Hypertrophy of tonsils in children

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children is an increase in the size of the tonsils.

To the great regret this disease is found in modern children quite often. The most active age is from five to ten.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Causes of tonsill hypertrophy in children

Before proceeding to the question, what are the causes of hypertrophy of the tonsils in children, it is necessary to recall the anatomical structure of the larynx. The tracheal passage is framed, forming the Valdeierovo ring, lymphoid formations such as: two symmetrically located palatine tonsils, the third pharyngeal tonsil is visible between them, the lingual tubular with the amygdala and laterally two processes of the pharynx are located. This lymphoid complex is the first shield in the defense of the organism on the path of viral and infectious diseases.

This pharyngeal complex in the form of a ring is formed in the first year of the baby's life, and resolves in the time when the child begins to show symptoms of puberty. Doctors do not consider the change in the linear parameters of the tonsils disease, it says only that there is a surge in activity in the endocrine system and the protective forces of the body.

• Many medical workers consider the main cause of the development of hypertrophy of the tonsils in children - often recurrent diseases of the common cold.

The otolaryngologist classifies this change in the degree of filling the space of the pharyngeal passage with tonsils:

1. I degree of pathology is when the tonsils occupy one-third of the space of the pharynx.
2. II degree of pathology - the space of the pharynx is blocked by two thirds.
3. The third degree of pathology is already a fairly serious complication, which almost completely covers the entire passageway of the larynx.

• If the child has had an infectious disease, such as diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever.
• The impetus to the development of hypertrophy of the tonsils in children can serve as a nearby inflammatory process: a carious tooth, a lesion of the nasal mucosa and surrounding tissues and sinuses.
• Adenoviral infection.
• You can also call pollution of the habitat and climate change in recent years.
• The cause of hypertrophy of the tonsils in children can be a variety of hormonal effects on the body, especially the change in the quantitative component of hormones in the pituitary gland (its anterior lobe), as well as in the upper membrane of the adrenal glands.

Clinical monitoring has shown that in children who often had tonsillitis, they find high levels of cortisone in their blood, and the urine of the baby contains traces of its metabolites. This parameter indicates an increased activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Symptoms of tonsill hypertrophy in children

Most often, the increase in the size of the tonsils parents can notice after the baby starts complaining about the neck. Based on the anatomical location of the tonsils and their physiology, it is not difficult to see the symptoms of tonsill hypertrophy in children. This can make even a person far from medicine.

What are the main abnormalities that indicate the different stages of tonsill hypertrophy in children:

• The kid complains of a discomfort in the throat.
• There are verbal changes. Karapuz begins to speak as if "in the nose."
• Breathing becomes difficult.
• In this case, pain symptoms are almost not observed.
• It is visually seen that the tonsils are enlarged, and the throat opening is much larger than usual.
• The process of swallowing is difficult.
• The color of the tonsils becomes pale yellow or pale pink.
• The texture of the surface of the mucosa becomes loose.
• With all this purulent blockage and plaque on them is not visible.
• When palpation it is felt that the tissues are soft.
• Violation of patency of nasal canals.
• The baby begins to breathe with his mouth, as breathing is difficult for the nose. The mouth is constantly ajar.
• Appearance during sleep snoring.
• With a more severe stage of the development of tonsillar hypertrophy in children (deformation of the pharyngeal tonsil in combination with nasal obstruction), the baby can develop a pathological change and distortion of the face - the cranial region and bite.
• Passability in the Eustachian tube may worsen. There are problems with hearing and the likelihood of recurrence of otitis media of the middle ear.
• Symptoms of changing the size of the tonsils can be frequent colds, causing inflammation of the larynx, upper and lower respiratory tract.
• Uneven breathing and restless sleep.

Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils in children

The palatine tonsils are symmetrically located on both sides of the laryngeal tonsil and represent lymphatic formations of the oval form with ten to twenty small canals extending into the amygdala. Hypertrophy of palatine tonsils in children, in the majority, develops in parallel with the change in the size of the pharyngeal process.

Increasing in size, the tonsils begin to block the pharyngeal passage, which leads to the appearance of the symptoms described above.

The narrowing of the pharyngeal passage leads not only to problems with breathing and swallowing functions. If hypertrophy of palatine tonsils in children is not treated, then this disease goes to the rank of chronic and its complications can affect such areas of the human body as the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Problems with breathing can cause a pathology of the right ventricle (hypertrophy of the right ventricle). There may be another trouble: a child who had no problems with urination before, begins to be described. In a complex, all these symptoms can lead to a decrease in the weight of the baby and to a delay in its growth.

