Peculiarities of the spouses' personality and their combination in married couples

Family adaptation as a consequence of the correct functioning of the family, being an integrative phenomenon, reflects the coordinated interactions of the spouses at the social, psychological, socio-psychological and biological levels, thus affecting all aspects of life and relationships. In this regard, the study of the causes and mechanisms of the violation of family adaptation and the development of effective methods for its diagnosis and correction represent an actual medical and psychological problem.

The versatility of marital relationships, the diversity of causes and the complex genesis of family disadaptation (SD) dictate the need for a systematic approach to its study. Only from the viewpoint of a systemic approach can the causes and mechanisms of the development of family disadaptation be disclosed, all its clinical manifestations that are necessary for the development of an effective correction system, as the methods of psychotherapy currently used, need appropriate modification for use in each of the many forms of family disadaptation .

Taking into account the fact that family adaptation is a complex multifactor and polyparametric phenomenon that is determined by the unity of all manifestations of family functioning, as well as the importance of psychological and socio-psychological factors in its provision, we conducted a psychodiagnostic study to study the personal characteristics of the spouses for determining the causes and mechanisms of maladaptation formation.
In the spouses surveyed, we studied the personality characteristics relating to various aspects of their life: relationships with others, family relationships, self-esteem, social attitudes. The analysis of the results of the study made it possible to identify the characteristic personal characteristics of spouses, which, in view of their existing disorders, could lead to the development of family disadaptation. The study was conducted using the questionnaire of R. Cattell 16PF (Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, 16PF).

To achieve this goal, we examined 260 couples (joint ventures) with family disadaptation. In 80 married couples one of the spouses suffered from personality disorder (RL) (40 men with personality disorder with wives and 40 women with personality disorder and their husbands) - group 1, in the other 80 married couples one of the spouses was diagnosed with a neurotic disorder (HP ) (40 men with neurasthenia, obsessive-compulsive and somatization disorders and their wives, as well as 40 women with neurasthenia, neurotic depression, anxiety and their husbands) - group 2, 50 couples did not have clinically defined psychiatric disorders one health - Group 3. 50 harmonious couples were examined as a control group.

For the convenience of analysis and processing of the results obtained, taking into account the specificity of the psychodiagnostic study of the characteristics of interpersonal interaction, each of the groups was divided into conditionally coded subgroups. In group 1, a subgroup of men with personality disorder received code 1.1, their wives - 1.2; a subgroup of women with personality disorder was coded as 1.3, their husbands 1.4. Couples of group 2 were, accordingly, divided in this way: a subgroup of men with HP - 2.1, their wives - 2.2; women suffering from HP - 2.3, their husbands - 2.4. Among group 3, the subgroup of men was combined under the code 3.1, women - 3.2. The examined control groups were divided into subgroups of men - K. 1 and women - K. 2.

Men and women who had a personality disorder were characterized by a significant increase (p <0.05) of the Q4 factor, with a significant decrease (p <0.05) in C, G, Ql, Q3, and factor A (only in men).

Test indicators indicate emotional instability (C-), low normative behavior (G-), conservatism (Q1-), low self-control (Q3-), frustration (0.4+) of the examined and closed (A-) men of this group.

Emotional instability manifests itself in impatience, irritability, impulsiveness, low tolerance for frustration. Patients are under the influence of feelings, easily upset, they often change their mood. They are quick-tempered, prone to hypochondria. They prefer to shy away from solving unpleasant issues, do not take responsibility for solving problematic situations (factor C-).

Patients are characterized by impermanence, are influenced by feelings, case and circumstances. They indulge their desires, do not make efforts to follow the generally accepted moral rules and standards; easily surrender, faced with difficulties, are unreliable, unprincipled, careless and light-minded about their actions (factor G-). They expressed conservatism, denying the need for change, they are characterized by stability in relation to traditions, a propensity for moralization and moralizing, narrowness of intellectual interests (factor Q.1-). Lack of self-control and internal conflict (factor Q3-) are expressed in indiscipline, non-compliance with rules, spontaneity in behavior, subordination to one's passions and desires. High values of factor Q4 + (internal tension) indicate frustration, impatience, irritability, high level of excitement, excitement, excess of motives that do not find discharge. Men with personality disorder, in addition, were characterized as secretive, isolated, distrustful, unsociable, withdrawn. They were distinguished from extra criticality, a tendency to rigidity, excessive rigor in assessing people. They had difficulties in establishing interpersonal direct contacts, coldness and alienation towards close people, skepticism. In direct communication, they avoided compromises, showed hardness and rigidity (factor A-).

