Pharyngitis - Symptoms

Pharyngitis symptoms usually appear in the off-season period – in autumn, spring and winter. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, accompanied by acute pain and uncomfortable sore throat and having an acute or chronic nature, actually defines the concept of pharyngitis. The anatomical structure of the pharynx suggests the presence of three sections of the organ – the nasopharynx, located in the upper part, the oropharynx, located in the middle part, the laryngopharynx, located in the lower part.

The symptoms of pharyngitis can also be divided by the location of the developing inflammatory processes. It should be noted that this division is conventional, due to the migratory nature of viral and bacterial infections that diffusely affect the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Often, infection migrations have a descending direction. The mucous membrane in chronic pharyngitis has a morphological change, mainly localized in one anatomical section of the pharynx. This makes it possible to identify individual nosologies, in particular, chronic nasopharyngitis. The main cause of pharyngitis is irritation of the mucous membranes of the pharynx by inhaling cold or infectious air, chemical irritation is also possible due to alcohol or tobacco use. Symptoms of pharyngitis can be provoked by all sorts of microorganisms, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci or influenza viruses, adenoviruses. There are known cases of pharyngitis caused by Candida fungi. It is also possible to develop pharyngitis due to the spread of an infectious focus directly adjacent to the pharynx. Thus, pharyngitis is formed due to sinusitis, rhinitis or dental caries. According to etiological factors, acute pharyngitis is divided into viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic, traumatic, due to surgical interventions or accidental ingress of foreign bodies and caused by the action of external irritants, namely, acids, alkali, steam or hot liquid. Depending on the nature of the changes in the mucous membrane, chronic pharyngitis can be simple or catarrhal, atrophic or subatrophic and hypertrophic. A combination of these forms of chronic inflammation is possible. Namely, diffuse atrophic changes in the mucous membrane can be combined with a focus of hyperplasia of the tubopharyngeal ridge and lymphoid tissue of the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Depending on the symptoms of pharyngitis observed in the patient, the disease can be classified as acute and catarrhal or simple. Acute pharyngitis, respectively, can be viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic, traumatic, chronic and caused by external irritants. Catarrhal pharyngitis can be hypertrophic or granular, atrophic, mixed. Catarrhal pharyngitis in acute respiratory viral infection is one of the most common forms of acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the pharynx.

About 70% of possible pharyngitis are caused by the following viruses: coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus. Most often, acute pharyngitis is caused by rhinovirus. Modern studies indicate an increase in cases of acute respiratory viral infections during the off-season with the direct participation of rhinoviruses. As a rule, a bacterial infection is preceded by a viral infection, which is the primary cause.

The causative agents of acute pharyngitis can be distributed in order of decreasing frequency as follows: rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus. Less common, but still encountered are the following causative agents of pharyngitis: respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, enterovirus, Coxsackie virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegaloviruses, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Symptoms of acute pharyngitis

The clinical picture has the following symptoms of acute pharyngitis - a characteristic sore throat, a feeling of dryness, discomfort and severe pain in the throat when swallowing or even when gulping air. General malaise and fever are possible. When the tubopharyngeal ridges become inflamed, it is possible that the pain radiates to the ear area. When palpating, an increase in and soreness of the upper cervical lymph nodes is observed. Pharyngoscopy shows hyperemia of the posterior walls of the pharynx and palatine arch, inflammation of the lymphoid granules, without the signs of inflammation of the tonsils of the palatine region characteristic of angina. It is possible that acute pharyngitis can be the root cause of all sorts of infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, rubella, measles. In some cases, differential diagnostics with Stevens-Johnson syndrome or Kawasaki disease may be required.

Sore throats that do not respond to long-term therapy should be diagnosed with syndromes that develop with some systemic diseases and diseases of the nervous system. For example, Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that is accompanied by pronounced dryness of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and an increase in the salivary glands. Stylalgia syndrome is characterized by constant severe pain in the throat, provoked by an elongated styloid process located in the lower temporal part, palpated above the palatine tonsil. Many different neuralgias of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves can provoke pain in the throat, most often in older people.

