Dysatria in children: forms, characteristics of the child, correction

Violations of speech in children 1-3 years usually do not cause parents special anxiety. Skipping sounds in words, improper or fuzzy pronunciation of consonants, intermittent speech for the time being seems even amusing. In addition, the good neighbors and grandmothers of the baby unanimously say that there is no reason to worry, by three years the baby will "speak out." When this does not happen for a long time, the mother with the surprised baby runs to the speech therapist, and then to the neurologist who makes his frightening verdict - dysarthria. But in recent times, dysarthria in children is not such a rarity, and the diagnosis itself does not give much hope for a cure.

Epidemiology

According to epidemiological studies, about 80% of cases are associated with impaired fetal development in the prenatal period, and birth trauma is already considered a secondary cause, which only complicates the situation, but in itself rarely leads to dysarthria.

As the statistics show, motor dysarthria in children, which, along with articulatory and phonetic features neurological symptoms, develops against the background of pathologies of intrauterine development. But a pure dysarthria of speech is much less common, and its development is associated with the birth trauma.

Dysarthria itself is not considered an independent disease, but is one of the manifestations of a child's developmental disorder under the influence of the above-described factors. Most often, dysarthria is one of the main symptoms in children's cerebral palsy.

So in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy, dysarthria is defined in 65-85% of cases. Wiped dysarthria, which manifests itself in the form of fuzzy pronunciation of whistling and hissing consonants, occurs in 25-30% of babies. As an independent disease in quite healthy children, dysarthria occurs only in 3-6% of cases.

The danger lies in the fact that this pathology tends to further growth, and hence the dysarthria in children is diagnosed every year with an increasing number of boys and girls.

[1], [2], [3], [4],

Causes of the dysarthria in the child

Dysarthria is one of the types of speech disturbance, when problems with pronunciation of sounds occur due to diseases of the nervous system and are caused by inadequate communication between the central nervous system and the articulatory apparatus. Pampering and unwillingness of the child to communicate normally there is nothing to do with it.

If the baby does not pronounce a couple of consonants, one can not even think about a serious pathology. Another thing, if his speech as a whole is indistinct and intermittent, the tempo and emotional coloring are broken, if during the conversation there are violations of the respiratory rhythm. If the speech of the baby resembles a conversation with a full mouth, this is already an excuse to worry, since dysarthria in children is often one of the symptoms of such an unpleasant pathology as cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy).

Many loving parents are concerned about the question of why it happened that their child had problems with soundproofing, which for some reason are very difficult to correct. Maybe they missed something, not having taught their son or daughter to speak correctly at an early age?

In fact, parents' guilt in the development of pathology is often not at all. At least, we are not talking about the shortcomings of speech training.

[5], [6]

Risk factors

The causes of dysarthria in children most often become factors that affect the development of the child in the perinatal period. Risk factors for the development of the disease can be:

• Toxicosis of pregnant women, which can make itself felt both in the first months of pregnancy, and much later (which is not so terrible in terms of the probability of developing the pathology of the brain in the fetus)
• Hypoxia of the fetus, resulting in the brain losing inadequate nutrients and oxygen, necessary for its proper development,
• Various diseases, especially the infectious plan, which the expectant mother had had in early pregnancy
• A wide range of chronic diseases of the mother, which developed before the conception of the child, but took place during the bearing of the baby. In this regard, any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and genitourinary system, as well as pulmonary tuberculosis
• Mental or physical trauma of a pregnant woman
• Radiation exposure during pregnancy
• Rhesus-conflict between mother and fetus, blood group mismatch
• Abuse of alcohol, nicotine and drugs in pregnancy

But not only the problems that arise in the prenatal period (especially in the first trimester) can provoke the development of dysarthria. The blame can be caused by birth injuries due to unsuccessful use of obstetrics, craniocerebral trauma in newborns due to inept actions of the clinic staff, cerebral hemorrhage caused by a pressure drop in cesarean section or pathologically fast delivery, asphyxia due to slow passage through the birth canal or as a result of the cord's entanglement.

