Poisoning during pregnancy: nutritional, early and late, consequences

For any woman whose pregnancy and childbirth is desired and expected, the biggest tragedy is a miscarriage. Poisoning in pregnancy - one of the factors that can cause not only this outcome of pregnancy, but also harm the health of the woman herself. It's about food, alcohol, chemical poisoning.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Epidemiology

There is insufficient statistical data to compile an epidemiological picture of poisoning during pregnancy. It is known, for example, that from 1 to 5% of deaths of pregnant women and after childbirth occur as a result of suicide by taking medication. And of all cases of poisoning of pregnant women 50-80% falls on analgesics, antibiotics, psychotropic drugs and iron-containing drugs. In food poisoning, most sources of infection are found in dairy and meat products, and also caused by salmonella.

[6], [7], [8]

Causes of the poisoning during pregnancy

The most frequent poisonings during pregnancy are food. Many women during this period of their life more closely monitor the diet, but there are exceptions. Potential risk of poisoning is borne by products with short shelf life and those whose heat treatment has disrupted the technological process. May be dangerous:

• sausage and meat products;
• salads dressed with mayonnaise;
• canned and preserved;
• mushrooms;
• dairy products;
• creams used in confectionery.

Also often a woman is trapped by the danger from the seemingly quite safe vegetables and fruits with which she strengthens her diet with the goal of saturating the body with vitamins and microelements. During the year when they are not mass grown in the kitchen gardens, they can contain nitrates and nitrites, many times higher than the norm. There are alcoholic poisoning among pregnant women. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is a completely irresponsible act on the part of a woman, fraught with far-reaching consequences.

Chemical poisoning caused by:

• tablets;
• paint and household chemicals;
• carbonic and household gas;
• mercury.

[9], [10], [11],

Risk factors

Often the risk factors for food poisoning are:

• not compliance with the timing of suitability for the use of certain products;
• violation of the technological cycle of cooking, including insufficient heat treatment of food;
• lack of sanitation and storage standards;
• use of preservations, especially canned mushrooms;
• the use of food belonging to other culinary cultures.

The risk factors for chemical poisoning can be:

• careless handling of them in everyday life;
• work in harmful industries;
• close proximity to large industrial sources of harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
• gas leakage;
• careless behavior with a thermometer containing mercury.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of poisoning during pregnancy is no different from the poisoning of other people. Poisons can penetrate the body through the mouth (mainly food poisoning), through the skin and mucous membranes (mercury, evaporation of dyes, boric acid, bites of poisonous animals) and through the respiratory tract (carbon monoxide and household gases, mercury, solvents and paints). The disease first passes the latent stage, then the stage of absorption of the poison, then the late complications and the recovery.

How does poisoning affect pregnancy?

Can poisoning affect pregnancy? It all depends on the severity of poisoning and the duration of pregnancy. Intoxication of the organism, accompanying poisoning, is a real threat, both for mom and for the future child. Causes various malfunctions in metabolic processes and leads to a violation of the blood supply to the fetus. In addition, toxins can enter the fetus through the placenta (in case of poisoning with fungi or mercury), and dehydration of the body due to vomiting and diarrhea can wash the nutrients necessary for growth and development of the fetus. Diarrhea accompanying poisoning, causes increased intestinal peristalsis, and this can provoke increased uterine tone and threat of miscarriage.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Symptoms of the poisoning during pregnancy

Symptoms of poisoning during pregnancy are the same as in all other people. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), liver and kidneys, central nervous system (agitated or, conversely, depressed, fainting, may occur depending on the nature of the lesion and the characteristics of the toxin that has got into the body, , coma, convulsions) and sometimes cardiovascular (tachycardia, acute heart failure).

