Age features of the colon

The large intestine of the newborn is short, its length is on the average 63 cm, there are no colon gausters and glandular processes. The Gausters appear on the 6th month, and the stuffing boxes on the 2nd year of the child's life. By the end of the breast age, the large intestine lengthens to 83 cm, and by the age of 10 reaches 118 cm. The colon, the hauters and the glandular processes are finally formed by 6-7 years.

The cecum in the newborn is unclearly delimited from the appendix, its width (1.7 cm) predominates over the length (1.5 cm). Typical for the adult human form of the cecum takes the end of the period of the first childhood (7 years). The caecum is located above the wing of the ilium. In the right ileum, the intestine descends to the middle of adolescence (14 years) as the ascending colon grows.

The iliac-cecal foramen of the newborn is annular or triangular, gaping. In children older than one year, it becomes sliced. The ilio-cecal valve has the appearance of small folds. The length of the appendix of the newborn baby varies from 2 to 8 cm, its diameter is 0.2-0.6 cm. By means of a gaping opening, it communicates with the cecum. The formation of the valve closing the entrance to the vermiform appendix begins with the appearance at the end of the first year of life of the fold at the entrance to the appendage. The length of the appendix in this period is 6 cm on average, and reaches 9 cm by the middle of the second childhood (10 years). The mucous membrane of the appendix in the first year of life contains a large number of lymphoid nodules. The greatest development of nodules is achieved in childhood.

The ascending colon of the newborn is covered with a liver. By 4 months the liver is only to the upper part of it. In adolescents and young men, the ascending colon acquires a structure characteristic of an adult. The maximum development of this part of the gut is noted in 40-50 years.

The transverse colon of the newborn has a short mesentery (up to 2 cm). In front of the intestine is covered with a liver. At the beginning of the early childhood period (1 1/2 years), the mesentery width increases to 5.0-8.5 cm, which increases the mobility of the gut. In children of the first year of life, the length of the transverse intestine is 26-28 cm. By 10 years, its length increases to 35 cm. The longest transverse colon has in older people.

The descending colon in newborns has a length of about 5 cm. By 1 year its length is doubled, at 5 years is 15 cm, in 10 years - 16 cm. The largest length of the gut reaches to senile age.

Sigmoid colon of newborn (length about 20 cm) is high in the abdominal cavity, has a long mesentery. Its wide loop lies in the right half of the abdominal cavity, sometimes touching the caecum. By the age of 5, the sigmoid colon loops are located above the entrance to the small pelvis. By the age of 10, the length of the gut increases to 38 cm, and its loops descend into the cavity of the small pelvis. At 40 years, the lumen of the sigmoid colon is most extensive. After 60-70 years the gut becomes atrophic due to the thinning of its walls.

The rectum of the newborn is cylindrical, has no ampulla and bends, folds are not expressed, its length is 5-6 cm. During the first childhood, the ampoule is completed, and after 8 years - the formation of bends. Zadezprokhodnye pillars and sinuses in children are well developed. Significant growth of the rectum occurs during the second childhood (after 8 years). By the end of adolescence, the rectum has a length of 15-18 cm, and its diameter is 3.2-5.4 cm.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]