Thus, when analyzing the personality characteristics of men and women with personality disorder, such features as emotional instability, quick temper, irritability, impulsiveness (factor C-) came to the fore; Low normative behavior, unreliability, unprincipledness (factor G-); conservatism, reluctance to change (factor Q.1-); insufficient self-control and internal conflict (factor Q3-); internal tension and impatience (factor Q4 +). In addition, men were distrustful, uncommunicative, addicted to rigidity (factor A-).

The results of the study of their wives and husbands showed a significant (p <0.05) high indicators of factors O, Q4 and low values of factors Q1 and Q, 2 (reliability p <0.05).

Identified in the process of research, personal factors indicate a propensity for guilt (O +), conservatism (Q1-), dependence (Q2-) and internal frustration (Q4 +).

Men and women, whose spouses suffered from personality disorder, were unsure, anxious, worried, fearful, depressed. They have a sense of duty, they are too caring, while easily fall into confusion, full of fears, are subject to mood changes (factor O +). Clearly expressed conservatism (factor Q1-) is manifested in the desire to support established views, norms and principles, accepting only what has been experienced by time, doubting new ideas, denying the need for change, suspicious attitude to what does not correspond to their views on whatever then there were no things. They are unnecessarily dependent on others' opinions, not independent, need support and social approval, can make decisions only by enlisting the support of others, follow blindly the public opinion, social approval is very important for them, and they are not initiative, as evidenced by low values of factor Q2. High indicators of the factor O_4 + indicate that the spouses surveyed were distinguished by tension, nervousness, dissatisfaction of motives, frustration, emotional instability, irritability and impatience, which is the case with high ego-tension.

Thus, the most characteristic personal characteristics of the husbands and wives surveyed were uncertainty, anxiety, a penchant for guilt (factor O +); conservatism, denial of the need for change (factor 01-), lack of independence, need for support of others, lack of initiative (factor Q2-), frustration and tension (factor Q4 +).

Comparative analysis of the average test personality characteristics of husbands and wives, one of which has personality disorder, which was the reason for the development of family disadaptation, revealed the following pattern. Husbands and wives with personality disorders have reliably (p <0,05) similar personal characteristics, namely conservatism, reluctance to change in their life (factor Q1-) and tension, dissatisfaction with motives, emotional instability (factor Q4 +), which aggravates the course of family disadaptation. Men and women whose spouses were diagnosed with personality disorder had such traits as insecurity, a penchant for guilt (factor O +) and lack of independence, lack of initiative (factor Q2-), which was a predisposing factor to the development of dependent marital relations.

Thus, a study of the personality characteristics of spouses with family disadaptation, which developed as a result of personality disorder in one of them, revealed features that were similar in both spouses, namely, conservatism and frustration, which aggravated the course of maladaptation. Husbands and wives whose spouses suffered from personality disorder had personality traits that led to addictive relationships with the spouse and the inability to escape from the current situation, namely, a penchant for guilt and lack of autonomy.

The results of the examination of men and women in group 2, who were diagnosed with HP due to the development of family disadaptation, reflect a significant (p <0.05) increase in I, L, Q, Q4 factors and a significant (p <0.05) factors A, F, G, and Q1.

Patients are distinguished by their closeness (A-), caution (F-), low normative behavior (G-), tenderheartedness (I +), suspicion (L +), a penchant for guilt (O +), conservatism (Q1-), internal strength (Q4 +).