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis

Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis are usually not characterized by fever and significant deterioration of the patient's health. The clinical picture of chronic pharyngitis is characterized by dry mouth, sore throat and a lump sensation, which provokes coughing and the desire to clear the throat. The cough is dry and persistent, not typical for tracheobronchitis. Pain in the throat is caused by constant swallowing of mucus, which accumulates on the back walls of the pharynx. Patients with symptoms of chronic pharyngitis experience increased irritability and sleep disturbances. The mucous membranes of the pharynx, with atrophic pharyngitis, look thinned, dry, sometimes covered with dried mucus. Pharyngoscopy of the hypertrophic form reveals chaotically located tubopharyngeal ridges and foci of lymphoid tissue on the back wall of the pharynx. During periods of exacerbation, these changes are accompanied by swelling of the mucous membranes.

Very often, chronic pharyngitis manifests itself in the form of gastrointestinal tract pathology, such as pancreatitis, cholecystitis, atrophic gastritis. Difficulty breathing through the nose provokes symptoms of chronic pharyngitis. Chronic pharyngitis can be caused by the abuse of vasoconstrictor nasal drops, which have an anemic effect on the walls of the pharynx when flowing from the nose, which is absolutely undesirable in this part of the nasopharynx. Symptoms of chronic pharyngitis appear during postnasal drip, when discomfort in the throat is associated with the flow of infectious secretions from the nose to the back of the pharynx. Constant coughing in this condition causes severe wheezing, whistling in nature. In the presence of such symptoms of chronic pharyngitis, it is necessary to conduct differential diagnostics for bronchial asthma.

Symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis

The main factors that provoke symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis include the peculiarities of the constitutional structure of the gastrointestinal tract and the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Systematic exposure to exogenous factors, usually occurring at work or in emergency situations, also exacerbates chronic pharyngitis. For example, inhalation of smoky or dusty air, chemical vapors. Abuse of vasoconstrictor nasal drops and, as a consequence, forced breathing through the nose, is also one of the factors that provoke symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis. Abuse of alcoholic beverages and smoking, which have a systematic consistency, entails symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis in most cases. Diseases of the endocrine and immune systems very often provoke exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis. Such diseases include all kinds of allergies, hypothyroidism, renal or pulmonary failure, diabetes mellitus, vitamin A deficiency. As a rule, the symptoms of exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis occur in a latent form, latently, without revealing themselves, unlike the characteristic symptoms of acute pharyngitis. Patients with symptoms of chronic pharyngitis complain of dry mouth and sore throat, which are accompanied by a dry cough. In elderly people, the immune system often has some deviations, which also contribute to the exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis. Very often, changes in the endocrine system and the gastrointestinal tract provoke an exacerbation of chronic pharyngitis. Diagnosis and treatment must be carried out taking into account the specific clinical picture of the disease. In order to timely diagnose and prescribe a course of treatment, it is very important not to postpone a visit to a specialist, especially in the case of a child's illness.

Symptoms of pharyngitis in adults

Symptoms of pharyngitis in adults have a sluggish course, without any special characteristic signs over a long period of time. Symptoms of pharyngitis in adults are provoked by various reasons, accompanied by a functional disorder of secretion and blood circulation. Constant discomfort and pain in the throat, dryness and irritation in the mouth are the first signs of the onset of pharyngitis. Symptoms of pharyngitis in adults are a consequence of various infectious acute and chronic forms of the upper respiratory tract, as well as a consequence of the negative impact of environmental factors. Dirty inhaled air, in the conditions of modern cities, man-made production processes, uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking irritate the mucous membrane of the pharynx and lead to the development of chronic pharyngitis. Autoimmune and allergic diseases contribute to the development of symptoms of pharyngitis in adults. So, the main causes that provoke symptoms of pharyngitis in adults are: inhalation of cold or dirty air of modern cities, exposure to chemical irritants, both at home and at work, all kinds of infectious diseases.

