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Symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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In typical cases, acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is manifested by nephritic syndrome, characterized by peripheral edema, arterial hypertension, urinary syndrome in the form of microhematuria and moderate proteinuria (up to 1 g / day). Macrogematuria is noted in 25-50% of cases.
The clinical analysis of the blood reveals an increase in ESR, moderate leukocytosis, anemia of mild degree. In 50-80% of patients, an elevated titer of anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) in the blood is noted. A characteristic sign of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is a decrease in the concentration of the C 3 component of the complement system in the blood at a normal concentration of the C 4 component, which is observed in 90% of patients in the first 2 weeks from the onset of the disease. Nephrotic syndrome develops rarely (2-5%). It is manifested by widespread swelling, pronounced proteinuria (> 3 g / day), hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. In 50-70% of patients, renal function is affected - oliguria develops (diuresis <1 ml / kg per hour in children under one year or <0.5 ml / kg per hour in older children). OPN in children with acute poststreptococcal GB is rare (1-5% of patients).
The clinical course of acute glomerulonephritis in most cases is characterized by a reversible and consistent resolution of glomerulonephritis and restoration of renal function.
The acute stage of the disease lasts, as a rule, 5-7 days, but can last more than 3 weeks. After 1-2 weeks after the onset of the disease, macrohematuria and edema disappear, after 2-4 weeks, the arterial blood pressure is normalized and the kidney function is restored. In 3-6 months from the onset of the disease, the overwhelming majority of patients normalize the concentration of the C3 component of the complement system in the blood, there are no proteinuria and hematuria. After a year, only 2% of children have hematuria, and 1% have proteinuria.
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