Acute abdominal pain: first aid, treatment

Methods of eliminating painful sensations depend entirely on the causes that provoked them. Let's consider treatment schemes for the most common causes of acute abdominal pain:

1. Heartburn - causes a burning sensation behind the sternum, in the upper abdomen. It occurs due to the ingestion of stomach contents into the esophagus and makes itself felt 20-30 minutes after eating. In this case, heartburn is not an independent disease, and is a symptom of peptic ulcer, intestinal ulcer, gastritis, duodenitis. Treatment consists in eliminating the underlying cause. Patients are shown a gentle diet, refusal of fatty, fried and spicy food, alcohol. If heartburn is due to increased acidity, antacids and antisecretory drugs are prescribed.
2. Gastritis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. It develops due to abnormal microflora, metabolic disorders, chronic infectious diseases, poor diet, prolonged use of certain medications and other reasons. For treatment, painkillers, absorbents and means of enveloping the gastric mucosa from the inside. If the disease is caused by bacteria, antibiotics are necessary. A diet is also recommended for all patients.
3. Gastric ulcer - the disease develops due to improper treatment of gastritis, the activity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria, regular use of acetylsalicylic acid. The danger of ulcer in the development of complications, such as bleeding and peritonitis. For treatment, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs, antacids, antibiotics are used. There are also drugs of complex action, which destroy pathogens and protect the gastric mucosa. An obligatory component of treatment is diet therapy.
4. Appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix is accompanied by acute abdominal pain, so it requires emergency medical care. Treatment consists in surgical removal of the inflamed outgrowth of the cecum. Without timely surgery, the appendix can rupture, leading to the outpouring of purulent masses into the abdominal cavity.
5. Acute cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder causes impaired movement of bile due to blockage of its outflow. In most cases, the inflammatory process is combined with concretions, which are formed due to stagnation of bile. The disease is manifested by periodic exacerbations with acute painful attacks. Treatment is operative. In the future, the patient is shown a gentle diet, refusal of fatty and fried food, a minimum of stress.
6. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine, forms and secretes into the blood hormones involved in glucose metabolism. The disease occurs with severe aching and acute pain in the epigastrium, radiating to the lumbar and scapula. Treatment depends on the changes in the pancreas. The patient may be prescribed conservative therapy or surgical intervention.

First aid for acute abdominal pain

The first thing to do is to get the victim to a doctor or call an ambulance.

First aid for acute abdominal pain:

• Cold compress.
• Hunger.
• Rest (bed rest).
• Transport to the doctor as soon as possible.

Contraindications for pain:

• Don't warm your belly.
• No eating or drinking.
• Do not take medications not prescribed by your doctor.
• Do not tolerate the pain, but seek medical attention.

There are a number of symptoms that should immediately call an ambulance:

• The pain is so severe that a person loses consciousness, suffocates. This can be observed in abdominal bleeding, acute pancreatitis, liver failure and other serious pathologies.
• Due to the onset of pain, the victim is unable to move.
• Discomfort runs with prolonged vomiting or vomiting blood.
• The appearance of the disorder is accompanied by a lack of bowel function for several days. This may be a sign of obstruction of the digestive tract.
• Pain with bleeding from the rectum. There is a risk of intestinal ischemia or bleeding, ulcer perforation, hemorrhagic gastropathy. Chronic pain and bleeding may be a sign of cancer.
• Acute chest and abdominal pain without precise localization can be a sign of heart disease.

As for the doctor you should see for pain, it is recommended to start with a general practitioner. The doctor will make a preliminary diagnosis and collect anamnesis, give a referral to a specialist. If the pain is severe, the patient may be referred to the inpatient department of a specialized hospital. [1]

Medications

The choice of medication depends on the reasons that caused the acute abdominal pain. Medications are selected by the attending physician, individually for each patient. The doctor takes into account the results of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, the general condition of the patient and a number of other factors.

Consider the main medications prescribed when painful symptoms occur:

Analgesics - are used to relieve pain syndrome in pronounced acute conditions. Analgesics are prescribed for pancreatitis, cholecystitis, gastritis and a number of other pathologies. In particularly severe cases, drugs are administered intravenously, blockades are placed. [2]

1. Promedol

An effective analgesic drug. It affects the CNS, its mechanism of action is similar to morphine.

