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Thyroid dystopia
Last reviewed: 17.10.2021
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The guttural dystopia of the thyroid gland, or guttural goiter, refers to aberrant formations characterized by the fact that during the process of morphogenesis, a part of the organ parenchyma "migrates" to nearby anatomical regions where they begin to function with their inherent properties. Dystopic thyroid glands located in the epiglottis space come from the tongue-and-tongue channel and are located at the base of the tongue. Inside, the laryngeal dystopic thyroid glands are found much less frequently and are usually localized in the underlayment space. It should be noted that the thyroid gland plays an important role in the pathology of the larynx and is often an important factor affecting its embryonic development, and malignant neoplasms often cause similar laryngeal diseases. Knowledge of the anatomy of the thyroid gland is necessary for surgical interventions on the larynx and proximal part of the trachea with the use of external access.
Diagnostics
Dystopic thyroid glands usually have a rounded shape, differ reddish color and bleed easily when touching with a sharp probe. In appearance, they can be confused with a malignant tumor, so the final diagnosis is made on the basis of a sample with absorption of iodine radionuclides ( 131 ) or technetium followed by scanning.
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Treatment of laryngeal thyroid dystopy
Treatment of laryngeal thyroid dystopy operative from endolaryngeal or external access. The most effective method is the use of laser surgery. Before the operation, you should make sure the presence of the main thyroid gland.