Medical expert of the article
New publications
Anxiously avoidant type of attachment
Last reviewed: 07.06.2024
![Fact-checked](/sites/default/files/fact-checked.png)
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
![](https://iliveok.com/sites/default/files/styles/term_image/public/gallery/trevozhno-izbegayushchiy-tip-privyazannosti.jpg?itok=CpDieKF3)
Anxious Avoidant Attachment (also known as Fearful-Avoidant Attachment or Disorganized Attachment) is one of the four major attachment types in attachment theory developed by Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby. This type of attachment is characterized by a combination of anxiety and avoidance in relationships with significant others. Anxious avoidant individuals may exhibit the following characteristics:
- Anxiety: An xiously avoidant people often experience anxiety in relationships. They may fear closeness and being too dependent on others, but at the same time have a strong desire to be close to someone.
- Avoidance of intimacy: They may avoid expressing their feelings and needs to avoid becoming vulnerable. Sometimes they may suppress their emotions and create emotional distance between themselves and others.
- Unclear Behavior: Anxious avoidant individuals may exhibit unclear and inconsistent behavior in relationships. They may shy away from relationships but return to them, which can create confusion in partners.
- Disorganized Strategies: They may employ disorganized strategies in dealing with others without a clear pattern of relationships. This can create confusion and unpredictability.
Anxious avoidant attachment is usually formed in early childhood based on experiences with parents or caregivers. For example, a child may develop this type of attachment if his or her needs for care and attention have been uncoordinated, or if he or she has witnessed or been the victim of violence or trauma.
People with an anxious avoidant attachment type may have difficulty establishing and maintaining close relationships. The good news is that with therapy and self-awareness, they can develop healthier and more stable relationships. Therapy that focuses on working with attachment and emotional regulation can help them deal with their anxiety and avoidance in relationships.
Four basic types of attachment
Attachment theory, developed by Mary Ainsworth and elaborated on by John Bowlby and other researchers, identifies four basic types of attachment. These types describe how people perceive and respond to close relationships. The basic types of attachment include:
- Secure Attachment: People with Secure Attachment tend to feel comfortable in close relationships. They trust their loved ones, bond easily, and are able to express their emotions and needs. They are not afraid of intimacy and do not fear rejection.
- AvoidantAttachment: People with Avoidant Attachment often avoid close relationships and intimacy. They may hide their emotions and prefer independence. This type of attachment may be the result of experiences of rejection or lack of support in childhood.
- Anxious-Preoccupied Attachment: People withan ambivalent attachment type may experience anxiety and insecurity in close relationships. They often fear rejection and may be highly dependent on their partners. They may experience strong emotions and anxiety in relationships.
- Disorganized or Fearful-Avoidant Attachment: This type of attachment is characterized by complex and unstable attitudes toward close relationships. People with disorganized attachment may experience anxiety, avoidance, and mixed feelings and uncoordinated reactions in relationships.
These attachment types may be formed in childhood, depending on experiences with parents or caregivers. However, they are not rigid categories, and many people may have mixed traits of different attachment types. Attachment type can influence a person's ability to establish and maintain close relationships in adulthood, but attachment traits can also change with experience and personal growth.
Reasons
An anxiously avoidant type of attachment may form in early childhood and may be based on a child's experiences with parents, caregivers, or primary caregivers. A few common causes that may contribute to the development of an anxiously avoidant type of attachment include:
- Emotional Attention Deficit Disorder: If a child does not receive enough emotional support and attention from parents or caregivers in early childhood, he or she may develop anxiety and fears about his or her worth and ability to get attention.
- Inconsistent parental responses: When parents respond to a child's emotional needs in an inconsistent or inadequate manner, it can cause the child to become anxious and unpredictable in the relationship.
- TraumaticEvents: Traumatic events such as parental divorce, death of a loved one, or physical or emotional abuse can create fears and anxiety related to intimacy and relationships.
- Unmet Needs for Attention and Care: If a child feels that his or her needs for attention, care, and safety are not being met, he or she may develop a fear of intimacy and become prone to avoidance.
- Modeling Behavior: Observing parents or other adults who exhibit anxious or avoidant patterns of behavior in relationships can influence the development of similar attachment styles in the child.