Symptoms of pharyngitis in children

Symptoms of pharyngitis in children are caused by pathogenic viruses, such as streptococci and mycoplasma. The disease manifests itself in a child's body somewhat differently than in adults. In cases where the mucous membrane of the pharynx is inflamed in a sick child, catarrhal pharyngitis is usually diagnosed. Granular pharyngitis is characterized by inflammatory processes in most of the pharynx and changes in the size of the lymphadenoid elements. Diagnosis of the disease is a rather complicated procedure and requires utmost care. It is unacceptable to limit yourself to only a visual examination of the patient's pharynx and oral cavity. Only after the results of all the necessary tests and analyses can a conclusion be made about the true causes of pharyngitis and the viruses and bacteria that caused its exacerbation. It is enough to observe changes in behavior and you can identify the symptoms of pharyngitis in children. Complaints of sore throat and irritation, unusually calm behavior, poor appetite, and sometimes refusal to eat are the first symptoms of pharyngitis in children. These symptoms are good reasons for an immediate visit to the pediatrician. Before that, you can independently examine your child's throat to detect superficial changes, redness, or whitish plaque.

By external signs, symptoms of pharyngitis in children are determined by swelling of the mucous membrane and redness of the pharynx. There may be cases when the throat is covered with purulent plaque and red swelling. Detection of any of the listed symptoms is a necessity for qualified consultation with a specialist. Possible methods of treating pharyngitis in children must be agreed upon with a pediatrician, since the use of sprays during treatment can provoke bronchospasm, and the child resists ordinary gargling.

Symptoms of pharyngitis in infants

Symptoms of pharyngitis in infants can be expressed in a rather severe form. Probably a significant increase in the child's body temperature, deterioration of the general condition caused by lethargy, poor sleep and lack of appetite. Very often, symptoms of pharyngitis in infants are combined with adenoiditis. When diagnosing pharyngitis in infants, by visual examination of the throat of the sick child, pronounced redness and swelling, infiltrated and granular surface of the mucous membrane of the back wall of the pharynx are noted. Inflammatory processes of the palatine arches and soft palate are also possible. Inflammatory processes on the lateral ridges in the child's throat are possible with widespread pharyngitis.

Viral pharyngitis in young children is manifested by the following symptoms - bright red inflammation of the throat and tonsils, the soft palate area is also inflamed. The back wall of the pharynx is covered with red dots and blood bubbles. After two or three days, a dry cough and systematic coughing appear, caused by irritated mucous membrane of the pharynx.

Later, the cough tends to subside, but there is a possibility of secondary complications in the form of tonsillitis or adenoiditis. There are cases when, with pharyngitis, pain from the larynx is reflected by pain in the ears. It is very important to promptly diagnose the symptoms of pharyngitis in an infant, this will help to carry out effective treatment and prevent possible complications, which are very likely in young children. Symptoms of viral pharyngitis Symptoms of viral pharyngitis have common features characteristic of this disease. The most common cause of acute sore throat is viral pharyngitis. Symptoms of viral pharyngitis are a kind of secondary complication of viral infections from other organs, such as the intestines or lungs. Initially, the symptoms of viral pharyngitis are manifested by discomfort when swallowing, a feverish state occurs, accompanied by pain in the joints and muscles, an increase in body temperature is noted. A significant increase in lymph nodes can be noticed in the neck area. These symptoms and a visual examination of the patient's throat are sufficient to diagnose the disease.

Before visiting a specialist, you can relieve the symptoms of viral pharyngitis at home by gargling with a glass of warm water and half a teaspoon of table salt dissolved in it. It is advisable to repeat such gargling several times a day. In order to stabilize the temperature, you can take anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen. You should not overuse anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics, since antibiotics contribute to the resistance of the viral infection. If the disease is caused by infectious mononucleosis, the lymph nodes in the neck can significantly increase in size. In this case, it is advisable to treat them with prednisolone or another anti-inflammatory drug.

Typically, the symptoms of viral pharyngitis disappear after ten days. Viral pharyngitis rarely develops into complicated forms. Due to the widespread distribution of viruses and bacteria in the environment that cause infectious inflammation of the throat, viral pharyngitis is almost impossible to prevent. Following the rules of personal hygiene will help reduce the likelihood of infection with viral pharyngitis.

Symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis

For bacterial pharyngitis, the typical time of exacerbation usually falls at the end of winter - beginning of spring. The period when the body is most susceptible to respiratory diseases, most people have vitamin deficiency weakening of the immune functions of the body. And as a consequence of this, the symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis coincide with the onset of respiratory diseases, such as influenza or adenovirus. Characteristic symptoms, in almost all cases of the disease, include - pain in the throat, constant irritation, elevated body temperature, cough. These symptoms are accompanied by a general weakening of the body, systematic headaches, local enlargement of the lymph nodes in the area between the neck and jaw. The latter symptoms indicate the presence of staphylococcus and streptococcus infections in the respiratory organs. On the surface of the lymphoid follicles during pharyngoscopy, whitish purulent plaque can be found along with pronounced hyperemia. Symptoms of bacterial pharyngitis are caused by streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci and similar bacteria. Weakened immunity and vitamin deficiency, in turn, manifest themselves in a decrease in the body's resistance to various infections and do not prevent their penetration and reproduction in the mucous membranes of the respiratory organs.

