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Causes of malabsorption
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Disorders of cavitary digestion occur when the activity of some of the enzymes of the small intestine, enteropeptidase, duodenase, changes. In addition, a change in heterophase in the lumen of the gut, motor activity, the number of incoming digestive substrates, the activity of regulatory peptides, the composition of food can disrupt cavity digestion. A number of hormone-active tumors that produce regulatory peptides (gastrinoma, vipoma, somatostatinoma, etc.), which occur with a pronounced digestive disorder, are known. The classical variant of changing the splitting of food in the lumen of the small intestine is cystic fibrosis, when the activity of pancreatic enzymes is sharply reduced, the viscosity of secrets is violated. A lot of infectious and parasitic diseases occur with violation of the processes of hydrolysis and absorption in the gut.
Parietal and membrane hydrolysis and absorption of nutrients depend on many factors, including the activity of enzyme and transport systems, the state of mucin, the composition of the microflora, the structure of the components of the mucous membrane, etc. The functional activity of the enterocyte depends on its topography on the villi, the condition of the mural layer of mucus, the characteristics of structural components, the rate of renewal and migration, the degree of differentiation and maturation of cells, the state of microvilli (glycocalyx).
Violations of the structural components of the small intestine, a decrease in the area of absorption lead to the formation of malabsorption syndrome, in connection with which, with small intestine syndrome (congenital or post-resection), villi atrophy with celiac disease, infectious processes, giardiasis, exposure to certain medications and radiation, deficiency of disaccharidases severe violations of metabolic processes, the physical and neuro-psychological development of the child suffers.
Known conditions associated with the function of the circulatory and lymphatic systems of the intestine, leading to the development of malabsorption syndrome. Congenital lymphangiectasia leads to a severe loss of proteins, lipids, calcium through the digestive tract.
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