The danger of washes the baby in the first months of independent life. Causes of dysarthria in children can be and transferred to infancy severe diseases, such as meningitis, hydrocephalitis, encephalitis, meningo-encephalitis, purulent otitis. And also if there was poisoning by products or chemicals or craniocerebral trauma in early childhood.

Sometimes the cause of severe speech disorders in a child may become premature pregnancy, although this happens very rarely. But cerebral palsy is considered the most common cause of dysarthria in babies. It is not excluded and congenital genetically determined pathologies of brain development, which often occur with poor heredity, hereditary pathologies of the nervous and neuromuscular systems.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of dysarthria is based on organic lesions of certain parts of the central and peripheral nervous system. Outwardly, such lesions are mainly manifested in the violation of pronunciation of sounds, words and sentences, although there are other symptoms that parents do not pay attention to for a time.

Ask, what does the nervous system have to do with speech activity? The fact is that the control of the motor activity of the articulatory apparatus is carried out by separate structures of the brain. These include the motor and peripheral nerves that go to the speech apparatus consisting of tongue, cheeks, palate, lips, pharynx, mandible, and larynx, diaphragm and musculature of the thorax.

Emotional speech operations such as laughter, screaming or crying are carried out through the nuclei of the peripheral nerves, which are located in the trunk and subcortical area of the brain. As for the motor mechanism of speech, it is conditioned by the work of other brain structures: subcortical cerebellar nuclei and conductive pathways responsible for muscle tone and the sequence of contractions of the speech muscles. For the ability of the speech apparatus to perform certain actions and its partial innervation, the cortical structures of the brain also respond.

Due to the organic damage of certain parts of the brain and the motor path of the nervous system associated with them, a complete transfer of nerve impulses becomes impossible, there is a decrease in sensitivity and muscular strength (paresis) or even paralysis of various parts of the speech apparatus. All this leads to violations of the pronunciation of sounds and words, changes in the timbre of voice and respiratory rhythm during conversation.

As we see, in order for a person to start speaking correctly and clearly, a well-coordinated work of the brain, central and peripheral nervous system is necessary.

Causes of lesions of the brain structures responsible for speech can be covered even in the prenatal period, but sometimes birth defects can play a role in the development of the disease, as well as serious illnesses borne in infancy.

[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Symptoms of the dysarthria in the child

Dysarthria in both adults and children does not arise from scratch. Usually its appearance is associated with a certain traumatic factor. That's only in adulthood, the disease does not lead to the disintegration of the entire speech system and does not affect the intellectual development of man. Adult patients with dysarthria adequately hear the conversation, do not lose their once acquired skills of writing and reading.

But for babies this pathology is more than serious, because it can cause the child to lag behind in development, poor school performance and the difficulties of socialization. Therefore, it is so important to pay attention in time to the first signs of dysarthria in order to start its treatment as soon as possible, so long as it did not negatively affect the child's future.

Speaking about various manifestations of dysarthria in preschool children, it is worth noting that the symptomatology of this disease is multifaceted and depends on which part of the brain and nervous system has suffered the most in its time.

The general symptoms of dysarthria in children, which can manifest themselves to a greater or lesser extent in different periods of a baby's life, are very likely to indicate the development of this pathology. But this does not mean that all the symptoms described should be present, there may be less or more of them. The latter occurs if the dysarthria develops against a background of another pathology.