• Indications for use: various conditions with acute pain sensations, after and in the preoperative period, malignant neoplasms, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction.
• Method of administration: orally, subcutaneously and or intravenously. If the drug is taken in tablet form, the highest single dose is 5 mg and the daily dose is 0.16 g.
• Side effects: attacks of nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression. Cholinolytics are used to relieve adverse symptoms.
• Contraindications: respiratory insufficiency, exhaustion. With prolonged use of the drug there is a risk of drug addiction.

Promedol is available in the form of tablets 0.025 to 10 pcs. In a package, ampoules of 1 ml of 1% and 2% solution of 10 pcs. In a package.

2. Tramadol

An analgesic with a rapid and prolonged mechanism of action.

• Indications for use: severe and chronic pain, postoperative period, cancer, various injuries.
• Method of administration: intravenously 50-100 mg per day. Analgesic effect develops in 5-10 minutes after oral administration and persists for about 3-5 hours.
• Side effects: respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, increased sweating, dizziness.
• Contraindications: acute alcohol poisoning, hypersensitivity to narcotic analgesics, taking MAO inhibitors, patients under 14 years of age. Use during pregnancy is possible only by medical prescription.

Form of release: capsules, drops, ampoules, rectal suppositories. Dosage and frequency of use is determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient.

3. Ketanov

A medicinal product with the active substance ketorolac. Inhibits biosynthesis of prostaglandins, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. It does not have a depressing effect on the respiratory center and does not contribute to the increase in the final RSO.

• Indications for use: severe and moderate pain of various origins. The drug is effective in general surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, urology, dentistry, after surgical interventions, in acute injuries of muscles and bones. It is used in renal and hepatic colic, cancer pain.
• How to use: intramuscularly 10-30 mg every 4-6 hours. Maximum daily dosage - 90 mg for adults and 60 mg for elderly patients. In oral administration: 10 mg (1 tablet) every 4-6 hours. The maximum allowable duration of treatment is 7 days.
• Side effects: drowsiness, nausea, diarrhea, dyspeptic disorders, headaches and dizziness, dry mouth, increased sweating, asthenia. At intramuscular injection, pain at the injection site is possible. Overdose has similar signs, treatment is symptomatic.
• Contraindications: gastric and duodenal ulcer, bronchial asthma, renal failure, pregnancy and lactation, patients under 16 years of age.

Form of release: ampoules of 10 pcs. In a package, tablets of 10 pcs. In a blister of 1.2 blisters in a package.

Spasmolytic drugs - they dilate pancreatic vessels, thus relieving spasms of smooth muscles of bile ducts, which may cause a violation of the outflow of pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum. If the drugs are used without a doctor's prescription, then no longer than two days, as there is a high risk of adverse reactions.

1. Drotaverine

Drug with antispasmodic properties in relation to smooth muscles of GI organs, urogenital and biliary system, smooth muscle layer of blood vessels. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on relaxation of smooth muscles, elimination of spastic pain.

• Indications for use: relief of spasms and pain of spasticity. It is prescribed to patients with spasms in cholecystitis, ulcerative lesions of the GI tract, constipation of spastic etiology, colitis, proctitis, pyelitis, cystitis. Can be used during diagnostic manipulations. Also used in gynecology for algodismenorrhea, for the prevention and elimination of spasms of smooth muscles of the uterus during pregnancy and threatened abortion.
• Method of administration: orally (tablets) and intramuscularly. Dosage and duration of use of the drug are determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, headaches and dizziness, fainting, decreased blood pressure, arrhythmia, allergic reactions. During intravenous administration there is a risk of arterial hypotension.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the active ingredients of the drug, severe heart failure, arterial hypotension, cardiogenic shock, renal/liver failure. It is not prescribed for children under 12 years of age. Use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible only under strict prescription of the attending physician.
• Overdose: atrioventricular blockade, respiratory center paralysis. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.

Form of release: tablets 40 mg for 10 pieces in a package, solution for injection of 2 ml for 5 ampoules in a package.

2. No-copa

It is prescribed for stomach and intestinal spasms, attacks of biliary and urolithiasis, spastic constipation, spasms of peripheral vessels. The drug is taken 40-80 mg 2-3 times a day, intramuscularly/intravenously (slowly)/intraarterially by 2-4 ml of 2% solution.

Side effects are manifested by allergic reactions, headaches and dizziness, palpitations, increased sweating. No-shpa is contraindicated in prostate hypertrophy, increased intraocular pressure.

Form of the drug: tablets of 0.04 g in a pack of 100 pieces, 2 ml ampoules of 0.04 g in a pack of 50 pieces.

