Poisoning in pregnancy: food poisoning, early and late term, consequences

For any woman whose pregnancy and birth of a child are desired and expected, the greatest tragedy is a miscarriage. Poisoning during pregnancy is one of the factors that can cause not only such an outcome of pregnancy, but also harm the health of the woman herself. We are talking about food, alcohol, chemical poisoning.

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Epidemiology

There are insufficient statistics to draw up an epidemiological picture of poisoning during pregnancy. It is known, for example, that from 1 to 5% of deaths of pregnant women and after childbirth occur as a result of suicide by taking medications. And of all cases of poisoning of pregnant women, 50-80% are due to analgesics, antibiotics, psychotropic drugs and iron-containing drugs. In case of food poisoning, the most sources of infection are found in dairy and meat products, and are also caused by salmonella.

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Causes pregnancy poisoning

The most common poisoning during pregnancy is food poisoning. Many women during this period of their lives are more careful about their diet, but there are exceptions. Potential danger of poisoning comes from products with a short shelf life and those that were not cooked according to the technological process. The following may pose a danger:

• sausages and meat products;
• salads dressed with mayonnaise;
• canned goods and preserves;
• mushrooms;
• fermented milk products;
• creams used in confectionery.

Also, women often face danger from seemingly completely safe vegetables and fruits, which they supplement their diet with in order to saturate their body with vitamins and microelements. During the period of the year when they are not grown en masse in gardens, they can contain nitrates and nitrites that are many times higher than the norm. Alcohol poisoning also occurs among pregnant women. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is a completely irresponsible act on the part of a woman, fraught with far-reaching consequences.

Chemical poisoning caused by:

• tablets;
• paint and household chemicals;
• carbon monoxide and household gas;
• mercury.

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Risk factors

Common risk factors for food poisoning include:

• failure to comply with the expiration dates of certain products;
• violation of the technological cooking cycle, including insufficient heat treatment of food;
• lack of sanitary standards for processing and storage;
• consumption of canned foods, especially canned mushrooms;
• eating foods from other culinary cultures.

Risk factors for chemical poisoning may include:

• careless handling of them in everyday life;
• work in hazardous industries;
• the immediate proximity of large industrial sources of harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
• gas leak;
• careless behavior with a thermometer containing mercury.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of poisoning during pregnancy is no different from poisoning in other people. Poisons can enter the body through the mouth (mainly food poisoning), through the skin and mucous membranes (mercury, dye vapors, boric acid, bites of poisonous animals) and through the respiratory tract (carbon monoxide and household gases, mercury, solvents and paints). The disease first goes through a latent stage, then the stage of poison absorption, then late complications and recovery.

How does poisoning affect pregnancy?

Can poisoning affect pregnancy? Everything depends on the severity of the poisoning and the pregnancy period. Intoxication of the body, accompanying poisoning, is a real threat, both for the mother and the future child, because it causes various failures in metabolic processes and leads to a violation of the blood supply to the fetus. In addition, toxins can penetrate the fetus through the placenta (in the case of poisoning with mushrooms or mercury), and dehydration of the body due to vomiting and diarrhea can wash out nutrients necessary for the growth and development of the fetus. Diarrhea, accompanying poisoning, causes increased intestinal peristalsis, and this can provoke increased tone of the uterus and the threat of miscarriage.

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Symptoms pregnancy poisoning

Symptoms of poisoning during pregnancy are the same as in all other people. Depending on the nature of the lesion and the characteristics of the toxin that has entered the body, changes may be observed in the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), liver and kidneys, central nervous system (excited or, conversely, depressed, fainting, coma, convulsions) and sometimes cardiovascular (tachycardia, acute heart failure).

First signs

Most often, pregnant women suffer from food poisoning. The first signs may appear 2-4 hours after the pathogen enters the body, and sometimes earlier. As a rule, it all begins with nausea and vomiting, intestinal spasms, leading to frequent bowel movements. The stool is liquid with particles of undigested food, often with mucus and bloody fragments. An increase in temperature is possible. If the poisoning is caused by salmonella or botulism, then double vision occurs, often hallucinations. Mild alcohol intoxication causes euphoria, excitement, and severe intoxication ends in a coma. In case of gas poisoning, the first symptoms depend on their severity. The first signs of a mild form of poisoning with household gas are weakness, dizziness, pain in the eyes, drowsiness. When exposed to carbon monoxide, a headache begins, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat appear. In case of poisoning with tablets, weakness, increased sweating, drowsiness, irregular heartbeats, and constriction of the pupils are observed. Mercury poisoning will manifest itself as profuse salivation, swelling and bleeding of the gums, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and a metallic taste in the mouth.

