Diseases of the eyes (ophthalmology)

This category covers eye diseases ophthalmology with symptoms, causes, diagnostics, treatment options, and prevention basics.

Chlamydial conjunctivitis in children: diagnosis and treatment

The disease is associated with a maternal urogenital chlamydial infection. Chlamydial conjunctivitis accounts for up to 40% of all neonatal conjunctivitis cases. The condition develops acutely on days 5-10 postpartum, typically affecting one eye. A copious, fluid, blood-tinged discharge appears in the conjunctival sac.

Bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis in children: diagnosis and treatment

Acute purulent conjunctivitis is characterized by rapid progression and involvement of both eyes. The eyelids are swollen, with copious, purulent discharge. The conjunctiva is markedly hyperemic, edematous, infiltrated, and gathers into folds. Severe conjunctival chemosis is often observed. Keratitis develops in 15-40% of cases, initially superficial.

Conjunctivitis and keratitis in children: symptoms and treatment

Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the conjunctiva to various stimuli. It is characterized by hyperemia and edema, discharge from the conjunctiva, and the formation of follicles or papillae on it. Conjunctivitis may be accompanied by swelling and itching of the eyelids, corneal damage, and decreased vision.

Poor vision in children: causes and examination

The main causes of blindness and low vision and their incidence vary across the world, driven by a number of factors (socioeconomic, demographic, geoclimatic, etc.), as well as the level of medical care and, in particular, the state of pediatric ophthalmology services. The prevalence of childhood blindness worldwide is approximately 1.3 million, and the prevalence of visually impaired people is 5.2 million.

Nystagmus in children: causes and treatment

Nystagmus is a rhythmic oscillatory movement of one or both eyes around one or more axes. The movements can be pendulum-like (rhythmic) or jerky (with phases of oscillation varying in speed).

Strabismus in Children: Causes and Correction

Strabismus is a disorder of different nature affecting the oculomotor and visual systems, in which one eye deviates from the common fixation point, leading to impairment of monocular and binocular visual functions.

Myopia: Diagnosis, Correction, Glasses, Lenses, and Surgery

In congenital myopia, early and correct correction is particularly important as the primary means of preventing and treating amblyopia. The earlier glasses are prescribed, the higher the corrected visual acuity and the lesser the degree of amblyopia. Congenital myopia must be identified and corrected within the first year of life.

Myopia: Symptoms of Nearsightedness and Signs of Progression

Both congenital and acquired myopia, in the case of a progressive course, can reach high degrees and be accompanied by the development of complications in the fundus - both in the posterior pole and in the periphery.

Myopia in Children: Diagnosis and Correction

Nearsightedness (myopia) is a type of disproportionate refraction in which parallel rays of light, refracted by the optical system of the eye, are focused in front of the retina.

Refractive errors in children: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

Clinical refraction characterizes the proportionality of the optical power of the eye and its anteroposterior axis (the distance from the apex of the cornea to the central fovea of the retina). Clinical refraction is understood as the position of the main focus of the eye relative to the retina.

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