3. Spasmomenon

A drug from the pharmacological group of synthetic anticholinergic drugs. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on decreasing the tone of smooth muscle fibers of the intestine, reducing the frequency and intensity of peristalsis.

• Indications for use: intestinal spasms, abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, flatulence and other conditions that require a decrease in the intensity of peristalsis.
• How to use: orally 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. Duration of treatment depends on the severity of pain sensations, so it is determined by the attending physician.
• Contraindications: allergic reactions to the drug components, patients under 12 years of age. No cases of overdose and side effects have been identified.

Form of release: tablets 40 mg for 10 pcs. In a blister of 3 blisters in a package.

Anti-inflammatory drugs - for example, in pancreatitis, there is an inflammatory process in the body, which affects not only the pancreas, but also other internal organs. To control inflammation, patients are prescribed NSAIDs and broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. The use of such medications is aimed at preventing the development of serious complications (peritonitis, abscess, sepsis).

1. Dexalgin

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity. Painful sensations during menstruation, symptomatic treatment of toothache.
• How to use: a single dose is 12.5-25 mg. The drug can be taken every 8 hours. The drug is not intended for prolonged therapy.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased fatigue, headaches, anxiety, allergic reactions, palpitations and other. Overdose has similar signs, treatment is symptomatic. In especially severe cases, gastric lavage and hemodialysis are performed.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, severe impairment of liver function, pediatric patients, pregnancy and lactation, concomitant use with anticoagulants, bronchial asthma.

Form of release: 25 mg tablets, 10, 30 and 50 pcs. In a package.

2. Nimesil

A drug with pronounced analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis at the site of inflammation. The most pronounced effect develops in the gastric mucosa and kidneys.

• Indications for use: pain syndromes of various origins, infectious and inflammatory diseases, gynecological, urological and vascular pathologies. Appointed for diseases that run with elevated body temperature. Prolonged therapeutic therapy to blunt the pronounced pain syndrome.
• How to use: orally after meals, the average daily dosage is 200 mg (for two doses). To prepare a suspension, pour the contents of the sachet into a glass and pour warm water, stirring until completely dissolved.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath, allergic reactions, various disorders of the hematopoietic system. Overdose is manifested by more pronounced adverse reactions. Treatment is symptomatic.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the drug components, gastric or duodenal ulcer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, severe renal dysfunction, pregnancy and lactation, severe bleeding from the GI tract. It is not prescribed for the treatment of pediatric patients.

Form of release: 30 sachets of aluminum foil in a package. The sachet contains granules for the preparation of therapeutic suspension.

3. Fanigan

Combined drug, contains diclofenac and paracetamol. This composition provides a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect. Active components affect the hypothalamus, more precisely on the pain center and the center of thermoregulation of the brain.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of various origins, inflammatory and destructive forms of rheumatic diseases, postoperative period, pathologies from the GI tract, muscle spasms, the state after heavy physical exertion.
• Method of administration: orally, the dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient, the severity of the pain syndrome and general indications for use. Based on this, the dose and duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches and dizziness, increased drowsiness, irritability, sensitivity disorders, skin allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the drug components, pregnancy and lactation, bronchial asthma attacks, allergic reactions, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. It is not prescribed for pediatric patients.
• Overdose: decrease in blood pressure, respiratory disorders, convulsions, renal failure, GI dysfunction. Symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment.

Form of release: tablets for oral administration of 4 pcs. In a blister.

Antacids - used to reduce the acidity of gastric juice. High concentration of hydrochloric acid leads to increased activity of the pancreas. Often antacids are prescribed simultaneously with enzymes to enhance the effectiveness of the latter.

1. Almagel

Antacid, the mechanism of action of which is based on local and long-term neutralization of secreted gastric juice. The drug reduces the content of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice to an optimal level. It has a local anesthetic effect and a slight laxative effect.

• Indications for use: food toxic infections, flatulence, acute gastritis with hyperacidity, duodenitis, enteritis, esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum. Painful sensations and discomfort in the abdomen due to eating disorders, overeating, taking various medications. Used to prevent the development of ulcerative lesions when taking NSAIDs and glucocorticosteroids.
• How to use: orally, 1-2 teaspoons 30 minutes before meals and before bedtime. Maximum daily dose for adults 16 teaspoons. Dosage for children is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: change in taste, nausea and vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, spastic abdominal pain.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, Alzheimer's disease, severe renal dysfunction, patients younger than 1 month of life.