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Temperature in case of poisoning during pregnancy

Temperature in case of poisoning during pregnancy depends on the nature and degree of poisoning. Acute intoxication of the body, as a rule, is accompanied by a high temperature. In case of food poisoning, a temperature of up to 40 degrees is caused by such a pathogen as salmonella. If the poisoning is caused by staphylococcus, then it is usually not high.

Vomiting due to poisoning during pregnancy

Vomiting during pregnancy poisoning can be caused not only by food products, but also by toxic substances: medicines, alcohol, drugs; household and carbon monoxide, toxic fumes, chemicals. In the early stages of poisoning, vomiting is a positive phenomenon, because it removes poisons from the body. But with uncontrolled vomiting, when the woman is unconscious, vomit can enter the respiratory tract and asphyxiation can occur.

Diarrhea due to poisoning during pregnancy

Diarrhea due to poisoning during pregnancy is caused by food poisoning. Microorganisms - pathogens of infections when they enter the stomach and intestines multiply and then die, releasing toxins that irritate the mucous membrane and lead to its swelling. The walls of the inflamed intestines secrete protein fluid and mucus in increased volume. A large amount of fluid provokes diarrhea. Feces during diarrhea are often colored green and have a foul odor. There may be bloody discharge and mucus in the feces.

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Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy

Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy is very dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. This danger may lie in wait for women living in private homes with stove heating. An untimely closed stove damper may lead to an increased concentration of carbon dioxide - carbon monoxide. Another source of poisoning may be a malfunction of a car with a broken exhaust system, or a garage, faulty heating devices, as well as a fire. Carbon monoxide has neither odor nor color, so it is difficult to recognize its high concentration. It enters the body through the lungs, very actively reunites with hemoglobin, depriving it of the ability to carry oxygen to the tissues of organs. As a result, oxygen starvation occurs.

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Domestic gas poisoning during pregnancy

Poisoning with household gas during pregnancy is caused by methane, which is used in kitchen stoves for cooking. A gas leak and its concentration in the air at a level of 20-30% with an oxygen concentration below 21% leads to poisoning. The gas is colorless, but has a characteristic faint odor, which can alert and prevent poisoning. For pregnant women, it is no less dangerous than carbon monoxide.

Pill poisoning during pregnancy

Poisoning with pills during pregnancy is unlikely to happen by accident, because all women during this period avoid taking medications and drink them as an inevitability in case of a serious threat to their life or the fetus. Most often, overdoses occur with sleeping pills, tranquilizers, antidepressants, and drugs containing narcotics. Whether such poisonings are accidental or intentional, they pose a real threat to life.

Alcohol poisoning during pregnancy

Unfortunately, not only responsible women give birth to children, but also those for whom the bad habit of drinking is the norm of life. If a pregnant woman drinks a sip of quality alcoholic beverage, nothing will happen. However, taking surrogates or alcoholic beverages in large quantities can cause alcohol poisoning during pregnancy. Ethyl alcohol contained in alcohol has a detrimental effect on the child's body: oxygen starvation occurs, which especially affects the brain, heart, kidneys and other organs of the fetus. The blood vessels of the placenta also narrow and the child does not receive the nutrients necessary for its growth. As a result, the fetus may develop fetal alcohol syndrome, causing mental retardation and physical deformities. Severe alcohol intoxication of the pregnant woman's body can generally lead to the fetus freezing in the womb.

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Paint poisoning during pregnancy

Even without using paint at home or observing all precautions when working with them, a woman can get paint poisoning during pregnancy from neighbors or at work. The body will react to the poisoning with the taste of acetone in the mouth, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and there may be diarrhea. The effect of paint vapors and solvent on the body of a pregnant woman can cause a burn of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to difficulty breathing, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, and cardiovascular disorders. If you smell paint in a room, you must leave it as quickly as possible.

Mercury Poisoning During Pregnancy

Mercury is a heavy metal used in industry in various compounds. In everyday life, it is found in thermometers, energy-saving fluorescent lamps. In food products - mainly in seafood: fish, shellfish. Fortunately, mercury poisoning during pregnancy is very rare. The metal can enter the body through the lungs, by inhaling vapors, through the skin and directly inside through the mouth. Mercury poisoning is dangerous due to fetal intoxication, which can lead to miscarriage. There are statistics on the birth of children with mental disabilities in women who live on the coasts of the seas and eat mainly fish products (from 1.5 to 17 children with mental retardation per 1 thousand).

