Medical expert of the article
New publications
Transfusion technique
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Caution: Before starting a transfusion, it is necessary to check the container labeling and perform compatibility tests to ensure that the component is intended for the recipient.
The use of an 18G (or larger) needle prevents mechanical damage and hemolysis of red blood cells. A standard filter should always be used when transfusing all blood components. Only 0.9% sodium chloride solution may be added to the container with transfused blood. Hypotonic solutions cause hemolysis of red blood cells, and calcium contained in Ringer's solution may cause clot formation.
Transfusion of a single unit or blood component should be completed within 4 hours, as longer transfusions increase the risk of bacterial growth. If slow transfusion is necessary due to heart failure or hypervolemia, blood components can be divided into smaller aliquots at the blood bank. For children, 1 unit of blood should be divided into small sterile aliquots that can be used over several days, thereby reducing the risk of immunization.
Careful observation of the patient is necessary, especially during the first 15 minutes of transfusion, including recording of temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate. Periodic monitoring is carried out during and after transfusion, and fluid balance is assessed throughout the period. The patient should be covered and warmed to prevent shivering, which may be interpreted as a transfusion reaction. Transfusions at night are not recommended.