First signs

Most often, pregnant women are food poisoning. Its first signs can appear in 2-4 hours, and sometimes even earlier, after getting the causative agent into the body. As a rule, everything begins with nausea and vomiting, intestinal spasms leading to frequent emptying. The stool is liquid with bits of undigested food, often with mucus and bloody fragments. There may be an increase in temperature. If poisoning is caused by salmonella or botulism, there is a double vision in the eyes, often hallucinations. Light alcoholic intoxication causes euphoria, excitement, and the heavy ends with coma. When poisoning with gases, the first symptoms depend on their severity. The first signs of a mild form of poisoning with household gas are weakness, dizziness, pain in the eyes, drowsiness. When exposure to carbon monoxide, the head starts to hurt, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, palpitations occur. When poisoning with tablets, there is weakness, increased sweating, drowsiness, irregularity of the contractions of the heart, narrowing of the pupils. The defeat of mercury manifests itself by abundant salivation, swelling and bleeding gums, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, temperature, taste of metal in the mouth.

[20]

Temperature at a poisoning at pregnancy

The temperature at poisoning during pregnancy depends on the nature and degree of poisoning. Acute intoxication of the body, as a rule, is accompanied by a high temperature. With food poisoning, a temperature of up to 40 degrees causes a pathogen such as salmonella. If the poisoning caused staphylococcus, then, as a rule, it is not high.

Vomiting during poisoning during pregnancy

Vomiting during poisoning during pregnancy can cause not only food, but also toxic substances: drugs, alcohol, drugs; household and carbon monoxide, toxic fumes, chemicals. At the first stages of poisoning, vomiting is a positive phenomenon, because removes poisons from the body. But with uncontrolled vomiting, when a woman is unconscious, vomiting may occur in the respiratory tract and asphiciation may occur.

Diarrhea in case of poisoning during pregnancy

Diarrhea during poisoning during pregnancy causes food poisoning. Microorganisms - pathogens of infections when ingested into the stomach and intestine multiply, and then perish, releasing toxins that irritate the mucous membrane and lead to its edema. Walls of the inflamed intestine in increased volume secrete protein fluid and mucus. A large amount of fluid and provokes diarrhea. Feces with diarrhea are often colored green and have a fetid odor. There may be feces and mucus in the stool.

[21], [22], [23], [24]

Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy

Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy is very dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. Such a danger can be trapped by women living in private houses with stove heating. An untimely closed furnace flap can lead to an increased concentration of carbon dioxide - carbon monoxide. Another source of poisoning may be a malfunction of the machine in which the exhaust gas system is broken, or a garage, defective heating appliances, and a fire. Carbon monoxide has no smell or color, so it is difficult to recognize its high concentration. In the body, he gets through the lungs, very actively reunites with hemoglobin, depriving him of the ability to transfer oxygen to the tissues of organs. As a result, oxygen starvation occurs.

[25], [26], [27], [28]

Poisoning by household gas during pregnancy

Poisoning by household gas during pregnancy is caused by methane, which is used in cookers for cooking. The leakage of gas and its concentration in the air at a level of 20-30% with an oxygen concentration below 21% leads to poisoning. The gas is colorless, but has a characteristic mild odor that can alert and prevent poisoning. For pregnant women, it is no less dangerous than carbon monoxide.

Poisoning during pregnancy

Poisoning during pregnancy is unlikely to happen by chance, because all women during this period avoid taking medications and drink them as inevitable if they are seriously threatened by their life or fetus. Most often an overdose of hypnotics, tranquilizers, antidepressants, as well as drugs containing a drug. Accidental or deliberate such poisonings, but they pose a real threat to life.

Alcohol poisoning in pregnancy

Unfortunately, not only responsible women give birth to children, but also those for whom the addiction to drinking is the norm of life. If a pregnant woman drinks a drink of a quality alcoholic drink, nothing will happen. The intake of surrogates or alcoholic beverages in large quantities can cause alcohol poisoning during pregnancy. Ethyl alcohol, contained in alcohol, adversely affects the child's body: oxygen starvation occurs, in which the brain, heart, kidneys and other organs of the fetus suffer particularly. The blood vessels of the placenta also contract, and the baby loses the nutrients necessary for its growth. As a result, the fetus can develop fetal alcohol syndrome, causing mental retardation, physical deformities. A strong alcohol intoxication of the pregnant woman in general may lead to the fading of the fetus in the womb.

