Pain in the urethra

Pain in the urethra begins to bother, most often, in cases of infection. Gates for infectious infection can serve as catarrhal, inflammatory processes, sexual contact with a venereal patient or the carrier of this pathogen. The presence of sand and stones in the organs of the urinary system provokes the appearance of pain in the urethra at the time of its passage through it.

Any parts of the body, organs or systems of organs, as well as their individual components, can, under unfavorable conditions, cause discomfort, cause painful sensations, signaling that the disease has appeared, or just begins to form,.

[1], [2], [3]

Diseases that cause pain in the urethra

The reasons for pain in the urethra can be divided into actual urethral and causes related to diseases and problems of the organs of the entire genitourinary system.

The main causes of painful urination:

• sexual infection (chlamydia, ura - and mycoplasmas, trichomonads, gonococci);
• inflammation of the walls of the urethra;
• inflammatory process in the bladder;
• pathology of the prostate;
• the presence of sand and stones in the urinary system;
• tumor neoplasms;
• trauma and cramping in the urethra.

[4], [5], [6],

Pain in the urethra: anatomical information

In the structure of the urethra (anatomical name - urethra) there is nothing complicated or tricky. It's just a tube through which urine from the reservoir (bladder) is drawn out. The urethra has elastic walls that are covered from the inside with a thin, pale pink delicate mucosa, the outer wall is a muscular layer, represented mainly by connective fibers.

The length of the urethra in women is only 3.5-4 cm, with a diameter of about 1.5 cm. While in men, the urethra can be as long as 20-22 cm, with a diameter of about 8 mm. Once again pay attention to these indicators. The length and diameter of the urethra is of great importance when an infection penetrates it in an ascending manner. Therefore, when there is pain in the urethra, when analyzing possible causes, it is necessary to start, first of all, from the patient's sex.

On its entire length, the urethra in men adjoins the prostate gland, the pelvic diaphragm and the body of the penis. In this connection it is subdivided into the corresponding departments, which are called prostatic, membranous and spongy. The prostatic section passes near the body of the prostate in such a way that throwing the semen into the bladder cavity is completely excluded. In the membranous part, the urethra narrows, turning into the narrowest part of the department, and passes into the longest department - a spongy department that ends with the urethra.

The length of the female urethra is small and neighbors only with the vagina with its inner wall. Throughout the entire length of the canal, there are many oturetral glands producing mucus. The higher the excitation of a woman, the more mucus will produce these glands.

To prevent urine from spontaneously flowing out of the bladder cavity outward, special valves are provided in the urethra - sphincters, one located inside the bladder, at the point of its passage into the urethra, the other outside the urethra. During inflammatory processes, spasms may develop in the sphincter region, which causes pain in the urethra.

The internal environment of the urethra of the canal consists of a specific microflora. In women, the microflora "lives" throughout the canal, and is represented by a small amount of epidermal and saprophytic staphylococci, lactobacilli. If in the microflora of the urethra of a woman bifidumbacteria are found in small amounts, this too can be an indicator of the norm. In men, in a healthy condition, the entire internal environment of the urethra is practically sterile, with the exception of the outer portion, about 5 cm long. In this area, the content of epidermal and saprophytic staphylococcus is permissible.

Urethritis and pain in the urethra

Possible reasons:

• infectious lesions of the inner walls of the urethra by penetrating into it, according to the ascending principle, a pathogenic microflora represented by many species of representatives, the so-called "sexual infection";
• injured urethral walls, for example, in cases of forced catheterization, with acute urinary retention, often lead to the formation of acute urethritis;
• violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• frequent allergic reactions.

Symptoms of urethritis

• pain in the urethra at the time of urination, accompanied by strong cuts;
• from the urethra there are slight unclear discharges;
• in men, clumping of the outer walls of the urethra is observed.

Diagnostic Methods

To make a diagnosis, it is enough to pass a general analysis of urine and take a smear from the urethra to determine the microflora.

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Treatment of urethritis

Urethritis is well and successfully treated by the course of antibiotic therapy. Based on the results of the analysis for the determination of microflora in the urethra, a test is carried out for sensitivity to antibiotics. Assigned to the group of antibacterial drugs, the sensitivity of microflora to which the highest. The course of treatment lasts, depending on the complexity of the inflammation process, from 7 to 14 days. Treatment with antibiotics is supported by physiotherapy and restorative therapy.

Chlamydia and pain in the urethra

Infection with chlamydia occurs without significant symptomatology. Through sex, Chlamydia can enter the body at the time of passage through the birth canal. Chlamydia is terrible not so much by itself, as by the complications that it can cause. The most dangerous complication is infertility, both in women and men. Chlamydia affects the internal lining of the genital organs in a woman, which makes it impossible to attach the embryo to the uterine cavity. In men, chlamydia have a detrimental effect on spermatozoa, making them less mobile and making changes in their structure.

[12], [13]

Symptoms of Chlamydia

As already mentioned above, chlamydia is found as an independent disease very rarely, preferring to proceed secretly, disguising itself for various diseases, which are, in fact, its complications. Pain in the urethra causes the patient to consult a doctor, where it turns out that the truth is not in all cases, that the reason is chlamydia. The formulation of the correct diagnosis is complicated by the nature of chlamydia.

Chlamydia is "hiding" so successfully that it is practically impossible to detect it by routine blood, urine, and smear tests. Chlamydia provoke the development of cystitis in women, and in men - prostatitis. Unpleasant sensations in the genital area, itching and burning that accompany each process of urination, pain. In the presence of one or more of these listed symptoms, there is reason to visit a urologist and a mandatory diagnostic examination aimed at detecting or eliminating chlamydia.