Symptoms of gonorrheal pharyngitis

Symptoms of gonorrheal pharyngitis are characteristic of inflammatory processes in the throat caused by gonococci. The most common way of contracting gonorrheal pharyngitis is oral contact with a virus carrier. After contact, the cylindrical epithelia are affected, and then the deeper layers are infected. Due to the localization of gonococci in leukocytes, they are provided with double protection. Therefore, the treatment of gonorrheal pharyngitis involves not only the fight against gonococci, but also the neutralization of leukocyte cytoplasm. Gonococci act by affecting the respiratory organs, paranasal sinus - depending on the place of penetration of bacteria into the human body and from this place their large-scale spread begins. The disease is characterized by such symptoms of gonorrheal pharyngitis - a sore throat and a feeling of dryness in the mouth, painful sensations when swallowing, dry cough, fever, an increase in the size of the tonsils. When coughing, a small amount of mucus may be released. The general condition of the patient is characterized by drowsiness.

Symptoms of gonococcal pharyngitis

Symptoms of gonococcal pharyngitis are easily diagnosed by pharynoscopy and are reddened tonsils and mucopurulent plaque on the surface of the back wall of the pharynx. In some cases, breathing difficulties are possible, accompanied by swelling of the uvula and arches. For this type of gonococcal infection, increased salivation is most characteristic, along with minor pain in the throat. The pain is moderate, but painful sensations are also possible. Symptoms of gonococcal pharyngitis do not appear immediately and have a hidden, almost asymptomatic course, which determines its danger and unpredictability. According to the internal sensations of the patient, determining the symptoms of gonococcal pharyngitis, one can note discomfort when swallowing, pain and sore throat. The main route of spread of the disease is oral-genital, transmission of the disease from mother to child. Conventionally, it is possible to divide the inflammatory processes of the disease into several types, depending on the place of the main localization. Inflammatory processes can occur in the nasopharynx, oropharynx or laryngopharynx. Gonococci provoke the formation of redness on the mucous membranes in the throat, which subsequently become bleeding cracks with a grayish coating and purulent inclusions. These lesions cause painful sensations. Very often, the infection is localized on the surface of the throat, soft or hard palate, less often on the tongue. Additional symptoms of gonococcal pharyngitis include an unpleasant odor from the mouth and abundant mucus secretion on the surface of the oral cavity. In the absence of an adequate course of treatment, the disease persists for a long time and can be accompanied by a common purulent infection, which will only worsen the general condition of the patient.

Symptoms of Chlamydial Pharyngitis

Before considering the symptoms of chlamydial pharyngitis, it is necessary to define the concept of chlamydial pharyngitis. So, chlamydial pharyngitis is a practically undetectable, but quite common form of chlamydia. Infection with chlamydia occurs through oral-anal and oral-genital contacts with a partner infected with chlamydia. The opinion about infection with chlamydia during a kiss has no scientific evidence. The main symptoms of chlamydial pharyngitis are a feeling of irritation in the throat, minor difficulties in swallowing, and characteristic redness of the back of the throat. The peculiarity of the symptoms of chlamydial pharyngitis is the latent nature of the course and weak insignificant expression. This explains the lack of attention from both the patient and doctors.

Acute chlamydial pharyngitis is most common in infants. Chlamydial pharyngitis in adults is usually very rare and occurs against the background of a significant weakening of the body's immune functions.

