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Classification of osteoporosis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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A single classification of osteoporosis, including osteoporosis in childhood, does not exist. Different approaches to classifications of osteoporosis reflect various pathophysiological, morphological, etiological criteria.
In the practice of a doctor, the classification of osteoporosis, constructed according to the etiopathogenetic principle, is more often used. It assumes the division of osteoporosis into primary, non-mediated, medication, external environment, and secondary, including the effects of the listed causes.
This classification was adopted at a meeting of the Russian Association for Osteoporosis (1997), supplemented by NA. Korovina and co-workers. (2000). Classification of osteoporosis.
- Primary osteoporosis.
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis (type 1).
- Senile osteoporosis (type 2).
- Juvenile osteoporosis.
- Idiopathic osteoporosis.
- Secondary osteoporosis.
- Associated with diseases of the endocrine system:
- endogenous hypercorticism (illness and syndrome of Itenko-Cushing);
- thyrotoxicosis;
- hypogonadism;
- hyperparathyroidism;
- diabetes mellitus (type 1);
- hypopituitarism, polyglandular insufficiency.
- Associated with rheumatic diseases:
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE);
- ankylosing spondylitis.
- Associated with diseases of the digestive system:
- a resected stomach;
- malabsorption;
- chronic liver diseases.
- Associated with kidney disease:
- chronic renal insufficiency;
- renal tubular acidosis;
- Fanconi syndrome;
- phosphate-diabetes.
- Associated with blood diseases:
- myeloma;
- thalassemia;
- systemic mastocytosis;
- leukemias and lymphomas.
- Associated with other diseases and conditions:
- immobilization (prolonged bed rest, paralysis);
- ovariectomy;
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
- alcoholism;
- anorexia nervosa.
- malnutrition;
- kidney transplantation.
- Associated with genetic disorders:
- imperfect osteogenesis;
- Marfan syndrome;
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome;
- homocystinuria.
- Associated with the use of medicines;
- immunosuppressants;
- heparin;
- aluminum containing aitacids.
- anticonvulsants.
- preparations of thyroid hormones.
- Associated with diseases of the endocrine system:
It should be noted that the introduction and improvement of new methods for diagnosing osteoporosis made it possible to recognize the decrease in BMD in children with diseases not listed in this classification.
- With juvenile dermatomyositis, scleroderma (Golovanova N.Yu., 2006).
- With Crohn's disease, nonspecific ulcerative colitis (Yablokova EA, 2006).
- With glomerulonephritis (Ignatova MS, 1989; Korovina NA, 2005).
- • With the Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome (Yurasova Yu.B., 2008), etc.
The structure of osteoporosis in adults is dominated by primary (postmenopausal) osteoporosis. In childhood, secondary, medicamentous, osteoporosis, caused by the use of glucocorticosteroids, is most common.
Primary juvenile osteoporosis is diagnosed after exclusion of its inducing diseases. It is characterized by a generalized decrease in BMD due to a decrease in the intensity of bone formation.
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