According to the test results, men and women with neurotic disorders are characterized by isolation, skepticism, inflexibility in relationships with people, a propensity for solitude, a concentration on one's own thoughts and feelings, isolation from others (factor A-). They approach everything very seriously and cautiously, live in constant anxiety about their future, are prone to pessimism, constantly expect the occurrence of some misfortunes, are deepened in themselves, too sensible, try to keep everything under their control.

The surrounding people perceive them as reserved, boring, listless and excessively stiff (F-). Often in their behavior, there is a disagreement with generally accepted moral norms and standards of behavior, a propensity for impermanence, selfishness (G-). In relation to others, especially close ones, they can show kindness, but they are expected to receive attention, help and sympathy from them. Although they are tolerant of themselves and others, they can not always be relied on, because they often act intuitively and impulsively, they are concerned with their health condition (I +). High values of factor L indicate suspicion, envy. Such patients have a high opinion of themselves, their interests are only addressed to themselves, they are jealous. From the surrounding people are required to bear responsibility for the mistakes made. They are troubled by feelings of guilt, they are full of fear, anxiety and bad presentiments. Easily cry, depressed, vulnerable, constantly in the mood of mood. They easily get tired of worries, cares deprive them of sleep, they are sensitive to the reactions of others (O +). They are distinguished by an extreme degree of conservatism, they have established views and blindly believe in them, accept only what has been experienced by time. With doubt, they relate to everything new, while they are inclined to moralizing and moralizing (Q1-). The state of frustration in which the spouses are surveyed is the result of an active dissatisfaction of aspirations. It is characterized by tension, excitement, a feeling of irritation and anxiety (Q4 +).

Thus, the most characteristic personal characteristics of men and women with neurotic disorders were closedness, inflexibility in relations with people (factor A-), caution, deepening in oneself, constant expectation of the occurrence of some unhappiness (factor F-), disagreement with the generally accepted moral norms and standards of behavior, (factor G-), expectation from others of attention, help and sympathy (factor I +), suspicion (factor L +), depression, sensitivity to reactions of others (O +), conservatism, inclination to n studies and moralization (Q1-), tension, excitement, irritability (factor Q4 +).

Characteristics of the personal profile of men and women of group 2, whose spouses suffered from HP, reflect a significant (p <0.05) increase in L and Q4 factors and a significant (p <0.05) decrease in C, G, I, O and Q3 .

The characteristic personality characteristics of men and women of these subgroups (2.2 and 2.4) were a tendency to mood lability (C-), unscrupulousness (G-), hardness (I-), suspicion (L +), self-confidence (O-), lack of self-control (Q3 -), internal tension (Q4 +).

The analysis of the studied indicators revealed that for men and women there is a frequent change of mood, emotional instability, impulsiveness, low tolerance towards frustration. Patients are under the influence of feelings, easily upset. They are quick-tempered, irritable, prone to hypochondria. They prefer to shy away from solving unpleasant questions, avoid requirements of reality, do not take responsibility for solving problematic situations (C-). They are characterized by disorganization, lack of principle, irresponsibility, impulsiveness, lack of agreement with generally accepted moral rules and standards of conduct, because they are by nature rebellious, condone only their desires, are subject to the influence of chance and circumstances, ignore duties. The surrounding cause distrust, because they do not make efforts to fulfill group norms (G-). In relation to others, they can be tough, severe, they show a callousness towards their loved ones.

They expect life from the life of the small, unsentimental, act practical and logical, do not pay attention to physical ailments, self-confident (I). They have a high opinion of themselves, they are selfish, their interests are only addressed to themselves, are envious, show suspicion and distrust towards people and a tendency to jealousy. They aspire to assign responsibility for mistakes to others. They are discreet in actions, care little for others, are stubborn and independent in social behavior (L +). Low values of factor O testify to carelessness, arrogance, self-confidence and in oneself, coolness, lack of remorse and guilt, stubbornness, insensitivity to the opinions of others. They are characterized by lack of self-control, internal conflict, lack of discipline, spontaneity in behavior, subordination to their passions (factor Q3-). Tension, frustration and even some patients' exasperation manifest themselves at high QA values. They are characterized by a state of heightened motivation and active dissatisfaction with aspirations, tension, anxiety, irritability.