So, parents should take their child to the examination to a specialist if they observe the following symptoms in the child:

• Later development of speech: the first words the child speaks at the age of 1,5-3 years, and phrases even later

• In the speech of the baby, there is an incorrect pronunciation of individual sounds or even syllables, which is difficult to correct
• Fixing the correct pronunciation of sounds (automation) requires considerably more time than usual
• During verbal communication, the child is hard to talk, he suffocates because his breathing becomes superficial and irregular
• There is a tendency to change the timbre of the voice, it becomes either too high, shifting to a squeak, or unusually muffled, quiet
• There is a feeling that the child has a stuffy nose, although this is not confirmed when examining the nasal passages
• The child does not pronounce some sounds, replace them with others, or skip at all, and this concerns both consonants and vowels
• There is an interdental or lateral pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds
• There is a stunning ringing and softening of solid consonants
• An unnaturally monotonous speech in a child, often without emotional coloring and a change in low and high tones
• The speech is either too fast, or very slow, and at the same time it's still the same incomprehensible
• Noticeable weakness of articulatory muscles. The child either squeezes his lips too tightly, or does not close them at all. There is significant salivation, not associated with teething. Sometimes a slightly open mouth may hang a tongue, the muscles of which are also not sufficiently innervated.

In addition to speech disorders in dysarthria, especially in children with cerebral palsy, other unpleasant symptoms can also be observed, some of which are seen in infancy. Observation of children with dysarthria in the postpartum period shows that such babies often show motor anxiety, sleep badly or the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness takes place. During feeding, they do not hold a breast or a nipple in their mouths, sucking movements are rather sluggish, the child becomes tired and falls asleep at the same time. Such babies are more often than others sucking and regurgitating milk, worse eating and gaining weight, and often completely give up breast because of difficulties with sucking.

A crumb can gradually lag behind in development. This manifests itself in such moments as the inability to hold the head for up to six months and concentrate on objects. The kid can start to crawl and walk late.

To complicate the situation can easily any serious illnesses suffered by the baby during this period. These are viral infections (eg, influenza), pneumonia, pyelonephritis, severe forms of gastrointestinal diseases, and the like. Catarrhal diseases with fever may be accompanied by convulsive syndrome in such children.

At the age of more than 1,5-2 years, there are other alarming symptoms, not related to the work of the speech device:

• Limited facial expressions, the child rarely smiles
• There are certain problems with chewing, a child can refuse solid food
• It is difficult for a baby to rinse his mouth after eating or brushing his teeth
• Noticeable clumsiness in movements, difficulty with performing physical exercises during charging, problems with performing dance moves and perception of music, its rhythm
• There may be involuntary uncontrolled movements (hyperkinesis) during conversation and other articulatory movements
• Cases of vomiting become more frequent
• Sometimes there is a trembling of the tip of the tongue.

In children with dysarthria on the background of cerebral palsy, paresis of the muscles not only of the speech apparatus but also of the trunk and extremities is often observed, which significantly reduces their cognitive activity and complicates the orientation in space. They also have paresis of the muscles responsible for eye movement, which is why the development of visual-spatial representations is inhibited, the functions of fixing the view on the subject and its active search are violated.

In many cases, emotional-volitional and secondary mental disorders occur. The manifestations of such disorders can be different:

• Increased anxiety
• Irritability and tearfulness
• Rapid fatigue and general exhaustion
• Lack of sense of humor
• The appearance of affective outbreaks, up to the behavior peculiar to psychopathy
• Propensity to read books and watch movies from the category of fighters or horrors with their inherent scenes of violence

In general, children with dysarthria are characterized by instability of the psyche, manifested in frequent and sudden change of mood and emotions.

Perception in children with dysarthria

The development of the child is inextricably linked with the feeding and perception of various information. The information can be perceived in three ways:

• Visual (looking at and evaluating the object)
• Audible (perception of speech by ear)
• Kinesthetic (study with the help of the senses: what is the object of taste, the smell, touch).

Dysarthria in children has difficulties with individual types of perception. Most often this concerns the visual or spatial perception, as well as the perception of speech by ear.