[29]

Poisoning by color during pregnancy

Even without applying paint at home or observing all precautions when working with them, a woman can accent on poisoning with paint during pregnancy by neighbors or at work. The body will react to poisoning with a taste of acetone in the mouth, a severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Exposure of paint and solvent vapors to the pregnant woman's body can cause a burn of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to difficulty breathing, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, and cardiovascular disorders. Feeling the smell of paint in the room, you need to leave it as soon as possible.

Mercury poisoning during pregnancy

Mercury is a heavy metal that is used in various compounds in industry. In everyday life, it is found in thermometers, in energy-saving fluorescent lamps. In food - mainly in seafood: fish, shellfish. Fortunately, mercury poisoning during pregnancy is very rare. The metal can enter the body through the lungs, by inhaling fumes, through the skin and directly into the mouth. Mercury poisoning is dangerous for intoxication of the fetus, which can lead to miscarriage. There is a statistics of the facts of the birth of children with intellectual disabilities in women who live on the coasts of the seas and feed mainly on products of fishing (from 1.5 to 17 children with oligophrenia per 1tys).

Poisoning in early pregnancy

With mild poisoning during pregnancy in the early stages, most likely nothing will happen that will harm your mom or baby. So, food poisoning, with the exception of poisoning with mushrooms, does not conceal a threat to the fetus, but only trouble for the mother. Severe forms of poisoning can lead to miscarriages, a threat of delay or anomalies due to hypoxia of the fetus when the supply of blood is disturbed and nutrient deficiencies are lost, and its fading.

Poisoning in pregnancy at late stages

Poisoning in late pregnancy with severe forms is extremely dangerous for both mother and fetus. Premature birth may begin, bleeding may open, placental abruption or placental insufficiency occur.

Stages

According to the clinical picture of poisoning, they are divided into acute and chronic. There are two stages of acute poisoning, which are determined by the body's reaction to the ingress of foreign elements into it:

• toxicogenic - the early clinical stage, when the poison penetrates the body, causing some of the first signs of poisoning;
• somatogenic - the stage of destruction and absorption of poison, causing violations in the functions of systems and organs.

According to the severity of the disease, there are light, medium, heavy and extremely heavy poisonings.

Light intoxication during pregnancy

Light poisoning during pregnancy gives a clinical picture, similar to toxicosis. It can be nausea, short vomiting, relaxed, not too frequent stool. If the poisoning occurred at an early stage of pregnancy, then it may well be perceived as a manifestation of toxicosis.

[30], [31], [32], [33]

Acute poisoning during pregnancy

Acute poisoning during pregnancy is perceived by the body as a chemical injury, provoked by a single entry into it of a toxic dose of poison. Such poisonings are either accidental or deliberate. The symptomatology of the disease depends on the body's response to the toxic agent that caused this poisoning, and is described above. Acute poisoning, especially in severe forms, can harm both a woman and her future child.

[34], [35],

Complications and consequences

The consequences and complications of poisoning during pregnancy depend on the physical and chemical factors that caused intoxication, concentration of toxic substances and organs where they accumulate, ways and regularities of getting into the body: once, repeatedly or permanently. Immunity of the pregnant woman, the ability of the organism to resist the agents that are alien to him, also matters. A very large role in reducing the severity of the damage to the organism is played by the speed of response to manifestations of poisoning. Each type of poisoning, to one degree or another, is a threat to the fetus, and often to the woman herself.

What is the risk of poisoning during pregnancy?

