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Coagulopathy
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Coagulopathy includes a symptom complex that develops with functional or morphological changes in the system of regulation of the aggregate state of the blood (the coagulation system is its functional part).
The coagulation system is maintained by a constant balance between thrombogenesis factors and anticoagulants (normocoagulation), which keeps blood fluidity and the ability to perform basic functions. Any imbalance caused by congenital or acquired pathology, hemopoiesis and blood vessels, leads to the development of two pathological processes: hypercoagulation and hypocoagulation. Coagulopathy can be quantitative (deficiency or surplus of some factor of blood coagulation) and qualitative (changes in activity or structure of factors). Coagulopathy can be hereditary or congenital (genetic defects) or acquired (the effect of chemical toxic substances, infections, intoxications, disruption of protein and lipid metabolism, cancer, hemolysis, etc.). But of the acquired disorders the most frequent are thrombocytopenia associated with impaired bone marrow function (hypoplastic anemia) or with excessive destruction of platelets (Werlhof's disease), thrombocytopathy, severe liver pathology with impaired prothrombin function and hypovitaminosis K (V) -Auren syndrome.
Diagnosis of coagulopathy based on clinical manifestations: for hypocoagulation conditions characterized by increased bleeding, bruising; for hypercoagulable states of thrombus formation and laboratory studies. From instrumental studies, thromboelastography can be used.
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