Disorders of visual perception in children with dysarthria are manifested as follows:

• The child does not distinguish between colors and shades
• There are difficulties in recognizing objects along the contour
• The kid finds it difficult to name the item, if in the picture it is crossed out

Disorders of spatial perception have a more extensive symptomatology:

• Insufficient knowledge of your body for a certain age
• Difficulties with the definitions of "right-left": at 3 years old the kid can not show where the right, and where the left pen or leg, and at 5 years can not show and voice their actions
• The child does not perceive the scheme of the person, can not show where the glazik, mouth, spout
• Violated the holistic perception of objects

In the middle and older preschool years, you can see that:

• The kid does not know how to observe proportions, and also analyze them
• The child can not correctly place the picture on a piece of paper
• The figure itself is characterized by generalized and poor details
• Such children are often painted as human beings like a kind of kolobok from the fairy tale of the same name

Disorders of visual and spatial perception are reflected in the speech of the child. Vocabulary in these kids is rather meager (especially with regard to nouns and adjectives), in conversation they rarely use adverbs indicating the location of objects (rear-front, top-bottom, right-left, etc.), and spatial prepositions (on , above, below, from under, etc.).

Assimilation and memorization of children deteriorates with increasing distance from the source of information, therefore it is recommended that children with dysarthria be put on the first desks.

Virtually all children with a diagnosis of "dysarthria" have a violation of attention. They do not have the perseverance, they can not deal with one thing for a long time, they tend to interrupt the interlocutor and the elders, they do not listen to the end of what they are told, easily distracted.

Because of problems with pronunciation of words and attention, children with dysarthria often do not perceive speech well if they are not supported by the possibility of visual perception. Because of this, verbal memory suffers, which is responsible for memorizing verbal information. In some cases, there are violations of other types of memory: visual, motor, motor.

[18], [19]

Motor in children with dysarthria

The development of a child with dysarthria has its own peculiarities, beginning with the first days of his "independent" life outside the womb of the mother. They later begin to keep their head upright, sit, crawl, stand, walk, after their healthy peers. They have significantly reduced interest in the environment, despite the restlessness and mobility, there is no desire to communicate with adults (there is no "revitalization complex" when the baby sees relatives). Up to a year, such babies can not distinguish native people from strangers.

Dysarthria in young children is manifested in the fact that they are not attracted to toys, even if they are in the hands of the mother or hang over the crib, the child does not pay attention to them, does not follow their movement. Such children do not know how to communicate with gestures, and their speech activity is much more difficult, which makes speech incomprehensible to others.

It is clear that all these deviations in development can not but affect the first conscious movements of hands - a grasp, with which children will know the world, perceiving objects by touch. With dysarthria, active snapping in babies is absent. There is no correct perception of the size and shape of the object, and therefore both large and small objects, as well as objects of various shapes, the child tries to take, equally placing his fingers. This suggests that the children do not develop visual-spatial coordination.

Violated in such children and objective activity. Even if they pick up an object or toy, they are not interested in what it is and what it is intended for. A child aged 3-6 years may incorrectly hold the object and perform actions that contradict the common sense or purpose of the object (knocking the doll on the table, stacking the pyramid in the wrong order, etc.). It is these inadequate actions with objects that make it possible to recognize the dysarthyria in a baby.

In younger preschool age, dysarthria in children is manifested in the underdevelopment of the motor sphere. This can be seen from the awkward, inaccurate, poorly coordinated movements, the weakness of muscle strength, the poor sense of tempo, the lack of rhythm of involuntary movements, the difficulty of performing work on oral instruction. Such babies sometimes can not hold the object in their hands, keep it either not strong enough, or exert excessive effort. Very often kids with dysarthria prefer to work with one hand.

Preschool children have poorly developed fine motor skills, although by the age of 6, interest in studying the surrounding world is already quite strong. Difficulties arise when performing fine differentiated movements of fingers and hands, for example during lacing of shoes or tying shoelaces, dressing, buttoning up buttons.

Problems arise in labor activity. For example, in the lessons of labor in such children it is impossible to mold a figure out of plasticine, corresponding to the task or at least similar to something concrete. They do not control their movements and the force of compression.