What is the risk of poisoning during pregnancy? Accompanying the poisoning of vomiting and diarrhea lead to dehydration of the body of a pregnant woman, the blood becomes dense, the risk of blood clots develops. Also increases the level of the hormone oxytocin, which in normal circumstances stimulates the muscles of the uterus, and in high concentration causes an increased tone of it, which can lead to miscarriage. Prolonged pathological condition of the woman also adversely affects the fetus. With severe poisoning by mushrooms, chemical elements, speech can sometimes only go about saving the life of the future mother and that is not always successful.

[36], [37], [38], [39], [40]

Diagnostics of the poisoning during pregnancy

Diagnosis of poisoning during pregnancy is to determine the etiology and pathogenesis of intoxication. In a conversation with a patient or her relatives, it is necessary to establish what the alleged substance caused the poisoning, its dose, and the time of exposure. It is also necessary to establish a complete picture of clinical manifestations and assess the severity of the body's damage and potential threats to the life of the mother and fetus: dangerous, potentially dangerous or life threatening. For the same purpose, the temperature, pressure, and pulse are measured. Conducting laboratory studies and instrumental diagnostics will help to provide answers to these questions.

[41], [42]

Analyzes

When examining poisoned for proper diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe a stool test for the presence of blood and mucus. Vomit or food remnants can be sent for testing to detect a toxin that has caused poisoning. The analysis of urine will show how much the body has dehydrated and whether the kidneys have suffered. A blood test will help to see changes in the blood formula to determine the severity of the condition.

[43], [44], [45], [46],

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnosis using ultrasound, endoscopy, X-ray can help determine the condition of internal organs affected by toxins and assess the extent of their damage.

Differential diagnosis

The task of differential diagnostics is to identify poisoning among other diseases similar in their symptoms, as well as from toxicity or the onset of labor.

How to distinguish between pregnancy and poisoning?

With mild poisoning, its manifestations may well be considered toxicosis during pregnancy. How to distinguish between pregnancy and poisoning? First, toxicosis often occurs at the same time, mostly in the mornings, and after a while disappears. It can be characterized by vomiting, as for poisoning, but it is not of an increasing nature, the body temperature does not rise, it does not shiver and there is no diarrhea. In late pregnancy, there may be a relaxed and frequent stool, which is a harbinger of an early birth, but there are no other symptoms inherent in poisoning. Therefore, toxicosis or poisoning during pregnancy is best determined by a doctor with whom you need to consult. To itself to put the diagnosis it is not necessary to not do much harm to the health and a fetus.

[47], [48], [49]

Treatment of the poisoning during pregnancy

Treatment of poisoning in pregnancy, as well as other cases, involves compliance with a certain protocol, which consists in the phased implementation of items in the case when the previous one did not give the result:

1. release from poisons of places of their absorption. To do this, vomiting is caused or the stomach is washed if the toxin has got through the mouth. From the intestine, the poison is removed through cleansing enemas, activated charcoal, enterosorbents, salt laxatives are taken. Warm water is used to remove poison from the skin or mucous membranes;
2. removal of toxins from the blood by the use of detoxification therapy. In mild cases - it is a plentiful drink, there may be a drip of medication intravenously or subcutaneously to speed up the excretion of the poison from the body and restore the water-electrolyte balance. In case of serious poisoning, they can resort to purification of blood outside the kidneys (hemosorption, hemodialysis), outside the body by taking it, cleaning it and returning it to the bloodstream (plasmapheresis);
3. application of antidote therapy. Introduced drugs that neutralize the effect of poisons;
4. posindromnaya therapy. Intensive treatment is performed to correct one or more of the symptoms.

In the case of severe poisoning with gases, resuscitation is used, using a hyperbaric chamber, which heals with oxygen under pressure.

Medications

At the first stage of treatment, enterosorbents are used. In the pharmaceutical market, there are various forms, both natural and modern, created chemically in laboratories, which not only absorb poisons and remove them from the body, but also have medicinal properties. They include enterosgel, smectus, polysorbent, polyphepan, neosmectin, etc.