But especially the parents should be alerted to the fact, when the change in the size has one amygdala. A detailed and thorough diagnosis is needed to find the cause of this manifestation. As the impetus for this picture can be more severe diseases: bacterial and viral infections, syphilis and tuberculosis, but the most unpleasant thing is that the cradle of such a manifestation can be a tumor, in particular lymphoma. If the condition of the amygdala in the otolaryngologist is questionable, then he necessarily consults a doctor - an oncologist.

Therefore, do not think that a few enlarged tonsils are trifles, everything will pass by itself. It would seem that a slight deviation from the norm can lead to serious complications.

Diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy in children

First of all, it is necessary to differentiate hypertrophy of tonsils in children and chronic tonsillitis. Symptoms of these two diseases are quite similar, but the essential difference is that with hypertrophy in the tonsils there is no inflammatory process, whereas tonsillitis this process provides.

Quite often in children associated with hypertrophy, the disease is adenoids. But the main signs are so obvious that, often, the diagnosis of hypertrophy of the tonsils in children is reduced to a survey of parents and a visual examination of a small patient. In cases when the ENT - the doctor appears any doubts, the doctor sends parents with the baby on the side x-ray of the nasopharynx or ultrasound, assigns laboratory studies. After all, you can not exclude other diseases with similar symptoms, it is especially important to capture at an early stage the development of tumor processes.

That is, the small patient passes:

• Physical examination. The otolaryngologist carefully examines the baby.
• Clarifies the symptoms of the disease in parents.
• Ultrasound of the pharynx.
• Clinical laboratory studies. Determination of the acid-base value of plasma, urine and blood analysis for the detection of pathogenic microflora, determination of the threshold of sensitivity to the attributable drugs.
• Radiography of the nasopharynx.
• If necessary, consultation with other highly specialized specialists is conducted.

[12], [13], [14], [15], [16]

Treatment of tonsill hypertrophy in children

In the treatment of any disease, the main focus in activities, to achieve a positive result, is the elimination of the causes of the disease and the stimulation of the immune system.

If the disease in question is detected in mild or moderate severity, treatment of tonsil hypertrophy in children is mainly medicated. To treat the area of deformation, astringent and cauterizing medical formulations are used.

Tannin. With this drug solution (in proportions 1: 1000) rinse and lubricate the pharynx and tonsils. Contraindications this drug has, except for hypersensitivity to the components of the medical device.

Antiformin (Antiforminum) (antiseptic). This drug is used as a rinse for disinfection of the oral cavity and the area of the tonsils and pharynx. Rinse with 2 - 5% solution of medication.

Silver nitrate (Argentnitras). To eliminate inflammatory processes and using an astringent property, 0.25-2% solution of the drug lubricate the mucous tonsils, if it is necessary to burn, then the percentage of silver nitrate in the solution is increased to two to ten percent. In this case, you can not exceed a single dose for adults more than 0.03 g and daily more than 0.1 g. Contraindications of this medication has not been revealed.

Attributed in the same way and lymphotropic drugs, drugs that have antimicrobial and antiviral effect. For example, such as:

Umcalor. This drug should be consumed half an hour before a meal with a small amount of water.

Dosage for children from one to six years is 10 drops. Reception is conducted three times a day.

For children from six to twelve years of age, the dosage should not be more than 20 drops once. Reception three times a day.

For children aged 12 years, umcalor is attributed in a dosage of 20 to 30 drops.

Most often the duration of the course is ten days. The drug is continued for several days after the symptoms have disappeared. If the recurrence of the disease periodically occurs, the treatment course continues, but with a lower dosage.

Lymphomyositis. This drug is attributed to the child in a dosage of 10 drops with a dose three times a day. The course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor watching the baby based on the clinical picture of the disease and the severity of its manifestations. Side effects and contraindications are not revealed, except for hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Tonsilgon. This is a combined medicine, the basis of which are herbal components. Form of taking the drug: tablets and water-alcohol extract of a cloudy yellow-brown color. It is used for inhalation. There are no special contraindications to this drug, except for individual intolerance of the constituent components of the drug.

Tonsilotren. The tablets of the drug dissolve in the mouth. If the course of the disease is indicated by acute manifestations, the attending physician assigns such a protocol of admission: for two to three days, at the end of every two hours a small patient must resolve two tablets. The duration of the course is up to five days.

If the disease is not as acute, then children aged 10 to 14 years, the drug is attributed to two tablets with application twice a day. For children under the age of ten, this drug should not be taken. If the symptoms of the disease for three days disappear - the drug is canceled, otherwise the treatment can be extended to five days. In the case of relapse, the duration of treatment can be increased to two to three weeks, with a split into several courses.

It is not recommended to prescribe this medicine to babies until the age of ten, pregnant women and women during breast feeding, as well as patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency. It should be taken with caution in the elderly and in patients with severe gastrointestinal or thyroid disease.

