Medical expert of the article
New publications
Psychotic disorder caused by taking psychoactive substances
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Psychotic symptoms, especially delirium and hallucinations, can result from a wide range of substances, including alcohol, amphetamines, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, phencyclidine, some sedatives and anxiolytics. The diagnosis is established if the symptoms begin within 1 month or less after intoxication or withdrawal of the substance involved and after exclusion of other psychotic disorders. Since the symptoms may coincide with the symptoms of transient psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder, acute episodes of mania or schizophrenia, the difference between these states can be difficult. Diagnosis may require several days of follow-up. Treatment may vary depending on the substance involved. Hallucinogenic and phencyclidine psychoses may not respond in the proper way to the appointment of antipsychotics. A supportive approach is preferred with an encouraging, structured and protective environment. Agitation is best ameliorated by the administration of short-acting benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, administered orally or intramuscularly.
[