Neosmectin - a dosage form - a powder, in a package of 3,76 g, has the smell of vanillin. Before taking a suspension, dissolve one packet in 50-100 ml of water. The day shows the reception of 3 packages. Of adverse reactions may cause allergies and constipation. Do not appoint with intestinal obstruction, constipation, hypersensitivity. Pregnant is not contraindicated.

In the second stage, if there are insufficient measures such as abundant drinking and gastric lavage, diuretics are prescribed (urea, furosemide, lazix, manpitol) and droppers (Rigner solution, glucose solution (5-10%), albumin).

Albumin - produced from human plasma, the form of release - a solution of different concentrations. Injected by drip or jet, every day or every other day. The dose is individual, depends on the age of the patient and the clinical picture. There are practically no side effects, in rare cases, an allergy is possible. Contraindicated in patients with thrombosis, high blood pressure, heart failure. Evidence of the inadmissibility of use by pregnant women is not available, so the doctor must decide whether to prescribe the drug.

At the next stage, substances that interact with poisons are used and either destroy them, or bind and remove them from the body. Such products include unitiol, antarsin, sodium thiosulfate, etc.

Uniothiol - is used for alcohol poisoning and lesions with heavy metals, including mercury. The dosage form is a solution injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. When providing first aid for mercury poisoning, a 5% solution of the drug (15 ml per liter of warm water) can be used to enter the stomach through the probe. After 15-20 minutes, you can repeat the procedure of gastric lavage, using a solution of a stronger concentration of utonol (20-40ml). Contraindicated in people with hypersensitivity to the drug, with hypertension, pregnant women, children. But with a serious threat to the life of a pregnant woman, it can often not go about saving the fetus. Side effects are manifested in the form of nausea, dizziness, rapid heartbeat.

Posindromnaya therapy is aimed at the foci of complications that can follow poisoning. So, with burns of the upper respiratory tract, a trachea can be opened to open access to the air, and inhalations are prescribed. Acute pneumonia is treated with antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin). In case of renal insufficiency, a glucose-novocaine mixture is injected, intravenously by injection of 4% sodium bicarbonate solution. When there are abnormalities in the work of the liver resort to medication with methionine, banthionine, thiomendon, lipocaine, glutamic acid.

Methionine - is produced in powders and coated tablets. It is taken orally for half an hour before meals at a dose of 0.5-1.5 g 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment can last from 10 days to a month. Vomiting is possible as a side effect.

What to drink in case of poisoning during pregnancy?

In case of poisoning during pregnancy, it is first necessary to clean the stomach by taking a few glasses of a weak solution of potassium permanganate or a saline solution (2 teaspoons per glass of water), you can soda, causing vomiting after that. After cleaning the stomach requires a lot of drinking, so as to quickly remove toxins from the body. Often, diuretics are prescribed for this purpose. The role of enterosins in poisoning has already been mentioned above.

Activated charcoal during pregnancy during poisoning

The most famous and widely applicable is not one generation of people is activated charcoal. It is used not only for food poisoning, but also for carbon monoxide and household gas, chemical substances. It is an adsorbent of natural origin, made from coal or wood peat in the form of tablets. Compared with more modern drugs, it is characterized by a low rate of passage through the food tract and limited possibilities of absorption of toxins. In order for these processes to pass faster, the tablets can be crushed into a powdery state and before use, 2 tablespoons of powder diluted in a glass of water. Do not take the drug for more than a month. Together with toxins are derived and useful substances. Activated charcoal during pregnancy during poisoning is not contraindicated.

[50]

Smecta in case of poisoning during pregnancy

Smecta is an enterosorbent of a new generation, but also of natural origin. Has a high speed of movement along the gastrointestinal tract, it absorbs toxins well, does not injure the mucous membrane. It is produced in the form of a powder of grayish color in bags of 3g, has the smell of vanilla. For ingestion, it is diluted in water: 1 sachet per half a glass of water, three times a day. The course of admission is not more than a week. The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to components, intestinal obstruction. Constipation is possible from side effects. Pregnant women are not prohibited. When used simultaneously with other medicinal products, it weakens their effect.