In this disease often used for therapeutic purposes and non-drug methods:

• Application of ozone therapy. The baby dosed time breathes ozone.
• Spa treatment. Such patients are attributed to climatic and balneograzic sanatoria.
• Ultrasound therapy treats by ultrasound on the amygdala.
• Vacuum hydrotherapy. Rinsing and treatment of tonsils with mineral and sea water.
• Carrying out inhalations with decoctions and oils of plants with antiseptic action (sage, chamomile ...), mineral water and mud solutions.
• Peloid therapy. Applying mud packs to the submandibular area.
• Electrophoresis with medicinal mud.
• Oxygen cocktails.
• UHF and microwave. Irradiation of the submaxillary region with lymph nodes.

If the initial size of the tonsils can not be restored by medicamentous and non-medicamentous methods and the process threatens to go to the stage of a chronic disease, the otolaryngologist must stop for tonsillotomy. This is an operative procedure, in which part of the altered lymphoid tissue is removed. Such an operation is performed under general anesthesia. The baby is euthanized, holding a tongue with a spatula, resecting a part of the amygdala, which protrudes beyond the accepted dimensions.

If necessary, perform tonsilectomy - resection of the tonsils is carried out completely. Not so long ago, such an operative intervention was the norm. To date, this operation is rarely prescribed (with chronic peritonsillar abscesses), since with the complete removal of the tonsils, the Valdeier ring ruptures, the defensive line on the path of infection breaks down.

Alternative medicine is also ready to offer several recipes that help with hypertrophy of tonsils in children.

• It is necessary to accustom the baby after each meal to rinse the mouth. Such an unpretentious procedure will not only cleanse the mouth of food debris (bacteria), but also introduce a hardening element. Especially problems with the child should not arise, because children are happy to play with water. To rinse it is possible usual vodichkoj, and it is possible broths from grasses (a sage, a calendula, a bark of an oak, mint, a camomile).
• You can practice ointments: aloe juice and honey mix in a 1: 3 ratio. Lubricate this ointment with tonsils. You can apply and just one juice of aloe.
• Effective and rinsing with a solution of sea salt (sea water). On a glass of soda room, or a little higher, the temperature put one - one and a half teaspoons of salt.
• Very good rinse with a decoction of the leaves of the nut, rich in iodine.
• Effectively lubricate the tonsils with propolis oil, which is done quite simply and at home. In three parts of vegetable oil, we introduce one part of propolis. Within 45 minutes, warm up in the oven or in a water bath, stirring. Leave some time to stand and drain. This composition is stored for a long time in a cool place.
• You can also lubricate the tonsils with apricot, almond and sea-buckthorn oil.

Prophylaxis of tonsill hypertrophy in children

Before proceeding with preventive measures to protect the body, from any kind of disease, it is necessary to organize an everyday day regimen for the baby.

The main prevention of tonsill hypertrophy in children is:

• Teach your baby to rinse your mouth after each meal.
• Minimize in everyday life the use of various household chemicals.
• Pay attention to hardening the whole body of the baby and the nasopharyngeal region in particular.
• If the baby is prone to allergic reactions - remove all irritants.
• Do not allow frequent colds and hypothermia of the body.
• Air in a room where the child is a lot of time does not have to be cold, dry and dusty. Often spend wet cleaning the apartment.
• If necessary, remove the adenoids from the child. This will restore the process of normal air flow through the nose, the baby will stop breathing only with his mouth. The effect of cold air and infection on the tonsils is significantly reduced.

Prognosis of tonsill hypertrophy in children

If there were no prescriptions for the operation, it is quite possible to cope with this disease both medically and not medically, and when you join the hardening procedures from this unpleasant illness you can get rid of forever.

If tonsillotomy is necessary, do not despair. This procedure takes a little time, the recovery period will take about a month, but the child will get a normal operation of the respiratory system and swallowing functions. The speech is normalized. Therefore, the prognosis of tonsillar hypertrophy in children even after surgery is positive. If the child is ten years old, then, often, the process of growth of the tonsils starts to reverse. Their size is normalized, the symptomatology is lost.

But there are cases when the involution slows down, then the result may be increased tonsils in an adult. The inflammatory process is not observed. In the future, the parameters of the tonsils will still decrease.

Hypertrophy of the tonsils in children can be perceived by parents as an everyday occurrence. However, do not relax and just let the situation run its course. If you do not take any measures to treat the tonsils, the consequences that will lead to complications can be severe: it is hearing loss, and cardiovascular and neurological disorders, speech defectiveness, eating problems, weight loss and stunted growth.

Therefore, in order to prevent such destruction in the body of the child, parents need to urgently turn to specialists, pass the diagnosis and start treatment. Be more attentive to your baby. After all, his problems are your problems.