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Classification of aplastic anemia
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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Depending on whether there is isolated suppression of the erythroid lineage or all lineages, partial and total forms of aplastic anemia are distinguished. They are accompanied by isolated anemia or pancytopenia, respectively. The following variants of the disease are distinguished.
Hereditary aplastic anemia.
- Hereditary aplastic anemia with general damage to hematopoiesis.
- Hereditary aplastic anemia with general damage to hematopoiesis and congenital developmental anomalies (Fanconi anemia).
- Hereditary familial aplastic anemia with general hematopoiesis disorder without congenital developmental anomalies (Estren-Dameshek anemia).
- Hereditary partial aplastic anemia with selective erythropoiesis deficiency (Blackfan-Diamond anemia).
Acquired aplastic anemia.
- With general damage to hematopoiesis.
- Acute aplastic anemia.
- Subacute aplastic anemia.
- Chronic aplastic anemia.
- With selective damage to erythropoiesis (partial, pure acquired red cell aplastic anemia).
The modern classification distinguishes the following forms of hematopoietic aplasia:
Acquired anemia.
Idiopathic (87%).
Secondary (13%):
- post-viral
- posthepatitis (non-A, non-B, non-C virus) - 6%
- Epstein-Barr virus infection - others (Dengue, parvovirus);
- idiosyncratic (medicinal):
- chloramphenicol, ticlopidine, NSAIDs, etc.;
- myelotoxic (accidental): busulfan, radiation injury;
- against the background of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
- after liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis.
Congenital anemias:
- Fanconi anemia.
- Congenital dyskeratosis.
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.
- Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
- Reticular dysgenesis.
- Unclassifiable family.
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