Symptoms of respiratory allergies
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Seasonality of allergic rhinitis depends on the spectrum of sensitization
- with household sensitization, clinical manifestations are observed year-round with an increase in the autumn-winter period;
- with pollen sensitization there is a distinct seasonality of exacerbations.
Allergic rhinitis in children is usually combined with sinusitis (painful palpation at the point of exit of the trigeminal nerve, symmetrical darkening with uneven contours on the radiograph), eustachyte, adenoid hyperplasia, otitis and other disorders of the upper respiratory tract.
Paroxysmal sneezing, nasal congestion, mucosal discharge (rhinorrhea) are typical clinical signs of allergic rhinitis
Pronounced itching leads to the baby wrinkling the nose ("rabbit nose"), the third ("allergic salute"), which results in the formation of a transverse fold on the border of the bone and cartilaginous parts of the nose. The child breathes through the mouth, there is swelling of the face, dark shadows under the eyes. The chronic course of allergic rhinitis leads to headaches, sleep disturbances, and a decline in school performance.
Rhinoscopically, with allergic rhinitis, you can identify pale with a bluish tinge of the nasal mucosa, its swelling, narrowing of the middle and lower nasal passages due to an increase in the volume of the middle and lower nasal concha.
A typical symptom of allergic pharyngitis is a dry, persistent cough that is triggered by both specific allergens and nonspecific effects. Painful sensations in the patient usually do not exist, while seeing limited or diffuse swelling of the oropharynx.
Allergic laryngitis often occurs in children under 3 years of age with sensitization to food, although it is possible to sensitize to other groups of allergens. Usually the disease has a recurring character.
Exacerbations often develop suddenly at night. There is a rough barking cough, hoarseness of voice. Often, the allergic inflammatory process involves trachea and bronchi (allergic recurrent laryngotracheitis, laryngotraheobronchitis). The incidence of stenosis of the larynx is high.
Allergic tracheitis is clinically characterized by a paroxysmal dry rough cough, which often occurs at night and is accompanied by painful sensations in the chest area. Despite the painful cough, the general condition of the child remains undisturbed. The paroxysmal nature of coughing, vomiting that often occurs at the height of an attack, and worsening of the condition at night often serve as the basis for the erroneous diagnosis of whooping cough. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the etiological factor of allergic tracheitis is sensitization to household allergens.
Allergic obstructive bronchitis refers to respiratory allergies of the lower respiratory tract. According to modern concepts, this form of the disease is considered as an option for a mild course of bronchial asthma, since the etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of allergic obstructive bronchitis completely coincide with the etiology and pathogenesis of asthma.
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