- Genetic Factors: Some research suggests that genetic factors may play a role in shaping attachment styles.
It is important to note that the anxious avoidant type of attachment is not necessarily related to one specific cause and can be the result of a combination of factors. This type of attachment is formed in early childhood and can influence a person's adult relationships and behaviors. However, with therapy and self-awareness, people can develop healthier and more satisfying relationships.
Signs of an anxious avoidant type of attachment
Anxious avoidant attachment, like other types of attachment, can occur in both men and women. This type of attachment is characterized by a combination of anxiety and avoidance of close relationships. Women with this type of attachment may exhibit the following traits:
- Severe Anxiety: Women with an anxious avoidant attachment type may often experience anxious thoughts and worries about close relationships. They may fear rejection, betrayal, or imposition.
- Avoidance of intimacy: One characteristic of this type of attachment is the avoidance of intimate relationships. Women may try to avoid close contact and emotional openness to prevent possible disappointment and pain.
- Difficulty in establishing and maintaining close relationships: Women with anxious avoidant attachment type may have difficulty establishing long-term and deep relationships. They may be prone to changing partners frequently or avoiding involvement in serious relationships.
- Low self-esteem: Women with this type of attachment may have low self-esteem and feelings of unworthiness. These negative beliefs may affect their ability to build healthy relationships.
- Fear of intimacy: They may feel fear of closeness and intimacy, which can make it difficult to develop close relationships.
- Ability to Change: Despite the difficulties associated with the anxious avoidant attachment type, women can change their relationships and become more open and comfortable in intimate relationships through therapy and self-development.
Compatibility of avoidant and anxious attachment types
The avoidant attachment type and the anxious attachment type can occur in a relationship, but their compatibility can be challenging. It is important to understand the dynamics that can arise when these two attachment types interact:
- Differences in closeness: The avoidant attachment type tends to seek more independence and avoid too close a relationship. While the anxious attachment type may have a strong desire for closeness and dependence on their partner. These differences in comfort level with intimacy can cause tension.
- Communication difficulties: Avoidant people may be less likely to communicate openly and express their emotions, while anxious people may seek more intense and emotional communication. This difference in communication can lead to miscommunication and conflict.
- Coping: Avoidant people may tend to avoid conflict and emotional situations, whereas anxious people may be more active in seeking solutions and engaging in conversations about problems. These differences in referential strategies may cause misunderstandings.
- Fear of intimacy and rejection: Avoidant people may fear intimacy and fear potential rejection, which can create a wall in the relationship. Anxious people, on the other hand, may experience fear of intimacy because of the potential loss of a partner.
Despite these potential challenges, it is important to remember that compatibility in a relationship depends on many factors, including maturity level and willingness to work on the relationship. Mixed types of attachment can also have benefits, such as a balance between independence and intimacy.
It is important that partners with different attachment types communicate openly, understand their differences, and work to resolve conflicts. Psychotherapeutic support and couples therapy can be helpful to better understand each other and strengthen the relationship.
Examples of anxious avoidant attachment type
Examples of the anxiously avoidant attachment type may include the following scenarios and behavioral traits:
- Avoidance of close relationships: A person with an anxious avoidant attachment type may often avoid close relationships or try to maintain an emotional distance from others.
- Trust difficulties: He may have difficultytrusting others and feel vulnerable at the thought of being betrayed or abandoned.
- Severe Anxiety: A person with this type of attachment may experience frequent anxious thoughts related to close relationships. He or she may worry about possible disappointments or conflicts.
- Avoidance of emotional openness: He may avoid expressing his emotions and feelings, preferring to hide them from others.
- Feelingsof unworthiness: A person with an anxious avoidant attachment type may experience low self-esteem and feelings of unworthiness, which prevents them from building healthy relationships.
- Ability to change: Despite his difficulties, he can work on himself and his relationships, gradually becoming more open and comfortable in intimate relationships.
- Difficulty establishing and maintaining long-term relationships: A person with this attachment type may have difficulty establishing stable and long-term relationships because of their tendency to avoid intimacy.
- Fear of rejection: He may feel fear of rejection and avoid situations that could lead to potential loss or breakdown of the relationship.
- Independence: A person with an anxious avoidant attachment type may value their independence and prefer to solve their problems on their own.
