Crimean haemorrhagic fever in children

Crimean hemorrhagic fever is a natural focal viral disease transmitted by ixodid mites. The disease is accompanied by a fever. Severe intoxication and hemorrhagic syndrome.

ICD-10 code

A98.0 Crimean hemorrhagic fever.

Epidemiology

The reservoir and vector of infection is a large group of ixodid ticks, in whom transvarial transmission of the virus is established. The source of infection can be mammals (goats, cows, hares, etc.) with erased forms of disease or carrier of the virus. A person becomes infected with a bite of ixodid ticks. It is possible to infect humans by contact with vomit or blood of sick people, as well as with the blood of sick animals. The spring-summer seasonality of morbidity is determined by the activity of tick-carriers.

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Causes of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in children

Pathogen - RNA-containing virus from the family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, diameter 92-96 nm. The virus can be isolated from the blood of patients in a feverish period, as well as from a suspension of mites - carriers of the disease.

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Pathogenesis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in children

Pathogenesis is the same as with Omsk hemorrhagic fever and HFRS. The virus mainly affects the endothelium of small vessels of the kidneys, liver and central nervous system, which leads to an increase in the permeability of the vascular wall, a breach of the blood coagulation system by the type of DIC syndrome and the appearance of hemorrhagic diathesis. Macroscopically find multiple hemorrhages in the internal organs, as well as in the skin and mucous membranes. They fit into the picture of acute infectious vasculitis with extensive dystrophic changes and foci of necrosis.

Symptoms of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in children

The incubation period lasts from 2 to 14 days, usually 3-6 days. The disease begins acutely or even suddenly with an increase in body temperature to 39-40 ° C, chills, severe headache, general weakness, weakness, aches all over the body, muscle aches. Frequent pain in the abdomen and lower back, nausea, vomiting. The face of the patient, the neck and mucous membranes of the throat are hyperemic, the vessels of the sclera and conjunctiva are injected. This is the so-called initial period of the disease. Its duration is about 3-5 days. Then the body temperature decreases, which coincides with the appearance of hemorrhagic diathesis in the form of petechial rashes on the skin, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, nosebleeds, hematomas at the injection sites. In especially severe cases, there may be uterine and gastrointestinal bleeding.

Diagnosis of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in children

Diagnose on the basis of hemorrhagic manifestations against the background of general toxicosis, changes in blood and urinary sediment. Epidemiological anamnesis also matters. For laboratory confirmation, methods are used to detect the virus and detect the growth of the titer of specific antibodies in the dynamics of the disease in DSC, RNGA, and others.

Crimean hemorrhagic fever is differentiated with influenza, typhus, leptospirosis, capillarotoxicosis, acute leukemia, Omsk and other hemorrhagic fevers.

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Treatment of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in children

Same as with hemorrhagic fever with kidney syndrome and Omsk hemorrhagic fever.

Prevention

Same as with Omsk hemorrhagic fever and HFRS. Active immunization is not developed.