The acute form of the disease has the following symptoms of chlamydial pharyngitis: the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx are painful and hyperemic, the follicular reaction is obvious. In some cases, chlamydial pharyngitis can develop as a complication of ophthalmochlamydia. This occurs when chlamydia penetrates the nasopharynx from the conjunctival sac through the nasolacrimal canal or through the epithelium. Symptoms of chlamydial pharyngitis can appear against the background of otitis and other various diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms of purulent pharyngitis

The symptoms of purulent pharyngitis are generally similar to the main symptoms of pharyngitis, and can also include the appearance of purulent plaque on the back wall of the patient's throat. Also, the symptoms of purulent pharyngitis progress more quickly and the patient's condition worsens significantly in the absence of a quality treatment course. So, the main symptoms of purulent pharyngitis are: high temperature, painful sensations when swallowing, abundant purulent plaque, swelling of the tongue. Inflammatory processes of the mucous tissues of the throat can be acute or chronic. The acute form of purulent pharyngitis suggests two probable forms of further development of the disease - purulent and catarrhal pharyngitis. Both forms of pharyngitis have the following symptoms: the tissues of the pharynx are inflamed, the mucous membrane is swollen, inflamed follicles can be seen with the naked eye on the back wall of the pharynx. Symptoms of purulent pharyngitis are characterized by accumulations of pus on the walls of the throat with the presence of multiple blood ulcers. The purulent form of pharyngitis is the most dangerous, therefore self-medication and especially self-treatment is excluded altogether. First of all, due to the severe course of purulent pharyngitis. Sore throat is accompanied by a dry cough, severe headaches, painful sensations when swallowing, a feeling of a lump in the throat. In general, acute pharyngitis rarely entails a strong increase in body temperature. But the purulent form of pharyngitis is an exception and the patient's body temperature can rise to 40ºС. Purulent pharyngitis is also dangerous due to possible complications. The lack of timely qualified treatment threatens the spread of pus and the inflammatory process to other organs. It is worth adding that with chronic pharyngitis, already in the early stages of the disease, the presence of viscous purulent masses on the back walls of the pharynx is noted. A disease of this nature does not have a critical danger, as the purulent form of acute pharyngitis, however, this does not mean that it is safe. Symptoms of purulent pharyngitis require immediate response and qualified treatment. And if at the first stage of the disease there are purulent discharges on the walls of the throat, then the third stage of the disease is characterized by atrophy of the throat tissues.

Symptoms of Fungal Pharyngitis

Symptoms of fungal pharyngitis are caused by the activity of yeast-like and mold fungi. Against the background of weakened immunity, decreased protective functions of the body due to various diseases, prolonged use of antibiotics, all kinds of blood diseases, gastrointestinal tract and even HIV infection, fungal pharyngitis further develops. The main symptoms of fungal pharyngitis include discomfort in the throat, characterized by dryness, irritation, burning. Severe pain when trying to swallow, accompanied by simultaneous irradiation of pain to the jaw and neck, ear area. Visual examination of the throat reveals swelling of the mucous membranes and the presence of a whitish coating. The patient exhibits pronounced intoxication, general weakness, severe headaches, and an increase in body temperature. The characteristic whitish coating on the throat is easily removed with a cotton swab. Infectious lesions caused by mold fungi have a yellowish tint and cannot be removed with a cotton swab.

Symptoms of catarrhal pharyngitis

The symptoms of catarrhal pharyngitis are quite similar to the general symptoms of pharyngitis, namely, a constant feeling of irritation in the throat, a feeling of a foreign body in the larynx, moderate pain when swallowing. These painful sensations are accompanied by the accumulation of viscous mucus, which periodically provokes forced coughing and expectoration. These symptoms are especially strong in the morning, and in some cases, coughing can cause gag reflexes and nausea. Pharyngoscopy determines the presence of viscous mucopurulent masses on the mucous membrane of the pharynx, the mucous membrane has obvious thickening and diffuse hyperemia, individual groups of blood follicles are enlarged in size and significantly protrude on the surface of the throat. The uvula and soft palate are enlarged and have severe swelling. Symptoms of catarrhal pharyngitis of the hypertrophic form are more pronounced. In case of untimely or poor-quality treatment, the symptoms of catarrhal pharyngitis may change and take the form and symptoms of granular pharyngitis.

Granular pharyngitis and its symptoms

Granular pharyngitis and its symptoms have common symptoms with hypertrophic pharyngitis, a complicated form of which is actually granular pharyngitis.