These examples may help to better understand how the anxious avoidant type of attachment manifests itself in behavior and relationships. However, it is important to remember that each person is unique, and attachment can manifest itself in different forms and at different levels of intensity.
Test for anxious avoidant attachment type
Can help you better understand your attachment style in relationships. Here are some questions you can ask yourself:
- How do I respond to closeness and intimacy? Consider what feelings and reactions you have to being close to others. Do you feel afraid, anxious, or uncomfortable when someone tries to get close to you emotionally or physically?
- How do I express my feelings and emotions? Think about how openly and honestly you express your feelings and emotions to others. Do you tend to hide your true feelings or suppress them?
- How do I respond to conflict in a relationship? Notice how you usually react to conflicts or disagreements in relationships. Do you tend to avoid conflict and try to maintain harmony through your own compromises?
- What are my expectations of a relationship? Try to determine what expectations you have of close relationships. Do you expect to be betrayed or rejected and how does this affect your actions?
- How do I build and maintain long-term relationships? Think about how you build and maintain long-term relationships. Do you tend to come back into a relationship after breaks or estrangements, or do you tend to constantly change partners?
- What experiences or events in my life may have influenced my attachment style? Review your biography and determine if you have had experiences or events that may have influenced your attachment style.
It is important to note that these questions can help you begin to reflect on your attachment style, but for a more accurate assessment and understanding, it is recommended that you see a psychologist or therapist who specializes in relationships and attachment. Therapy can be helpful in working on your anxiety and avoidance patterns and improving the quality of your relationships.
What to do with the anxious avoidant type of attachment?
If you have an anxiously avoidant attachment type and want to improve your relationship and better handle this attachment style, there are a few steps you can take:
- Know thyself: Understanding your attachment style is the first step to change. Reflect on your emotions, reactions, and behaviors in relationships.
- Seek professional help: Therapy or counseling with a psychologist or psychotherapist can be very helpful. A professional can help you better understand your attachment style and develop strategies for coping with anxiety and avoidance.
- Learn emotional regulation: Working on your ability to recognize and manage your emotions can help you express your feelings more openly in relationships.
- Develop communication skills: Learn to express your needs, expectations and feelings clearly and openly. Learn to listen and listen carefully to your partner's feelings and needs.
- Practice Kegel exercises: These exercises can help strengthen pelvic floor muscles and improve urinary control, which can be helpful in managing stress incontinence.
- Examine your past experiences: Try to recognize what events or relationships in the past may have influenced your attachment style. This can help you better understand your reactions and patterns of behavior.
- Practice self-awareness: Regular meditation, yoga, or other self-awareness practices can help you develop a healthier attachment style.
- Give yourself time: Changing your attachment style is a process that takes time. Be patient and give yourself permission to make mistakes and grow.
- Talk to yourpartner: If you are in a close relationship, discuss your fears, anxieties and needs with your partner. Open and honest dialog can help improve your relationship.
Remember, changing your attachment style may take time and effort, but it is possible. Working on yourself and getting feedback from a professional can help you develop healthier and more satisfying relationships.
How do you build a relationship with an anxious avoidant attachment type?
Building and maintaining healthy relationships can be a challenge for people with an anxious avoidant attachment type. However, with certain strategies and work on yourself, it is absolutely possible. Here are some guidelines on how to build relationships if you have an anxious avoidant attachment type:
- Recognizing your attachment style: The first step is to recognize that you have an anxious avoidant type of attachment. Understanding your traits and behaviors in relationships will help you work on them more effectively.
- Therapy: Working with a therapist or psychologist can be very helpful. Therapy can help you understand the roots of your attachment, develop strategies to manage anxiety and avoidance, and learn how to build healthier relationships.
- Anxiety management: Develop skills to manage anxiety and worry. This may include practicing relaxation, meditation or yoga.
- Openness and communication: Learn to be more open and honest in relationships. Talk to your partner or significant other about your feelings and needs. Emotional openness can help break down barriers in relationships.
- Gradual involvement: Start by slowly and gradually getting involved in the relationship. Don't rush in too quickly, give yourself time to adjust to the new intimacy.
- Develop trust: Work on developing trust in yourself and your partner. Remember that trust is built gradually and takes time.