Form of release: vials of 170 and 200 ml.

2. Gaviscon

An enveloping preparation, which, when entering the stomach, forms a protective film on the surface of the mucosa. It protects the walls of the stomach, prevents esophageal irritation in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Does not have a systemic effect on the body, as it is not absorbed into the general bloodstream.

• Indications for use: gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn (especially in pregnancy), gastric hyperacidity, postoperative treatment in patients with esophageal hernia.
• How to use: chewable tablets are taken orally 2-4 pcs. Up to 4 times a day. Suspension is intended for oral administration, the drug is dosed with a teaspoon (volume of 5 ml). The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: allergic reactions, bronchospasms, anaphylactic shock.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the drug components. Tablets are not prescribed for patients with phenylketonuria and for children under 6 years of age.
• Overdose: discomfort in the epigastric region, flatulence and abdominal bloating. Treatment is symptomatic with obligatory withdrawal of the drug.

Form of release: chewable tablets for 8 pcs. In a package, suspension for oral administration of 150 and 300 ml.

3. Maalox

It has antacid action, absorbs excess acid and gases. Envelopes the mucosa, eliminates pain in the upper digestive tract. The drug contains two active components: magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide.

• Indications for use: inflammation of the stomach, chronic gastritis with increased secretory function, hernia of the esophageal aperture of the diaphragm, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer in the acute phase. Overeating, taking medications, abuse of coffee, nicotine, alcohol.
• How to use: orally in 1-1.5 hours after a meal or in acute pain. Recommended daily dosage of 1-2 tablets, suspension is taken in 15 ml.
• Side effects: development of phosphorus deficiency in the body. The drug is not prescribed in severe renal dysfunction.

Form of release: tablets 40 pcs. In a package, suspension for oral administration in bottles of 250 ml.

Enzyme drugs - very often this group of drugs is prescribed to patients with chronic pancreatitis. Drugs based on pancreatic extracts facilitate digestion, eliminate nausea and improve general well-being. There are also preparations based on bile acids, which stimulate intestinal peristalsis and promote digestion of fats.

Electrolyte solutions - if the painful condition runs with intoxication, vomiting and diarrhea, it leads to dehydration of the body and a decrease in blood volume. To prevent this complication and restore the water-salt balance, intravenous drips with electrolyte solutions are used. The drugs act as a preventive measure for the formation of blood clots, reduce blood viscosity, activate the processes of microcirculation. Also, electrolytes normalize blood pressure, providing a kind of antishock effect.

Antisecretory drugs - reduce the production of digestive enzymes by the affected organ. They stop the development of necrosis, reduce pain at different stages of acute pancreatitis. If the patient is prescribed H2-blockers of histamine receptors, they inhibit the synthesis of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. [3]

Vitamins

One of the components of the complex treatment of any disease is vitamin therapy. If painful sensations in the abdomen are caused by diseases of the GI organs, patients are prescribed B vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins of groups A, E, D, K. Micronutrients help with enzyme deficiency and poor digestion of food.

1. Vitamin A - has antioxidant properties, stimulates the process of breaking down fats and facilitates digestion. It helps the body recover from infections and strengthens tissues.
2. B vitamins - the deficiency of this group of substances is particularly acute in pancreatitis. Substances have a strengthening effect on immunity and metabolic processes.
   1. B1 - is involved in the metabolic processes of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Prevents dehydration.
   2. B2 - participates in redox reactions.
   3. B6 - stimulates the production of digestive enzymes.
   4. B9 - relieves painful symptoms, normalizes blood, restores the body.
   5. B12 - affects the liver, promotes the processing of fats and carbohydrates.
3. Vitamin PP - stimulates the formation of gastric juice, reduces inflammation, improves metabolic processes and the circulatory system. Nicotinic acid is very often prescribed in chronic diseases and in the process of rehabilitation.
4. Vitamin C - relieves inflammation, regulates hemoglobin levels in the blood and optimizes cholesterol levels. It influences the functioning of the endocrine system.
5. Vitamin E - a source of antioxidants, removes free radicals and toxins from the body. It has a good effect on the gastrointestinal tract, reduces inflammation and relieves pain.

Vitamin complexes should be selected by the attending physician, individually for each patient. The doctor calculates the dosage for each specific case and, if necessary, prescribes multivitamin complexes.

