Diet of poisoning: general rules

Diet in poisoning is a key method of restoring the normal state and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract when its mucous membranes are damaged by toxins, bacteria or microbes that have got into the body when consuming poor-quality food products.

The body's reaction to food intoxication in the form of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, weakness, chills, and often the temperature rise is defined as acute gastroenteritis, acute toxic gastroenteritis, bacterial gastroenteritis or infectious bacterial enteritis.

Regardless of the terminology (its nuances in this case do not really matter), in any case, a diet is necessary in case of intestinal poisoning.

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Diet for food poisoning

Treatment of poisoning with a diet begins only after the gastric lavage has been performed and sorbents are taken, that is, the remnants of eaten and toxic substances are removed.

After this, the diet for food poisoning begins with a temporary stopping the intake of any food and replacing it with liquid, and in increased volumes. Fasting for one or two days gives the digestive system a breathing space and thereby creates optimal conditions for the elimination of the consequences of a gastrointestinal "accident".

But the use of a large amount of fluid is necessary not only to make up for its loss during vomiting and diarrhea and normalization of water-electrolyte metabolism, but also for the final elimination of toxins from the body. Gastroenterologists note that in such situations, the required minimum of drinking fluid for adults is 2 liters per day.

To drink it is necessary the usual cleared water (if mineral, only not aerated), unsweetened teas (green and black), a compote from dried fruits, broth from hips of a dogrose; with very severe diarrhea - a slimy decoction of white rice. The optimum temperature of the drinks is about + 25 ° C. Drinking should be frequent (2-3 times during each hour), but in small portions (60-80 ml); the liquid should be drunk in small sips, so as not to avoid spasms of the muscles of the esophagus and the urge to vomit. Alternating with other fluids, you should also take special solutions against dehydration (Regidron, Trigidron, Glukosolan, etc.).

What is the diet for poisoning? Of course, it does not cause chemical, mechanical or thermal irritation of the esophagus and stomach, and also does not provoke unnecessary intestinal peristalsis - that is, the most sparing of them. The daily calorie intake should not exceed 2000 kcal, fats and carbohydrates are limited, the dishes should be cooked or steamed. It is recommended to eat in small portions up to 6-7 times a day.

During the first two days after the acute manifestation of symptoms in the diet menu for poisoning includes rusks with tea and porridge. And biscuits are not biscuits purchased, but in the form of well-dried white wheat bread. A welded on the water semi-liquid unsweetened porridge - rice and buckwheat - should be well boiled to a homogeneous state. Buckwheat and rice do not contain the vegetable protein gliadin (gluten) and are completely digested in the stomach, so that the thick intestine does not burden. But there are some doubts about the frequently recommended oatmeal porridge. Oats have this prolamin protein, which is "famous" for being difficult to digest in the small intestine, that is, it additionally loads it and acts on many as a loosening product ... On the other hand, there is a lot of starch in the oatmeal that when cooking porridge turns into mucus, useful for the eruptive intestine. This dilemma was resolved by specialists in therapeutic nutrition and argue that a diet for food poisoning should include oatmeal.

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Diet in child poisoning

Treatment of poisoning in children is carried out by the same rules as in adults. If the poisoning happened to an infant who is breastfed, then for two days the milk volume is reduced by 40%, but the number of feedings is increased. And it is necessary to water the child so that there is no dehydration of the body. Calculation of the daily norm of water (or a solution for rehydration) is as follows: for each kilogram of body weight of a child aged 1-12 months, 150-180 ml of liquid is needed; the entire volume is divided into 18-20 hours and the volume of liquid is obtained for each hour. For example: a child weighs 10 kg, which means that he needs 1500 ml of water per day (150 ml x 10); for each hour 75 ml of water is required (1500 ml: 20). Here these 75 ml and it is necessary to boil the baby for an hour, but not at once, and on a teaspoon every 10 minutes. And this should be done until vomiting and diarrhea cease.

In the following days, it is necessary to increase gradually (no more than 15% per day) the volume of food until it returns to its normal number.