Diagnosis of chlamydia

Chlamydia is a very cunning microorganism, to determine the presence of which in the human body is very difficult. Having lodged inside the epithelial cell, he, therefore, disguises himself as a "native" cell of the body and can not be seen in any of the analyzes of chlamydia. This explains the difficulty of timely diagnosis of chlamydia, as an independent disease. However, despite all the difficulties "catch" chlamydia can still be, through the following diagnostic tests:

• taking a smear from the vagina and the cervical canal of the cervix in women, from the urethra - in men;
• a study of a drop of secretion from the prostate gland in men;
• a blood test for the detection of atihlamydial antibodies. This type of analysis is called an enzyme immunoassay;
• PCR is the most effective and sensitive analysis - a polymerase chain reaction.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Treatment of Chlamydia

Chlamydia penetrate the walls of many organs of the genitourinary system and the treatment of chlamydia is complex and lasting. The main remedy is antibiotics, and strong groups. Directing the treatment to eliminate the pathogenic microorganism, in parallel, the treatment of complications that caused its reproduction.

Cystitis and pain in the urethra

The most common reason for pain in the urethra is cystitis. This disease is more characteristic of the female half of the population, but also in men, albeit rarely, but there are cases of inflammatory processes in the bladder.

Possible causes of cystitis • cold and hypothermia (in this way, cystitis is formed mainly in women); • infections of different etiologies;

[19], [20], [21]

Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis

The description of the main complaints of the patient, supported by the results of a general analysis of urine and blood, bacterial culture of urine to detect microflora - to establish an accurate diagnosis is enough. In severe cases, when one laboratory analysis is not enough, resort to instrumental research - cystoscopy.

Then follows the choice of the correct therapeutic course. The fact is that the treatment of cystitis should take place only under the supervision of a urologist or, in extreme cases, a gynecologist, if it is a woman. Self-treatment very often leads to the development of a chronic process and the adherence of concomitant infections.

Pain in the urethra can be stopped from taking any anti-inflammatory drugs, for a short time, but this will not mean completely getting rid of the underlying causes that caused it. The fading of the pain syndrome leads to the fact that human disturbances are passing, and he forgets about the probable disease, which contributes to aggravation of the situation.

Depending on the causative agent of the infection, revealed as a result of bacteriological inoculation, an analysis is made for the sensitivity of the pathogen of infection to antibiotics, after which appropriate therapy is prescribed.

The course of treatment of cystitis includes the fight against the underlying disease, the removal of all associated syndromes, as well as aimed at strengthening the body's immune forces. The fact that in a healthy state in the body, in particular in the urethra, contains a large number of pathogenic microflora, with which strong immunity is fully able to cope on its own. As soon as the immune forces weaken, the infection recovers and one or several diseases develop at once. In those cases, when cystitis develops, it is necessary to pay attention to the immune system.

[22], [23], [24], [25],

Urolithiasis and pain in the urethra

During urination, pain in the urethra can have nothing to do with infectious or inflammatory processes. The presence of an impurity of sand in the urine has a strong irritant effect on the walls of the urethra, than, and is caused by the appearance of pain.

Causes of urolithiasis:

• disturbances in metabolic processes of the body;
• burdened heredity;
• decreased functionality of the thyroid gland;
• prolonged beriberi;
• inaccuracies in the diet with a preponderance of acute and salty foods;
• Use for drinking water with a high content of calcium and chlorine salts.

The presence of stones and sand is not limited to the kidneys, any of the departments of the urinary system can contain a certain amount of deposits of this nature. Considering the reasons for pain in the urethra, we confine ourselves to the zone of the bladder. Sand, including large stones, get here from the kidneys. When the stones move along the ureters, there are sharp pains and possibly the presence of blood in the urine, which is a consequence of cuts in the walls of the ureters or the urethra.

[26], [27], [28]

Diagnosis of urolithiasis

To date, diagnostic measures and therapeutic measures for urolithiasis have been well studied, and the mechanisms for managing the patient to recover are as efficiently as possible. The main task that faces the patient is timely access to a doctor at the slightest negative sensations at the time of urination. The urologist, having the data of the general analysis of urine, general and biochemical blood tests, can with a large degree of certainty confirm the diagnosis of urolithiasis. To increase the likelihood, you can undergo ultrasound examination of the kidneys.

[29]

Treatment of urolithiasis

To make a choice in favor of conservative or operative treatment costs only at the advanced stages of the disease. In the early stages of conservative treatment, it is enough to completely heal the patient. Strict diet, excluding irritating food (acute, salty), with a high content of liquids, drugs aimed at dissolving sand and stones in the cavity of the urinary organs. At the initial stages of treatment, it is advisable to use painkillers so that pain in the urethra does not exert a torturous effect. To specify the name of medicinal products there is no sense, therefore as treatment of urolithic illness should pass only under the control of the doctor and the purpose of the treatment course depends on many indicators.

How to prevent pain in the urethra?

At all times, disease prevention is the best tool in their prevention, early detection and guarantees high rates in recovery, even in the most dangerous ailments. Attentive, caring and sensitive attitude towards one's own organism is the guarantee of good health. The organism itself will make it clear when and on what it is necessary to pay attention and in time to help it cope with the ailment. Pain in the urethra is just the signal that can not be missed and should not be ignored. Find free time and be sure to visit a doctor. Against the background of complete well-being in health, visiting doctors, with a preventive goal, should be done every six months, thereby protecting themselves from the development of serious ailments.