In granular pharyngitis, mucopurulent masses of a very viscous consistency provoke constant expectoration, sometimes with bouts of vomiting. On the surface of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, many lymphoid formations of a bright red color accumulate, having clear boundaries and standing out sharply against the general background of purulent masses. After some time, the number of such formations reaches the maximum, and the blood follicles become granules and thus have a granular structure. Granular pharyngitis and its symptoms are characterized by a special sign - a tickling sensation in the larynx. The remaining symptoms of granular pharyngitis in general have most of the common features with hypertrophic pharyngitis. An advanced form of granular pharyngitis, as a rule, entails surgical intervention, which does not always ensure a complete cure of the pathology. Often after surgery, a course of medication and further preventive measures are required, such as quitting smoking, regularly gargling with herbal infusions, and inhaling essential oils of sage, eucalyptus, and chamomile.

Atrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms

Atrophic pharyngitis is the final form of chronic pharyngitis, which occurs mainly with poor or untimely treatment of chronic pharyngitis. However, there are cases when atrophic pharyngitis develops as an independent disease that occurs against the background of a dystrophic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Atrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms have characteristic features, for example, the mucous secretion in the nasopharynx acquires a viscous consistency and subsequently forms crusts that create very uncomfortable sensations, due to their regular release in separate pieces or whole fragments. The mucous membrane is very dry and has a pale pink tint, through which blood vessels and lymphoid granules are clearly visible. Damage to the nerve endings in atrophic pharyngitis entails a complete absence of the pharyngeal reflex. As a rule, atrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms have a long course, during which atrophy of the laryngeal tissues occurs.

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Allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms

Allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms have characteristic signs, and are similar to both allergic diseases and pharyngitis. Thus, the main symptom of allergic pharyngitis is the occurrence of sharp and acute pain in the larynx, accompanied by a dry cough. In the morning, the patient feels pain in the throat, the sinuses are blocked, the voice becomes hoarse, while in the evening of the previous day there were no such signs. Allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms are the effect of swelling of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, provoked by a specific type of allergen that has entered the larynx.

The general clinical picture of allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms is represented by heat in the throat, dryness in the mouth, painful and unpleasant sensations when swallowing liquid or food, including saliva. The patient's voice changes, body temperature remains unchanged.

Allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms can occur independently or appear against the background of other allergic diseases of the mucous membrane of the throat.

Allergic pharyngitis and its symptoms are formed by systematic inhalation of dirty air, for example, industrial emissions from modern enterprises or air in modern cities saturated with exhaust gases of motor vehicles and dust. Hypertrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms

Hypertrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms have common features and are similar to the symptoms of the catarrhal form of the disease. Except that with hypertrophic pharyngitis, the mucopurulent masses are of a more viscous consistency. This provokes discomfort and the need for constant expectoration and coughing, possibly even with an attack of vomiting. Hypertrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms are characterized by a large accumulation of lymphoid growths of a bright red color and having clear outlines on the surface of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. Later, when the number of lymphoid growths reaches the maximum number, and the blood follicles acquire a granular structure, the disease takes the form and symptoms of granular chronic pharyngitis. Hypertrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms, in the absence or improper treatment, can have very serious consequences up to and including surgical intervention. At the same time, the results of surgical intervention do not always meet expectations and, as a rule, a course of drug treatment is also required.

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Subatrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms

Subatrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms are almost never manifested by an increase in body temperature or a sharp deterioration in the general condition of the patient. The most common complaints are a feeling of irritation and dryness in the throat, discomfort when swallowing liquid or food, a constant feeling of a lump in the throat. These signs provoke the desire to cough up in order to free the throat. Such symptoms are very often the causes of sleep disturbances. Subatrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms arise and develop, as a rule, in those who, for various reasons, regularly come into contact with irritants of the mucous membrane of the throat, such as paint, dust, chemicals. The disease may occur as a result of the development of atrophic cholecystitis, gastritis or pancreatitis. In such cases, it is necessary to use complex therapy aimed at eliminating the underlying cause of the disease. There are cases when subatrophic pharyngitis causes difficulty in nasal breathing after using vasoconstrictor drugs that have an anemic effect on the throat. In addition to the listed reasons, subatrophic pharyngitis and its symptoms can be a consequence of regular consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking. Against the background of the development of such diseases, for example, diabetes, heart or lung failure, disorders of the endocrine system of the body, under favorable conditions, the probability of subatrophic pharyngitis is very high.