Ammonia poisoning: treatment

What to do with ammonia poisoning? Wash face and visible parts of the body with plenty of water.

• If possible, wear a respirator, a gas mask or a gauze dressing moistened with an acidic solution (for example, 5% citric acid solution).

Next, the affected people should be transported to a clinical facility where they will be provided with qualified medical care.

Immediate first aid for poisoning with ammonia should be reduced to such actions:

1. Transportation of the affected (or affected) from the toxic zone.
2. Providing access to fresh air (oxygen access).
3. Flushing of the oral and nasal cavity, nasopharynx a large amount of water (water can be slightly acidified - for example, citric acid).
4. In case of eye damage, instillation of 0.5% of dicain, then - 30% of sodium sulfacyl.
5. If the skin is affected, wash it with plenty of water.
6. If the digestive system is affected - gastric lavage (take vomiting is prohibited!).
7. Even with easy poisoning with ammonia, the victim needs a long period of rest - for at least a day from the moment of intoxication.

Any degree of ammonia poisoning is a serious reason for urgent medical treatment.

First aid for poisoning with ammonia

The first aid for poisoning with ammonia in the hospital is in the following stages:

• the victim is put on an oxygen mask to support respiratory function and prompt clearance of respiratory organs from the damaging ammonia gas;
• Introduce antidote substance (the so-called antidote - medicine, detoxifying toxic component);
• conduct rehydration therapy, in order to restore water-electrolyte metabolism;
• using a probe to wash the stomach, to prevent damage to the digestive system and re-absorption of ammonia into the blood;
• constantly monitor the respiratory and heart rate, blood pressure indicators;
• if necessary, conduct symptomatic treatment.

[1], [2], [3]

Than to wet a bandage at a poisoning with ammonia?

Gauze or bandage dressing is a necessary means to prevent the defeat of the respiratory tract during poisoning with ammonia. To maximally protect the respiratory system from damage, it is recommended to impregnate the bandage with an acid solution: the acid neutralizes ammonia, which is caustic alkali. As such an impregnating solution, 5% ascorbic, acetic, boric or citric acid is suitable.

Medications

Medicines for poisoning with ammonia are prescribed, taking into account the existing symptoms of intoxication.

If laryngospasm, acute toxic laryngitis or bronchitis is present, then Sanorin, Naphthysine, Prednisolone is inhaled. Intravenous injections are administered:

• 2,4% Eufillin in the amount of 10 ml;
• 0.5% Seduxen in the amount of 2 ml;
• 1% Diphenhydramine in the amount of 1 ml;
• Prednisolone from 60 to 300 mg.

If toxic pulmonary edema develops, the following group of drugs is used:

• 1% Morphine (1 ml) + 0.25% Dropperidol (1 ml);
• 0.05% Strofantin in the amount of 1 ml;
• Lasic of 40 to 200 mg;
• large doses of prednisolone (up to 1.5 g).

In the presence of an aerosol drug Dexamethasone isonicotinate (it is used in many EU countries), five inhalation injections are administered every 10 minutes.

If the treatment does not demonstrate the expected effect, then the doctor makes intubation of the trachea and transfers the patient to artificial ventilation (in a gassed environment, devices equipped with antitoxic filters are used).

Painful sensations are removed by the introduction of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesic medications in combination with the Seduxen preparation. Intravenously, Reopoliglyukin is administered in one arm at the rate of 5 ml per kg, and in the other hand - a glucose-novocaine mixture (consisting of 500 ml of 10% glucose and 30 ml of 2% novocaine). Then follows the introduction of 4% sodium bicarbonate. The total number of infusion introductions is determined by the doctor on the basis of hemodynamics and clinical symptoms.

As a drug correction, Dopamine is administered at a dosage of 5 μg / kg per minute. If no effect is observed, use Noradrenaline 0.1% in an amount of 2 ml in combination with 200 ml of 5% glucose, as well as 60 to 300 mg of prednisolone.

Antidote for poisoning with ammonia

As antidote enter 0.1% solution of Atropine at 2 mg intramuscularly every 20-30 minutes, until the patient's condition is normalized. In case of severe poisoning with ammonia, a second injection of the drug is allowed for two days, until signs of "re-entropynization" appear:

• nausea with vomiting;
• lowering of blood pressure;
• state of excitement and irritability;
• convulsions, trembling in the limbs;
• hallucinations;
• inhibition of respiratory center and central nervous system.