- Active listening: Learn to listen to your partner actively and attentively. This will help improve communication and understanding of each other.
- Self-development: Constantly work on self-development and strengthening your self-esteem. The more you value and respect yourself, the easier it will be for you to build relationships.
- Tolerance for mistakes: Remember that conflicts and mistakes can occur in relationships. It is important to be willing to work through them and forgive each other.
- Professional support: If your attachment problems are having a major impact on your relationships and life, seek professional help. Psychotherapy can help you resolve these problems.
Remember, building a healthy relationship is a process that takes time and effort. Don't be afraid to seek the support and help of a professional if you need it.
How do you get rid of the anxious avoidant type of attachment?
Getting rid of the anxious avoidant attachment type, also known as "mixed-type attachment," may take time, self-development, and possibly the help of a therapist. This type of attachment can be difficult and working on it can take patience and effort. Here are some steps and guidelines that may help:
- Recognizing your attachment: The first step to change is to recognize your attachment type. Learn what traits characterize the anxious avoidant attachment type and how they manifest in your relationships.
- Self-reflection: Try to understand what events or experiences in your life may have influenced the formation of this attachment. This can help you realize the root of the problem.
- Finding support: Working with a therapist or psychologist can be very helpful in resolving attachment issues. Psychotherapy can help you develop strategies to change your attachment style and improve your relationships.
- Developing Emotion Management Skills: Practicing emotionmanagement skills can help reduce anxiety and avoidance in relationships. Learn to recognize and express your feelings and needs.
- Participating ingroup therapy: Participating in group therapy or support groups can be helpful because you can share experiences and learn from others who are facing similar problems.
- Work on self-esteem: Work on building your self-esteem and self-acceptance. The higher your self-esteem, the less need you have to avoid close relationships.
- Gradualinvolvement in relationships: Gradually work on expanding your intimacy and trust in others. Start with small steps and gradually increase your openness.
- Practicing conscious presence: Practicing conscious presence, also known as meditation or mindfulness, can help improve your attention to your own emotions and relationships.
Changing attachment type can be a complex process, and it can take some time. It is important to remember that each person is unique, and the approach to changing attachment type needs to be individualized. Working with a qualified professional, such as a psychotherapist, can greatly assist in this process.
A list of popular books and studies related to the study of avoidant attachment type
-
" Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications" (Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications)
- Author: Rhys Paul
- Year of manufacture: 1998
-
" Adult Attachment: Structure, Dynamics, and Change" (Adult Attachment: Structure, Dynamics, and Change)
- Authors: Mario Mikulcha, Philip R. Shaver
- Year of release: 2006
-
"Avoiding Intimacy: What happens when men and women refuse intimacy" (Avoiding Intimacy: What to Do When You Want to Withdraw)
- Author: John Townsend
- Year of release: 1990
-
"Working with the Avoidant Client: Strategies for Effective Psychotherapy (Working with the Avoidant Client: Strategies for Effective Psychotherapy)
- Author: Linda J. Young
- Year of release: 2015
-
"Avoidant: How to Love (or Leave) a Dismissive Partner" (Avoidant: How to Love (or Leave) a Dismissive Partner)
- Author: Jeb Crandall
- Year of release: 2010
-
" Attachment in Adulthood: Structure and Function of Brain" (Attachment in Adulthood: Structure and Function of Brain)
- Authors: Oliver Brunschwig, Peter Fonk
- Year of release: 2005
-
"The Study of Attachment in Adulthood: Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice" (Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics, and Change)
- Author: Mario Mikulcha
- Year of release: 2015
-
"Av oiding Intimacy in Relationships" (Avoiding Intimacy in Relationships)
- Author: Kira Ason
- Year of release: 2019
-
" Attachment and Psychotherapy: Images, Pictures, and Mirrors" (Attachment and Psychotherapy: Images, Pictures, and Mirrors)
- Author: Peter Lesser
- Year of release: 2009
Literature used
- Daria Mitrofanova: Before we get attached. Why we repeat the same mistakes in relationships with different people. Publisher: AST, 2022.
- The Power of Attachment. Emotionally focused therapy for creating harmonious relationships. Johnson Sue. 2021
- Fit for each other. How attachment theory can help create harmonious relationships. Levine Amir, Heller Rachel. 2020