To pathologies of development of fine motor skills in children with dysarthria, it is possible to relate:

• Inadequate flexibility of hands
• Weak muscle strength
• One-sided violation of fine motor skills, when the child constantly acts with one hand, only occasionally including a second
• Involuntary convulsive contractions of the arms, shoulders, head and facial muscles, as well as trembling of the hands. Convulsive movements can be either abrupt, intermittent, or slow, pulling
• Movement of the tongue can be accompanied by parallel movement of the fingers (often with the thumb of the right hand)

Disadvantages in the development of motor skills may be slightly different in children with different types of dysarthria.

Features of grapho-motor skills in children with dysarthria

The development of grapho-motor skills in children depends on several factors:

• Development of general motor skills in early childhood
• Good fine motor skills (work of hands and fingers)
• Skills of series of movements
• Development of visual-spatial representations
• Training of visual, motor and motor memory

As we can see from all the above, it is not necessary to talk about sufficient development of grapho-motor skills in children with dysarthria without special occupations.

Features of grapho-motor skills in children with dysarthria are usually considered:

• Difficulties in visual activity (difficulties with holding a pencil, using scissors, controlling the force of pressure on paper)
• Problems with performing actions that require precision and synchrony (drawing, pasting, folding, tying, etc.)
• Difficulties with spatial perception and transfer of the position of the object on paper, as well as the correlation and preservation of proportions
• Drawing lines with intermittent, uneven movements
• Impossibility to draw a clear straight line when drawing geometric figures and printed letters. Slowness in the task

Dysarthria in different children can have their manifestations. Much depends on the type of disease and severity of the pathology, as well as on the concomitant diseases.

[20], [21]

Forms

Classification of dysarthria can be carried out on several parameters:

• By degree of severity
• By the degree of clarity of speech
• On the basis of the existing symptoms (syndromological approach)
• Localization of brain and nervous system damage

In terms of severity, they are:

• Anarthria (inability to talk)
• Actually, the dysarthria (the child talks, but his speech is indistinct, incomprehensible to others, there are violations of breathing, but there is no emotional expressiveness)
• Wiped dysarthria (all dysarthria symptoms are present, including neurological, but in unexpressed form). The erased form of dysarthria in children occurs quite often, but in this case, due to understandable circumstances, it often goes unnoticed by the parents of the baby, who can not do without the help of a speech therapist.

According to the degree of intelligibility of speech (in terms of severity of pathology), four stages of the disease are distinguished:

1. The easiest degree is when a speech is diagnosed by a doctor at a survey. Light dysarthria in children is not widespread, usually violations are more serious and are noticeable without the help of a doctor in the form of a violation of the pronunciation of vowels and consonant sounds, as well as neurological symptoms
2. The average severity of the pathology, if the pronunciations of the sounds are obvious, but the speech is quite understandable
3. Heavy degree, when the child's speech is not clear for others
4. Extremely severe degree, in which speech is either completely absent, or it is almost incomprehensible even to close people.

The syndromological approach, taking into account neurological symptoms, distinguishes the following types of dysarthria in children and adults:

• Spastico-paretic is most often diagnosed in young children with bilateral damage to pyramidal pathways.

Symptomatics in general is similar to pseudobulbar paralysis. This is a violation of sound and articulation (from early childhood, a small number of sounds, no onomatopoeia, increased tone of various muscles in conversation, problems with pronunciation of anterolong consonants, nasal shade in vowels, slowed speech, crying or husky voice), arrhythmic breathing, involuntary movements, problems with the development of voluntary motor skills, etc.

• Spastic-rigid is observed in children with bilateral paresis of extremities.

Symptoms: increased tonus of the upper body, speech and swallowing is given with effort, chewing movements are replaced by sucking, drinking and biting are difficult, articulation is limited, mimicry is meager, voice is deaf, strained, the pronunciation of all sounds is broken, speech is indistinct.

