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Types of pneumonia
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
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All pneumonias are divided according to the conditions of infection into two large groups: community (home) and hospital (hospital, nosocomial). Nosocomial pneumonia is considered to have developed after 72 hours of inpatient stay or within 72 hours after discharge from it. Separately, pneumonia is considered in patients with immunodeficiency.
Among hospital pneumonias, it is customary to isolate ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), i.e. Pneumonia, which occur in children who are on artificial ventilation of the lungs (IVL), and a fan-non-associated, or simply hospital pneumonia. Ventilator-associated pneumonia, in turn, is divided into early (occur in the first 3 days of ventilation) and later (occur in a child who is on ventilator for more than 3 days).
This division is due to differences in the mechanisms of development of these diseases, in morphological and clinical signs, in the types of infecting microorganisms.
The etiology of pneumonia is divided (indicating the pathogen) to viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, mixed.
The pathogenesis of pneumonia is divided into primary, which develop in children without significant premorbid disorders of the anti-infective protection of the body, and secondary, which develop in children with significant premorbid impairment of the leading parts of the body's anti-infection protection. In the diagnosis, in this case, pneumonia is indicated as a manifestation or complication of other serious diseases.
According to clinical and roentgenological data, there are: focal, focal-drainage, lobar (croupous), segmental and interstitial pneumonia.
With the flow, acute and prolonged pneumonia is isolated. With full treatment uncomplicated pneumonia regress for 2-4 weeks, complicated - for 1-2 months. Prolonged flow is diagnosed in the absence of reverse dynamics in terms of 1.5 to 6 months.
The severity of the flow distinguishes between light and heavy pneumonia, requiring intensive therapy, as well as complicated.
Pneumonia can occur with pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications. Pulmonary complications: pleurisy, intrapulmonary destruction (bullae, abscesses), pneumothorax, pyopneumotorax, pleural empyema. Extrapulmonary complications: infectious-toxic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DVS-syndrome), acute renal failure.