Diphenhydramine substance abuse
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) - antiallergic, antihistamine, also has a sedative and hypnotic effect. The drug has a central anticholinergic effect. This can be associated with his ability to cause delirium after taking large doses. Small doses of dimedrol (0.1-0.15 g) in combination with alcohol increase alcohol intoxication, large doses cause delirium.
Symptoms of diphenhydramine intoxication
Clinical manifestations of dimedrol delirium are similar to those caused by cyclodol. Visual hallucinations differ kaleidoscopy, rapid change of episodes and pictures. Pre-intoxicating conditions usually determine the affective background (from euphoria to fear) and the content of visual hallucinations. In adolescents, after skirmishes and fights with peers in visions, the pictures of massacres prevail. They see people threatening with violence or murder. At the height of delirium, the critical attitude to hallucination is lost, the patient becomes dangerous to himself and others. With the combined effects of alcohol and diphenhydramine, more severe psychoses arise.
Diagnostics
The following are diagnostic signs of acute intoxication caused by the use of hallucinogens (F16.0). It must meet the general criteria for acute intoxication (F1 * .0). In the clinical picture, dysfunctional behavior or impaired perception is noted. This is evidenced by:
- anxiety and fear;
- auditory, visual or tactile illusions or hallucinations that arise in a state of complete wakefulness;
- depersonalization;
- derealization;
- paranoid attitude;
- ideas of meaning;
- mood lability:
- impulsive actions;
- hyperactivity;
- violation of attention;
- violation of personal functioning.
In addition, at least two of the following symptoms must be present: tachycardia; palpitation; sweating and chills; tremor: blurred vision; dilated pupils; coordination disorders.
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Examination of intoxication by hallucinogens
Diagnosis of cyclodol and diphenhydramine substance abuse is carried out by revealing the facts of acute intoxication in the clinical picture of the disease. Typical manifestations of the syndrome of drug addiction: syndromes of altered reactivity, pathological attraction, withdrawal, personality changes (residual psychiatric disorders).
Forecast
The long-term consequences of the use of hallucinogens are manifested by mental dullness ("mental deafness"), observed for many days after their admission, with psychoses with rich symptoms that continue after removal of the drug from the body. Relapses of hallucinations, according to various data, occur in 16-57% of LSD consumers as a result of the influence of provoking factors: stressful situations, the reception of another surfactant or a physical illness. In some cases, hallucinogens provoke endogenous psychoses. Complication of their reception - anxiety-depressive syndromes with suicidal tendencies. These complications occur more often in people with anxious, unstable, schizoid traits and in the pre-psychotic state. Prolonged addiction to hallucinogens is observed rarely due to the lack of pronounced euphoria in their reception and the unpredictability of each episode of intoxication. The formation of withdrawal syndrome does not always happen. Tolerance when taking hallucinogens develops quickly and quickly disappears (within 2-3 days). Some experts adhere to the opposite point of view. They describe the vivid manifestations of the addiction syndrome in the abuse of hallucinogens.