• Spastic-hyperkinetic in children is diagnosed with hyperkinetic form of cerebral palsy.

Symptoms: hyperkinesia of the muscles of the tongue and face, the non-affirmation of the sound production do not differ in uniformity, speech is obscure, the processes of chewing and swallowing are broken, there is no salivation, noticeable breathing disorders during conversation, voice vibrating with interruptions and varying height and sometimes force.

• Spastic-atactic dysarthria is characterized by an atonic-astatic form of cerebral palsy.

Symptoms: loss of coordination of voluntary muscular actions (chanting rhythm of speech, inaccuracy of performing articulatory movements, inconsistency of the actions of the lips and tongue, speech slowed down).

• Atactic-hyperkinetic
• Spastic-atactic-hyperkinetic

The most common classification in the literature in terms of the degree of lesion localization is the following dysarthria:

• Pseudobulbar
• Bulbarnaya
• Cerebellar
• Cork
• Subcortical (extrapyramidal)

Pseudobulbar dysarthria is considered the most common pathology in young children, but it develops more often against the background of another "popular" pathology - infantile cerebral palsy.

There is a pathology due to the general paralysis of the muscles due to the impact of various negative factors in different periods of the child's development. The first signs are seen already in infancy in the form of a weak squeak and an underdeveloped sucking reflex, weak retention of the breast in the mouth, drooling, popperhivaniya during feeding.

In younger preschool age, motor disorders of the speech apparatus become more pronounced. A crumb does not correctly pronounce sounds, because he misread them by ear. Problems arise with the pronunciation of polysyllabic words (from 4 syllables and more). The child misses syllables, greases words in which there are more than 2 consonants in a row.

In children with this type of dysarthria, the face is strained, the tongue is deflected backward, and inadequate movements of the eyes and eyebrows are sometimes observed. The voice is weak, often hoarse or hoarse.

Usually little ones do not know how to jump, run, serve themselves (get dressed and put on shoes).

The most disturbed are arbitrary movements and subtle movements of the tip of the tongue. And yet some articulatory functions are preserved. Kids can laugh, cry, scream, lick their lips, make sonorous sounds, which is often observed during feeding.

Bulbar dysarthria can develop as a result of the inflammatory process in the medulla oblongata or if there are neoplasms in it.

It is characterized by paralysis of facial musculature, as well as muscles of the tongue, lips and soft palate. At the same time, a slow indecipherable speech is observed in the absence of mimicry, difficulties with swallowing, a weak voice, fading, are characterized by stunning vowels and sonorous consonants.

In children, this type of dysarthria is practically not found.

Cerebrospinal dysarthria in children also occurs infrequently. It is associated with cerebellar lesions and disruption of its connection with other brain structures.

The disease manifests itself in the form of a nasal, delayed, intermittent speech with sharp cries and fading (chanting rhythm of speech). There is no emotional color in the conversation.

Cortical dysarthria in children occurs due to disruption of the work of the cortex, responsible for articulation. Depending on which parts of the cerebral cortex are affected, it is subdivided into kinesthetic postcentral and kinetic premotor.

In terms of colloquial speech, violations are seen in the pronunciation of individual sounds, although the structure of the word remains true. In this case, the child sounds the individual sounds correctly, but distorts the words. For postcentral dysarthria, sounds are replaced in words, for premotorny - delay in pronunciation of syllables, skipping or adding unnecessary sounds, if 2 consonants go in succession.

At a fast rate of speech, there is stuttering. There is also a light paresis of the hands, manifested in the form of muscle weakness.

Subcortical dysarthria occurs due to the defeat of subcortical nodes (subcortical nuclei and their neural connections). It is characterized by violations of melody (tempo, rhythm and intonation) speech.

