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Acute and chronic laryngeal and tracheal stenosis - Diagnosis
Last reviewed: 03.07.2025
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Examination of patients for acute laryngeal stenesis is carried out to assess the functional state of the respiratory organs, the degree and nature of the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract, and the general condition of the body. When collecting anamnesis, attention should be paid to the duration and severity of symptoms of respiratory failure, its relationship with the etiologic factor (trauma, surgery, intubation, presence of acute infectious diseases).
[ Indications for consultation with other specialists
In case of stenosis accompanied by respiratory failure, a consultation with a therapist is necessary; in case of stenosis of the thoracic trachea - a thoracic surgeon; in case of thyroid pathology - an endocrinologist; in case of stenosis of tumor etiology - an oncologist.
Physical examination
To establish a diagnosis and determine treatment tactics, a general examination, X-ray examination of the neck organs, if indicated - with a radiopaque substance, CT of the larynx and trachea, MRI, examination of the function of external respiration, ECG, stroboscopy are carried out.
Laboratory diagnostics of laryngeal stenosis
A general blood and urine test, biochemical analysis and blood gas analysis, culture of contents from the larynx and trachea with typing of microorganisms and determination of their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs are prescribed.
Instrumental research
Direct and indirect laryngo-, microlaryngo-, strobo-, endofibrolaryngotrachoebronchoscopy are performed. A mandatory method for assessing the clinical and functional state of the upper respiratory tract in case of stenosis is endofibroscopy using flexible endoscopes. The study allows determining the level, length and degree of narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory tract.
Differential diagnosis of laryngeal stenosis
Stenosis of the larynx and trachea should be differentiated from laryngospasm, hysteria, bronchial asthma, tumors and specific damage to the respiratory organs. Careful collection of anamnesis and correct interpretation of objective diagnostic methods allow for a diagnosis.