Physiotherapy treatment

Physiotherapy for acute abdominal pain is used in combination with other therapeutic methods. As a rule, patients are prescribed analgesic procedures that reduce the risk of worsening pain and, if necessary, maintain the continuity of the therapy already started.

Physiotherapy treatment is carried out using physical factors that affect the patient's body. Such factors include ultrasound, laser, magnetic field, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, massage and others.

The main advantage of physiotherapy is its high efficiency and safety. It awakens the body's internal reserves, strengthens the immune system, stimulates regeneration and reduces inflammation, triggers the most important biochemical processes.

Treatment methods are selected depending on the cause of the painful condition. The patient may be prescribed such procedures:

1. Inductothermia - electrotherapy using a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. Promotes vasodilation, stimulates blood flow and improves coronary circulation, reduces blood pressure. Reduces muscle tone, relieving spasms of smooth muscle. The main indications are subacute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and internal organs, injuries of the musculoskeletal system and CNS disorders.
2. UHF therapy is a method of electrotherapy, which is based on exposure of the body to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, improves blood and lymph circulation, activates the functions of connective tissue. UHF has antispastic properties in relation to the smooth muscles of the GI tract. Analgesic, reducing the sensitivity of nerve receptors, reduces capillary tone. It is used in acute and chronic inflammatory processes in internal organs, gynecological diseases.
3. Magnetotherapy - the body is affected by an alternating magnetic field of low frequency. The procedure has analgesic and antispasmodic properties, activates the processes of regeneration and repair, has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. It has a wide range of indications for use.
4. Ultrasound therapy - has a physical-chemical and weak thermal effect on the body. Increases the intensity of tissue redox processes. Analgesic, stimulates regenerative processes and improves tissue nutrition. It is used in diseases of internal organs, skin lesions, joints, ENT organs.
5. Phonophoresis - certain areas of the body are treated with ultrasound, having applied special solutions, emulsions or ointments to the skin beforehand. It is prescribed for gynecological and urological diseases, joint and spine diseases.
6. Drug electrophoresis is an electropharmacotherapeutic method, which involves the effect of direct current and drugs on the body. Against the background of direct current action increases the pharmacological activity of drugs. It has anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic and improving blood supply to tissues.
7. Electrostimulation - exposure of the body to various pulse currents to change the functional state of nerves and muscles. The procedure is aimed at maintaining the contractile ability of muscles, increases blood circulation and metabolic processes at the cellular level. Physioprocedure is indicated in atonic states of smooth muscles of internal organs, atonic bleeding. Electrostimulation is contraindicated in acute purulent processes in the abdominal cavity, nodules in the kidneys and gallbladder.
8. Therapeutic massage - used both at the stage of the main therapy and in the recovery process. It enhances the effect of medications. It is used for headaches, neuralgia, neuritis, chronic heart failure, gastritis, impaired motor function of the large intestine and other diseases.

Physical therapy is prescribed individually for each patient, according to strict indications. When choosing a therapeutic technique, the doctor takes into account the specifics of the course of the underlying disease, the patient's age and a number of other factors.

Folk treatment

Folk medicine offers many natural herbs and products that can be used to relieve acute abdominal pain, let's look at the most popular ones:

1. If unpleasant sensations in the epigastrium are accompanied by severe heartburn and spasms, then a rice decoction will help. Take rice and water in the proportion of 1:6. Boil the groats over low heat until fully cooked and strain. Take the decoction warm 1/3 cup every two hours.
2. If the painful condition is caused by poisoning from poor quality food, a solution of manganese may help. Dilute a small amount of manganese in water to get a solution of pale pink color. The liquid stimulates vomiting to cleanse the intestines and relieve the patient's condition.
3. In pain caused by gastritis helps decoction of flax seeds. The plant produces a thick, thick decoction that coats the walls of the stomach, relieves inflammation and reduces pain. To prepare the drink, take 2 tbsp. Flax seeds and pour 1 liter of boiling water. After 10-12 hours, strain and take ½ cup 3 times a day.
4. Sea buckthorn berries have anti-inflammatory and enveloping properties. They have a good effect on the state of the gastrointestinal tract and accelerate the regeneration process. For therapeutic purposes, you can drink tea with sea buckthorn or eat a couple of spoonfuls of crushed berries.

Before using the above recipes, you should consult your doctor and make sure that the painful condition does not require emergency medical attention.