Vitamins

All medical measures used to eliminate poisoning, are aimed at removing toxins from the body. Together with them are derived and useful substances, so necessary for the formation of the fetus. Therefore, after stabilizing the condition, pregnant women need to take vitamins and products containing them, to replenish the stock. Buying vitamins in pharmacies, we should not forget that around us they are present in many food products. Vitamins of group B will help to restore the normal processes of digestion:

• B2 (riboflavin) - in cabbage, tomatoes, liver, meat, fish, spinach, broccoli;
• B6 (pyridoxine) - in beef, legumes, fermented milk products, eggs, cabbage;
• B8 (inositol) - in orange, grapefruit, beets, carrots, melons, tomatoes, strawberries.

To increase immunity, you can take vitamins:

• B9 (folic acid) - in the liver, cauliflower, onions, carrots;
• C - in citrus, sweet pepper, currant, dog rose.

Normalizes the work of the gastrointestinal tract vitamin A (retinol), which is a part of the cream and vegetable oil, egg yolk, spinach, carrots, apples, peaches, apricots. Many of the listed vitamins are present in parsley, but do not forget that it is not recommended for pregnant women, since it is not recommended for pregnant women. Can cause an increased tone of the uterus. There are vitamin complexes undevit, pangexavit, decamewith, which are good for rehabilitation after poisoning. And one more immutable rule - to take vitamins can only by agreement with a doctor. Hypervitaminosis - a poisoning with vitamins after the transferred stress to a pregnant woman is useless.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

The spectrum of physiotherapeutic treatment, especially in case of post-dandruff therapy, is quite wide: warming compresses, paraffin applications, ozocerite, and procedures using alternating current, etc. But, unfortunately, they are not applicable in case of pregnancy. Inhalations can be used on the basis of sodium bicarbonate solution with ephedrine and diphenhydramine for burns of the upper respiratory tract. In the case of breathing disorders, oxygen therapy. This procedure is useful, both to the pregnant woman and the fetus. Saturates the body with oxygen.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatment at the first stages of poisoning coincides with the official protocol and consists in gastric lavage. To do this, use abundant drink, which is used as salted water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After that, the gag reflex is called. With diarrhea a good result gives a decoction of dried pomegranate crusts (a tablespoon per cup of boiling water, insist for at least half an hour). Who loves chicken giblets, when stripping the stomachs, do not throw out the yellow film, which he lined. In villages it was always dried and crushed. With diarrhea, a few teaspoons of this powder are enough. If the poisoning is from mercury, other heavy metals or alcohol, a mixture of whipped raw eggs and milk will help. The beneficial effect on the inflamed gastric mucosa as a result of poisoning will be the juice of raw potatoes. One-time dose - half a glass. Good fit mucous decoctions, kissels, everything that envelops the stomach. And yet it is better to consult a doctor, because not only the life of a woman, but also a child is at stake.

[51], [52], [53], [54]

Herbal Treatment

Herbal treatment is a method that is passed on from generation to generation, because many medicines also use medicinal plants in their recipes. When poisoning is advisable to use herbs that have antiseptic, astringent, blood-cleansing properties. When pregnancy is not recommended to use complex combinations of herbs, so as not to harm the health of the fetus. One such plant is not often found in alternative recipes, but often used in homeopathy is a vertebra. The spectrum of its action is very wide, including it is known as an effective remedy for poisonings, diarrhea, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The ground part of the plant and the root are used. You can prepare for drinking decoctions and teas. For this 20g of the crushed plant, pour a glass of water, boil, leave on a steam bath for half an hour, then strain and drink a third of the glass three times a day. With high blood pressure, thrombosis, varicose is not recommended.

