Preparation for ultrasound of kidney and ureter

Preparation for ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters is aimed at creating optimal diagnostic conditions. Modern ultrasound equipment has a very high permissive and informative ability, however echogenicity of some areas, zones, organs and systems due to anatomical features is difficult without preliminary preparation. This is due to the technology of ultrasound: ultrasound is dissipated in an environment where there is air, and vice versa gives a good reflection in a moist environment, in water. This directly affects the scanning of the kidneys and ureters, which is why the patient should follow the doctor's recommendations before the procedure and observe the rules.

Preparation for ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters is sufficient simple, but necessary for research rules: 

• If there is a tendency to gassing in the intestine (flatulence), it is necessary to observe a dietary diet, excluding from the set of products all kinds of legumes, whole milk products, vegetables and fruits in raw form. It is also necessary to exclude the intake of any alcoholic and carbonated beverages. The diet should be observed two to three days before the study. If necessary, you can take sorbent drugs, as well as enzymes. Sometimes, as prescribed by the doctor, you should perform bowel cleansing two or three days before the procedure, but do not clean the intestines in the morning before the test; 
• Before the procedure, there is no need to starve, ultrasound is not performed on an empty stomach; 
• At least an hour before the test, you need to drink a sufficient amount of liquid (up to 4 glasses). This makes it possible to improve the conductivity of the echo signal and increases the informative value of the procedure itself. If the urge to urinate in the period of waiting for ultrasound will be strong, the bladder should be emptied and again to drink the necessary amount of water.

Ultrasound examination makes it possible to carry out various puncture measures. Preparation for them is radically different from observing the simpler rules of the standard ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters.

[1], [2]

Preparation for ultrasound of kidney and ureter with nephrostomy

Nephrostomy is a special procedure for artificial drainage of the kidney. Urinary diversion can be performed using a catheter, stent or drainage. Drainage is established through the peritoneum, the tissue of the kidney, directing into the cavity of the organ. Nephrostomy is needed to normalize the excretion of urine in cases where other therapeutic methods are ineffective or impossible (oncology, concrements). If the nephrostomy is not performed in time, the abnormal enlargement of the renal cavity (hydronephrosis) and subsequently tissue atrophy can develop. Also, a violation of the function of urinary outflow is fraught with pyelonephritis. Nephrostomy can also be performed to gain access to the affected ureters, for operative intraorganic crushing of the calculi. Often with the help of such an operation, chemotherapy is performed.

To conduct nephrostomy under the control of echography, special training is required, including a set of analyzes, standard before any other operation. These are general studies of blood and urine, biochemical analysis, coagulogram, urography. Often, in addition to ultrasound examination of the kidneys, a computer tomogram is assigned.

Preparation for ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters with laparoscopic iginepuncture cysts

Iginepuncture designates surgical decompression procedures for opening cysts. Such operative actions help not only to reduce the size of the cyst, but also to reduce the intrarenal pressure, and therefore, to minimize pain syndrome. In the absence of serious pathologies, surgical puncture is replaced by percutaneous puncture, which is performed by laparoscopic method under the control of echography. As a matter of fact it is an invasive puncture of cysts, which allows to process a large number of them without open surgical intervention. Preparation for a small operation under local anesthesia requires the implementation of the recommendations of the attending physician. The training rules depend on how many cysts will be processed and from the expected time period of the operation.

Preparation for ultrasound of kidney and ureter with kidney biopsy

A biopsy is performed for the morphological analysis of the kidney tissue by a closed method (percutaneous puncture) or by open surgery (open biopsy). For analysis, a piece of tissue is taken, which is examined for: 

• Diagnostic specification; 
• Specification of therapeutic measures; 
• Monitoring of the patient's condition after transplantation.

The preparatory activities are as follows: 

• It is necessary to pass general tests of blood and urine, radiography, urography of the kidneys; 
• A coagulogram showing coagulability of blood, number of platelets and other parameters is submitted; 
• In severe hypertension, special hypotonic therapy is performed before and after the procedure; 
• A preliminary ultrasound examination of the kidneys is carried out; 
• Exclude or minimize the intake of medications, especially anti-inflammatory or anticoagulants.

Preparation for ultrasound of the kidneys and ureters can be simple, but may require additional actions, analytical studies. Everything depends on the disease for which the echography is carried out.