Thus, in the study of the personal characteristics of men and women whose spouses suffered HP, emotional instability, impulsiveness (factor C-), disorganization, irresponsibility, disagreement with the generally accepted moral rules and standards of behavior (factor G-), rigidity, callousness towards their relatives (factor I-), suspicion and distrust towards people (factor L +), arrogance, composure, insensitivity to the opinion of others (factor O-), internal conflict, not residual self (Q3- factor), tension (factor Q4 +).

A comparative analysis of the personality characteristics of the husbands and wives of group 2 showed a significant similarity (p <0.05) for such factors as irresponsibility, impulsivity, lack of agreement with generally accepted moral rules and standards of conduct (factor G-), suspicion, distrust of people (factor L +), frustration (factor Q4 +), as well as significant difference in sensory factors, sentimentality - severity, rigidity (factor I), propensity to feelings of guilt - self-confidence, insensitivity to others factor O). The presence of identified personal characteristics, as well as internal conflict (factor Q3-) at least one of the spouses, in our opinion, contributed to the violation of marital relationships and the development of family disadaptation. Expression in the personal profile of men and women of such features as isolation (factor A-), pessimism, deepening in oneself, the desire to keep everything under their control (factor F-), excessive sentimentality, expectation from others attention, help and sympathy (factor I + ), anxiety, a penchant for guilt (factor O +), conservatism, negation of the need for change (factor Q1-), led to inadequate response to the violation of marital relationships and contributed to the development of HP.

According to the results of testing, the emotional characteristics of the spouses of this group were emotional instability (C-), dominance (E +), low normative behavior (G-), rigidity (I-), suspicion (L +), indiscipline (Q3-), frustration (Q4 +).

The results of the test study of the spouses of this group indicate that their inherent emotional instability is manifested in uncertainty, impatience, irritability, anxiety. They easily lose self-control, evade responsibility, avoid problematic situations (factor C-). They are dominated and domineering, self-confident and assertive in defending their opinions. They are stubborn to aggressiveness, independent in their judgments and behavior, they tend to regard their opinion as the only right and the law for all others. In conflict situations, they blame others, are authoritarian, often allow rudeness and hostility towards others (factor E +). Their characteristic feature is disagreement with generally accepted norms and standards of behavior, susceptibility to the influence of the case and circumstances. Those around them are mistrustful, because they are unreliable, unstable, often ignore their duties, considering only their desires, easily surrender, facing the slightest difficulties, are inclined to make claims (factor G-). In relation to others, they can be tough, severe, they show a callousness towards their loved ones. Self-confident, excessively rational (factor I-). High values of factor L indicate suspicion, envy. They have a high opinion of themselves, their interests are only addressed to themselves. At the same time, they are poorly controlled, follow only their motives, showing negligence, inability to take into account social norms. In relation to others, they are not inclined to be attentive and delicate. They are characterized by internal conflicts of ideas about themselves (factor Q3-). Dissatisfaction with aspirations and desires leads to a state of frustration in which the spouses are surveyed, which is manifested by tension, excitement, irritability (Q4 +).

Thus, the characteristic personal characteristics of the spouses of group 3 were emotional instability (C-), power, uncompromising (E +), irresponsibility, unreliability (G-), rigidity, callousness in relation to others (I-), suspicion, high self-conceit L +), low self-control, indiscipline (Q3-), tension, irritability (Q4 +).

Comparison of the results of the study of the husbands and wives of group 3 showed a significant (p <0.05) coincidence of the values of personal factors such as emotional instability (C-), power, uncompromising (E +), ignoring the generally accepted norms of behavior, irresponsibility (G-), self-confidence, rigidity (I-), low self-control (Q3-) and frustration, tension (Q4 +), which, in our opinion, played a disharmonizing role in their relationships and contributed to the emergence and development of family disadaptation.

The analysis of the results of the personal profiles of men and women in the control group established a statistically significant (p <0.05) increase in the indices for factors C, G, Q3 and a statistically significant (p <0.05) decrease in factor L, as well as an increase in factor A (only in men), I (only in women), with low values of factor I in men.