The next drug is medicated banana. Has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, blood-restoring effect. In alternative medicine all parts of the plant are used: roots, leaves, seeds, flowers. A spoonful of dry crushed raw material should be combined with a glass of boiling water, hold on for another 5 minutes, cool, drain. Drink before meals 50 mg 3 times a day. Under reduced pressure, varicose is contraindicated.

It fights well with various food poisoning of camel thorn. Most often, its terrestrial part is used. A half liter of boiling water will need 3 tablespoons of the plant. Boil for 5 minutes. And an hour to insist. Take one third of the glass. When urolithic and cholelithiasis is not worth drinking.

There are many and more famous herbs that will help with poisoning: St. John's wort, chamomile, dill, immortelle, etc.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy with poisoning is a good way to overcome the ailment without harming the woman and the fetus. When poisoning with various antidotes are:

• arsenicum album - the drug is made on the basis of arsenic, is used for food poisoning. Arsenic itself is a powerful poison, but its small doses are used for medicinal purposes and even for the treatment of children;
• Carbon vegetalis is vegetable or charcoal. For pregnant women, it can be used in high dilutions, not lower than 12-13;
• Sulfur - is prescribed for alcohol poisoning, lesions with medicines, heavy metals, mercury. Available in granules or drops. It is used in dilutions of C3, C6, C12. The dose is determined by the doctor, depending on the patient's condition. Contraindicated in patients with tuberculosis and intolerance;
• beladonna  - is effective at a poisoning by mushrooms and poisonous substances. Contains alkaloid atropine, which is a good antispasmodic. This fact can have a beneficial effect on the tone of the uterus. Accept alcoholic tincture of the plant for 5-10 drops. You can use and decoctions, infusions.

Operative treatment

Surgical treatment may be necessary for severe poisoning that caused damage to the internal organs, for example, with a burn of the larynx - an emergency tracheotomy or an operation with bleeding of the stomach. Also, if the poisoning has led to the detachment of the placenta in late pregnancy, a caesarean section can be performed.

Diet and nutrition for poisoning during pregnancy

The consequence of poisoning are inflammation of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach, intestines. Therefore, diet and nutrition for poisoning during pregnancy should be well thought out so as not to harm, and restore the functions of the digestive tract. Food should not be rough, not greasy, and food is fractional, but frequent. There should be no dairy, meat or acid foods on the menu. What can you eat when you are pregnant? The first day should generally refrain from eating, but only drink a lot. On the second day you can drink a little vegetable broth and eat a few home-made crackers. Then gradually introduce into the diet rice porridge on the water, meat and fish steamed meatballs, loosely concentrated meat broth, boiled or baked vegetables and fruits (quince, apples, pears), scraped vegetable soups. For drinking, you can prepare decoctions or herbal infusions, which are recommended above.

[55], [56], [57]

Prevention

The best prevention of food poisoning is hygiene. The cleanliness of hands, food, and dishes in which food is stored must be observed. The technology of cooking must be maintained. When buying groceries, you need to check the implementation time. Mushrooms are generally excluded from their diet during pregnancy and feeding the child. In order not to accidentally break a thermometer and not poison with mercury, you can replace it with an electronic one. Feeling the smell of paint or acetone, try to leave this room. Also you need to check the serviceability of household appliances, do not forget on the stove pan, so as not to fill the gas burner and not to poison yourself with gas. It is better to be safe, to show a certain "tediousness", but to avoid a big trouble for yourself and the whole family.

[58], [59]

Forecast

The prognosis for poisoning during pregnancy ranges from favorable for light poisoning to unfavorable in severe cases. So, with food poisoning, in addition to giving the baby an unhealthy state of mother, nothing more threatens. Unless mushrooms are the cause of the disease: pale toadstool gives up to 90% of deaths, and fly agaric - up to 50%. In cases of severe poisoning, especially gases and chemical elements, the blood supply to the fetus may be impaired, leading to miscarriage. There are, though not often, congenital malformations of children, which are associated with the effect of the substance that caused the poisoning.

[60], [61], [62]