The diet for poisoning in a child older - and the restrictions on foods, and cooking methods, and diet - the same as in adults, but with the exception of milk for at least 12-14 days. The lactose in milk (milk sugar) is digested in the small intestine, and after the poisoning it must be given time to complete recovery.

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Diet with alcohol poisoning

Diet with alcohol poisoning, that is, ethyl alcohol, is a plentiful drink and intake of sorbents, for example, activated charcoal - four tablets every 2-2.5 hours.

Among the signs of alcohol poisoning - facial flushing, impaired coordination, excessive sweating, headache, heart rhythm disturbance, tremor - vomiting is not all affected, and diarrhea is absent. This is because 0.3-0.5% of alcohol in the blood is the strongest toxin for the central nervous system, the heart and, of course, the liver. That is, the gastrointestinal tract for alcoholic poisoning does not react ... As yet it reacts, but not immediately, but with a constant abuse of alcohol, leading to gastritis, stomach ulcer, and cirrhosis of the liver. But now it's not about that, but about what kind of diet with alcohol poisoning will help get rid of his symptoms.

In this case, the food does not matter, most importantly - the use of liquids: sweet tea with lemon, milk, compote, fruit juices or water with natural honey.

As for the recommended products in such cases, it is better to eat a few days in a lightweight mode: vegetable soup, lean meat, porridge (oatmeal and buckwheat), cottage cheese, kefir.

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Recipes of a diet at a poisoning

Recipes diet for poisoning the complexities in the culinary respect are not, but some subtleties of their preparation are available. For example, the same rice and buckwheat porridge.

To make these unpretentious meals a really useful ingredient in the treatment of diet poisoning, they should be cooked correctly. To ensure that rice and buckwheat are well boiled and the porridges are viscous, rinsed cereals should be covered in cold water, and not in boiling water. A salting is necessary only at the very end of cooking. By the way, buckwheat is good not only for cereal, but for soup.

Dietary buckwheat soup

To make soup you need: 1.5 liters of water, half a cup of buckwheat, two medium potatoes, one small carrot and 25 g of butter. Rinse the rump with cold water, bring to a boil and reduce the heat, cook for 10 minutes. Then put in the pan pre-peeled and grated potatoes and carrots, add salt and cook for about 20 minutes - until buckwheat and vegetables are not boiled. Before the end of cooking, add oil. Before serving, you can grind the soup with a blender.

The principles on which the diet is based on poisoning are physiologically sound, therefore such nutrition will help to quickly eliminate the effects of food intoxication.

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What can you eat while poisoning?

Only after stabilization of the condition (cessation of vomiting and decrease in the intensity of diarrhea) is it permissible to use other products. In addition to those already mentioned, the diet for intestinal poisoning includes: soups on light meat or chicken broth (with rice or buckwheat), vegetable soups, mashed potatoes, boiled or steamed lean meat (in powdered form), low-fat sea fish (boiled, steam), eggs (steam omelet or soft-boiled), fat-free cottage cheese, one-day sour-milk products (kefir, yogurt), butter (only in dishes and no more than 30 grams per day).

Then in the diet menu for poisoning you can use baked apples and pears (without sugar), boiled vegetables in the form of puree, cereals with the addition of milk (in proportion to water 1: 3), fruit jelly (except plum). Days through 8-10, you can try to eat a little bit of fresh vegetables and fruits without rough fiber.

What you can not eat when poisoning?

What can not be eaten by poisoning can be determined by the method of elimination. As a result, the ban includes:

• fatty meat, poultry and fish;
• any fresh bread, as well as baking;
• whole milk and hard cheeses;
• any sausages and whole meat gastronomy;
• pearl barley, millet, barley porridge;
• pickles, smoked products, canned food, sauces and condiments;
• white cabbage, beet, radish, radish, onion, garlic;
• beans;
• mushrooms;
• grapes, apricots, dried apricots, dates, prunes;
• all confectionery;
• coffee, cocoa, carbonated and alcoholic beverages.