The distinctive features of the men and women of the control group were emotional balance (C +), high normative behavior (G +), gullibility, compliance (L-), discipline, high self-control (Q3 +), and sociability (A +) and practicality (I- ) - in men and impressionability (1 +) - in women.

Both spouses were characterized by emotional stability, consistency, calmness, which indicates the emotional maturity of the subjects. They soberly look at things, really assess the situation (factor C +). Their high super-ego is manifested in the observance of standards and rules of conduct, conscientiousness, responsibility, emotional balance. They are persistent and persistent in achieving goals, are disciplined, mandatory, resolute (factor G +); trusting in relation to people, open, indulgent, know how to get along with other people, kind-hearted, not envious (factor L-); care for their reputation, precisely fulfilling social requirements and controlling their emotions. In relation to others, they are attentive and delicate (factor Q3 +).

The men of the control group were distinguished by their openness, sociability, liveliness, attentiveness to people, naturalness and ease in communication. They easily establish interpersonal contacts, show readiness for cooperation and activity in eliminating interpersonal conflicts (factor A +). They are characterized by firmness, practicality, self-confidence, independence, in solving problems they rely on their own strengths and take responsibility for themselves. They are not sentimental, they are more prudent and realistic, sometimes - severity and rigidity in relations with other people (low values of factor I).

Women on the contrary are indulgent, tolerant, kind-hearted, sentimental. Dependent on others, capable of empathy, empathy, but also from others expect attention and sympathy. Are prone to hypochondria, fear, anxiety (high values of factor I).

Thus, in the study of the personality characteristics of the spouses of the control group, the balance (factor C +), observance of standards and rules of conduct, responsibility (factor G +), gullibility, openness (factor L-), exact fulfillment of social requirements and control of emotions factor Q3 +).

A comparative analysis of the personality characteristics of the husbands and wives of the control group showed a significant similarity (p <0.05) in terms of emotional stability (C +), high normative behavior (G +), trustfulness (L-), high self-control (Q3 +) and gender differences in Factor I: men were practical, and women - sentimentality. Identified personal factors, we regarded as favorable for interpersonal communication and psychological compatibility of spouses and promoting matrimonial adaptation of those surveyed.

Comparative analysis of the results of the study of personality characteristics of married couples by groups of subjects revealed several regularities.

Characteristic personal characteristics of spouses experiencing family disadaptation are impulsiveness, lack of agreement with generally accepted moral rules and standards of conduct (factor G-), severity, rigidity (factor I-), suspicion, distrust towards people (factor L +), frustration factor Q4 +) in both spouses and internal conflict (factor Q3-) at least one of them, contributing to the violation of marital relationships.

Emotional instability (C-), low normative behavior (G-), conservatism (Q1-), low self-control (Q3-), frustration (Q4 +), revealed in husbands and wives with personality disorder, lead to the emergence and aggravation of family disadaptation.

Predisposing factors to the development of dependent marital relationships are such personal characteristics as insecurity, a penchant for guilt (factor O +), conservatism (Q1-) and lack of independence, lack of initiative (factor Q2-), which were revealed in spouses whose partners had diagnosed with personality disorder.

Inadequate response to the violation of family relationships, contributing to the development of neurotic disorders, resulted in closedness (factor A-), pessimism, deepening in oneself (factor F-), expectation from others attention, help and sympathy (factor I +), propensity to sense guilt factor O +), conservatism, denial of the need for change (factor Q1-), found in men and women with neurotic disorders.

Psychological adaptation of spouses is facilitated by emotional balance (C +), high normative behavior (G +), trustfulness, compliance (L-), discipline, high self-control (Q3 +), and sociability (A +) and practicality (I-) - in men and impressionability (1 +) - in women, detected in the spouses of the control group.

The obtained data formed the basis of our system of psychotherapy and psycho-prophylaxis of family disadaptation.

Assoc. V. A. Kurilo. Peculiarities of the spouses' personality and their combination in married couples as a provocative or preventive factor in the development of family disadaptation // International Medical Journal No. 4 2012

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