A distinctive feature is still the unevenness of speech. The child can talk for a while normally, clearly pronouncing words and sounds, and then abruptly move to an inarticulate whisper, which is the result of articulatory spasm. This is due to the fact that the tone of the muscles of the child's speech apparatus is constantly changing, there are involuntary movements that distort speech. Articulation of vowel sounds is often disturbed more than consonants.

Sometimes in the literature there are still parkinsonic and cold dysarthria, but they refer to pathologies that develop in older people against certain diseases (Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis).

Shabby form of dysarthria

Dysarthria in children today is not a rare phenomenon, and most often the speech therapist is confronted with its erased form. The insidiousness of this pathology is that parents can for a long time not pay attention to the underdevelopment of the child's speech, writing off everything at a small age, when violations of sound reproduction are not uncommon.

An erased dysarthria is found in children, usually after 5 years, despite the fact that many babies who have suffered ancestral injuries or illnesses at an early age of one year are observed with a neurologist. Slurred speech with missing and replaced sounds, drooling during a conversation and lack of cognitive interest for the time being do not cause much concern. Problems begin when the child needs to be prepared for school.

Parents and teachers are faced with the fact that babies with indistinct speech in some parameters lag behind their peers. They are hardly given movement to music, they are slow and awkward, quickly tired, do not know how to imitate, repeating the movements behind the educator. Self-service skills are given to sick kids very hard. In the classroom, children do not hold a pencil, they have difficulty in drawing, making appliqués and modeling plasticine.

But in school such difficulties will lead to poor academic performance and the need to study in special institutions.

The problem, of course, can be corrected, but this will require long regular individual lessons with the baby, in which both a speech therapist and loving parents take part.

[22], [23], [24]

Complications and consequences

When it comes to dysarthria, as an organic lesion of the brain that has arisen in prenatal or early childhood on the background of other pathologies, then, as a rule, speech does not go about the complications of this disease. Problems begin if further development, due to lack of treatment, receives a major disease that hinders the child's mental and physical development.

But the consequences of the disease should be discussed in more detail, so that the parents of such kids realize what difficulties their son or daughter will have to face later in life if mom and dad do not estimate the scale of the problem on time and seek the necessary help. And it is desirable to do this in early childhood, when there are only "first swallows", foreshadowing troubles in the future.

So, the lack of interest in the environment at an early age inhibits the development of the child, and in particular of his cognitive abilities. Hence the violation of the visual-spatial orientation, the lack of knowledge about the forms and properties of the subject, underdevelopment of various types of memory, which negatively affects the baby's motor function. And this is a problem with self-service and training.

Bad graph-motor skills are the cause of poor academic performance, because, along with listening, the letter suffers. Poor assimilation of the junior school program makes it impossible to study in an ordinary school, although in the intellectual plan such a child may not lag behind their peers.

The older the child becomes, the deeper he becomes aware of his inferiority. Violations of speech can cause discomfort in communicating with children and adults, which in adolescence leads to the fact that a guy or a girl is separated from peers, become withdrawn and uncommunicative.

Slurred speech, and even with some neurological symptoms, creates difficulties in further socialization, when it comes time to acquire a profession. And this is a change of educational institution, where you are already accustomed to your shortcomings, to another where it is not known how they will accept it.

In the future, certain difficulties can arise during work, where it is impossible to do without communication and the performance of certain tasks. But it was with this in the case of dysarthria in children that problems arose, and those that remained unresolved.

Unintelligible speech and clumsiness often causes irritation among others, which negatively affects the psychoemotional state of a person with disturbances in sound reproduction and coordination. It is difficult for a person to have a family, good friends, to get a decent job (but nobody canceled dreams!), Hence the sense of uselessness, depression, isolation from society.

I think we can not continue. Do loving parents wish for such a fate for their long-awaited crumbs? But everything can be changed. Dysatria in children is not a verdict at all. If you can not even get rid of life-spoiling illness, then noticeably adjust the state of the baby, allowing him to communicate normally with others, can still in most cases. Is this not a reason to fight for the future of your child?

[25], [26], [27]