Medical expert of the article
New publications
What causes hypotrophy?
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Hypotrophy causes different. It can be a consequence of various exogenous and endogenous etiological factors, causing either insufficient supply of food to the body, or its insufficient assimilation. Among exogenous factors, the value of alimentary in both early and old age is still very high. In children of the first year of life, this may be due to the high prevalence of hypogalactia in mothers and food allergies in children, leading to a quantitative underfeeding. No less important role in the emergence of malnutrition is played by qualitative nutritional disorders: a deficiency of vitamins, a deficiency or excess of any food substance (protein, fat or carbohydrates). With increased protein load, protein utilization is reduced, nitrogenous products (amino acids, ammonia) accumulate in the body, acidosis occurs, which leads to the appearance of dystrophic changes in the brain tissue and parenchymal organs. Especially unfavorable is the excess protein on the background of a lack of carbohydrates. Unbalanced nutrition with excessive intake of easily digestible carbohydrates and protein deficiency also negatively affects the development of the child. Kvashiorkor - a special form of hypotrophy, developing in conditions of pronounced protein starvation with a moderate intake of carbohydrates and fats and a layering of the infectious process.
Severe giportofia due to endogenous factors requiring timely and adequate correction of nutritional status. To the development of malnutrition often lead to acute and chronic infectious diseases.
Causes of hypotrophy
|
Causes of development |
Clinical conditions |
|
Disturbances in eating |
Loss of consciousness Violation of the act of swallowing Indomitable vomiting Obstruction of the digestive canal Anorexia nervosa |
|
Digestive disorders (maldigestia) |
Enzyme insufficiency Pancreatitis Gastrectomy Small bowel resection Biliary insufficiency |
|
Absorption disorders (malabsorption) |
Defects of enzyme and transport systems of the gut Enteritis Crohn's disease Syndrome of the small intestine Fistula of the intestine |
|
Metabolic disorders |
Congenital metabolic disorders Endocrine disorders Interaction of nutrients and medicines Catabolic conditions (such as burns, sepsis and severe infectious diseases, trauma, surgical operations) |