Herbal treatment

Another method of treatment of acute abdominal pain is phytotherapy. Such herbal decoctions and infusions can be used at home:

1. Chamomile tea relieves abdominal pain and has an anti-inflammatory effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach. To prepare the drink, you can buy a pharmacy bagged chamomile or take dried flowers of the plant. Tea is recommended to combine with melissa, mint.
2. Dill seeds are an effective remedy for discomfort in the epigastrium caused by stomach upset. The seeds contain essential oils that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and relieve discomfort. A spoonful of seeds is poured 500 ml of boiling water and insist for 20-30 minutes. The strained remedy is taken ½ cup 2-3 times a day.
3. Ginger contains natural ingredients that relax the smooth muscles of the stomach, relieve spasms and ease pain. Tea based on ginger eliminates nausea and stomach discomfort. To prepare the drink, it is recommended to use fresh ginger. The root is grated or cut into thin slices, then pour boiling water for 10-15 minutes. To improve the taste of the drink, you can add a teaspoon of honey.
4. Turmeric has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Curcumin improves the digestive process and relieves cramps. Pour 300 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of turmeric and add a slice of lemon. Take 100 ml 3 times a day.
5. To eliminate pain caused by upset stomach you can drink warm water with lemon. Such a drink promotes rapid digestion of food and eliminates spasms.

Treatment with herbs is carried out on the prescription of a doctor in complex with the main drug therapy.

Homeopathy

An alternative method of eliminating attacks of acute pain in the epigastric region is homeopathy. Let's consider homeopathic remedies used in such disorders:

1. Indigestion

• Aconite - nausea and vomiting, increased sweating, colic, gas.
• Cinchona - flatulence, belching, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, bitterness in the mouth, pain on movement.
• Ipecacuana - acute colic with nausea, nausea and vomiting.
• Nux vomica - frequent urges to vomit, bitter taste in the mouth, colic with shooting sensations.
• Podophyllum - cramp pains, nausea.

2. Gastralgia

• Colocynthis - marked contraction-like pain in the epigastrium.
• Magnesia muriatica - spastic pain on the right side, constipation, dysmenorrhea.
• Kalium bichromicum - shooting pains in the abdomen of various localizations.

3. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

• Pulsatilla - discomfort with changing localization, chills, unstable stools.
• Asa foetida - gastric neurosis, nausea and vomiting.
• Nux moschata - flatulence, dry mouth, tendency to fainting.

4. Chronic gastritis

• Argentum nitricum - reduces inflammation in the gastric mucosa.
• Belladonna - has anti-inflammatory effects, regulates motor function.
• Arsenicum album - reduces inflammation, relieves spasms and burning sensation in the stomach.

5. Chronic pancreatitis

• Colocynthis - sharp pains in epigastrium of different localization.
• Podophyllum - cramps, diarrhea in the morning hours, nausea.
• Bryoni - discomfort increases with movement, cramps and burning in the stomach.

6. Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

• Taraxacum - discomfort in the liver and gallbladder, tendency to diarrhea.
• Phosphorus - frequent exacerbations of chronic liver disease, spasms.
• Lycopodium - chronic liver diseases with pronounced dyspepsic and pain syndrome, portal hypertension.

All of the above remedies are prescribed by a homeopathic doctor, individually for each patient.

Surgical treatment

It is extremely important to determine the indications for surgical intervention in acute abdominal pain. To prevent the development of dangerous complications, patients with acute abdominal pain are subject to emergency hospitalization.

Since pain is a subjective symptom, it should be evaluated according to subjective criteria. For this purpose, special scales are used that measure unpleasant sensations in points:

• 0 - absence of pain;
• 1 - insignificant;
• 2 - moderate;
• 3 is strong;
• 4 - intolerable.

A distinction must be made between pain and soreness. The latter is caused by a provoking action, e.g. Palpation. While pain is a sharp and spontaneous sensation. Acute sensations develop quickly, and their duration does not exceed three months. Particular attention should be paid to the localization and irradiation of pain, as these factors are important for establishing the correct diagnosis at the pre-hospital stage when deciding on surgical intervention.

The main indications for surgical treatment are:

• Acute appendicitis.
• Acute cholecystitis.
• Acute pancreatitis.
• Acute diverticulitis.
• Acute mesenteric lymphadenitis.
• Acute gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
• Acute intestinal obstruction.
• Acute adnexitis.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Torsion and rupture of an ovarian cyst.
• Testicular torsion, pinched inguinal hernia.

All of the above diseases can cause peritonitis, which also requires surgical intervention. The doctor determines the method of surgery, it can be either a cavity surgery or laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive method.