Side effects with the introduction of Atropine may be:

• disturbances of urination;
• tachycardia, heart rhythm disturbances;
• pain in the head, sleep disturbances;
• the appearance of difficultly excreted sputum in the bronchi.

[4], [5], [6]

Vitamins

When poisoning with ammonia, the body quickly loses many important vitamins and trace elements. Therefore, for the stable operation of all organs and systems, it is necessary to replenish "useful" reserves in a timely manner.

The first thing to do is to provide the body with an adequate level of vitamin A, which will help to quickly repair the affected organs. The source of this vitamin is not only carrots, but also many cereals, black bread, butter.

If poisoning with ammonia is accompanied by a dyspeptic phenomenon, then the menu must include such vitamins as B ₁, PP, U.

Vitamin C is also mandatory, which will normalize metabolic processes, prevent the vulnerability of many organs to toxic damage.

Vitamins of group B are necessary for the support of the nervous system, for the normalization of the digestive tract. Such vitamins should be looked for in beans, grain bread, meat and dairy products.

Especially effective in poisoning with ammonia products that contain a lot of pectin - a sufficient amount of it is present in apples, citrus, carrots, tomatoes, uncooked potatoes.

As a rule, there is no acute need to take pharmacy multivitamin funds. All vitamins recommended for poisoning can be obtained from food. To do this, you just need to diversify your diet.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

Physiotherapeutic procedures for ammonia poisoning, as a rule, are not appointed.

Alternative treatment

Restoration of the body by alternative means after poisoning with ammonia is possible, but this can only be done after consulting a doctor, making sure that there is no allergic reaction to the ingredients of the recipes. To neutralize the toxic effects of ammonia use such means:

• soaked in water oats grind in a blender and drink 100 ml five times a day, at regular intervals;
• prepare infusion on the leaves and berries of sea-buckthorn, drink daily and in unlimited quantities;
• take inside 1-2 teaspoons of sea buckthorn oil, three times a day, half an hour before meals;
• drink juice, squeezed out of raw potato grated, three times a day (can be replaced with horseradish juice);
• drink daily 2-4 raw egg yolks in combination with 1 tbsp. L. Vegetable oil.

Do not use these recipes as first aid. Their usual application is the restoration of the body at the stage of rehabilitation. To accelerate recovery, experts advise adding to the diet foods such as cabbage, broccoli, lemons, watermelons, garlic, green onions. A good neutralizer is also an extract of thistle, which can be purchased at a pharmacy.

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Herbal Treatment

Vegetable infusions and decoctions always successfully supplement the basic treatment. When poisoning with ammonia, the benefits will come from such funds:

• infusion of mint (drink throughout the day instead of tea);
• infusion of equal parts of wormwood, juniper, sage (insist 4 tablespoons mixture in 1 liter of boiling water, drink 200 ml three times a day);
• tea from berries of hawthorn (brew 1 tablespoon fruit 200 ml of boiling water).

There are other, more complex recipes:

• 50 g of tansy flowers are poured into three glasses of boiling water, kept under cover for about half an hour. After that add 20 g of chamomile color, place the infusion on a small fire and bring to a boil. Again, cover and insist for a day. The drug is drunk with meals, three times a day, at a rate of 1 tbsp. L. On 10 kg of weight of the patient. Duration of treatment is 5-7 days.
• 50 g of rose hips pour 1 liter of boiling water and boil for 10 minutes. The drink is aged for another 4 hours, after which it is filtered and a little honey is added. Drink 200 ml twice a day, for two weeks.

The leaves and berries of the viburnum, black currant leaves, and aloe leaves are good at intoxication.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies are advisable to use for light poisoning with ammonia, or already at the stage of recovery of the body after severe intoxication. As a first aid, homeopathy should not be used.

Such drugs are prescribed by a specially trained doctor homeopath during an individual consultation. To support the body after poisoning with ammonia it is recommended to pay attention to such drugs:

• Acanthum
• Phosphoric acid
• Kuprum Metallicum
• camphor
• Veratrum album
• Nux vomica
• Likopodium
• Carbo vegetabilis
• Hina
• Arsenicum Album

Despite the full safety of homeopathic medicines, one should not select their dosage independently. Only a doctor who personally sees the patient can do it right. Otherwise, the chosen tool can only become a waste of time.