Poisoning during early pregnancy

In case of mild poisoning during early pregnancy, most likely nothing will happen that will harm the mother or the baby. Thus, food poisoning, with the exception of mushroom poisoning, does not pose a threat to the fetus, but only troubles for the mother. Severe forms of poisoning can lead to miscarriage, the threat of delayed or abnormal development due to fetal hypoxia due to disruption of blood supply and lack of nutrients, and its freezing.

Poisoning during late pregnancy

Poisoning during late pregnancy in severe forms is extremely dangerous for both the mother and the fetus. Premature labor may begin, bleeding may occur, placental abruption may occur, or placental insufficiency may occur.

Stages

According to the clinical picture of poisoning, they are divided into acute and chronic. There are two stages of acute poisoning, which are determined by the body's reaction to the entry of foreign elements:

• toxicogenic - an early clinical stage, when the poison enters the body, causing certain first signs of poisoning;
• somatogenic - the stage of destruction and absorption of poison, causing disturbances in the functions of systems and organs.

Depending on the severity of the disease, poisoning can be mild, moderate, severe, or extremely severe.

Mild poisoning during pregnancy

Mild poisoning during pregnancy produces a clinical picture similar to toxicosis. This may include nausea, short-term vomiting, loose, not very frequent stools. If the poisoning occurred at an early stage of pregnancy, it may well be perceived as a manifestation of toxicosis.

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Acute poisoning during pregnancy

Acute poisoning during pregnancy is perceived by the body as chemical damage caused by a single dose of toxic poison. Such poisonings are either accidental or intentional. The symptoms of the disease depend on the body's reaction to the toxic agent that caused this poisoning and are described above. Acute poisoning, especially in severe forms, can harm both the woman and her unborn child.

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Complications and consequences

The consequences and complications of poisoning during pregnancy depend on the physical and chemical factors that caused the intoxication, the concentration of toxic substances and organs where they accumulate, the routes and regularity of entry into the body: one-time, repeated or constant. The immunity of the pregnant woman and the body's ability to resist foreign agents are also important. The speed of response to the manifestations of poisoning plays a very important role in reducing the severity of damage to the body. Each type of poisoning, to one degree or another, poses a threat to the fetus, and often to the woman herself.

Why is poisoning dangerous during pregnancy?

What is the danger of poisoning during pregnancy? Vomiting and diarrhea accompanying poisoning lead to dehydration of the pregnant woman's body, the blood becomes thick, and the risk of blood clots develops. The level of the hormone oxytocin also increases, which in normal conditions stimulates the muscles of the uterus, and in high concentrations causes increased tone, which can lead to miscarriage. A woman's long-term pathological condition also has a detrimental effect on the fetus. In severe poisoning with mushrooms and chemical elements, sometimes we can only talk about saving the life of the expectant mother, and not always successfully.

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Diagnostics pregnancy poisoning

Diagnosis of poisoning during pregnancy consists of determining the etiology and pathogenesis of intoxication. In a conversation with the patient or her relatives, it is necessary to establish what substance presumably caused the poisoning, its dose, and the time of exposure. It is also necessary to establish a complete picture of clinical manifestations and assess the severity of damage to the body and potential threats to the life of the mother and fetus: dangerous, potentially dangerous, or life-threatening. For the same purpose, temperature, pressure, and pulse are measured. Laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostics will help answer these questions.

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Tests

When examining a poisoned person, the doctor may order a stool test to check for blood and mucus for proper diagnosis. Vomit or food remains may be sent for testing to identify the toxin that caused the poisoning. A urine test will show how much the body is dehydrated and whether the kidneys are damaged. A blood test will help to see changes in the blood formula to determine the severity of the condition.

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Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnostics using ultrasound, endoscopy, and X-ray methods will help determine the condition of internal organs affected by toxins and assess the extent of their damage.

Differential diagnosis

The task of differential diagnostics is to identify poisoning among other diseases similar in their symptoms, as well as from toxicosis or the onset of labor.

How to distinguish pregnancy from poisoning?

In mild cases of poisoning, its manifestations can be easily mistaken for toxicosis during pregnancy. How to distinguish pregnancy from poisoning? Firstly, toxicosis often occurs at the same time, mainly in the morning, and disappears after a while. It may be characterized by vomiting, as with poisoning, but it does not increase in nature, the body temperature does not rise, there is no chills and there is no diarrhea. In the late stages of pregnancy, loose and frequent stools may appear, which is a harbinger of imminent labor, but there are no other symptoms inherent in poisoning. Therefore, toxicosis or poisoning during pregnancy is best determined by a doctor, with whom you need to consult. You should not diagnose yourself so as not to harm your health and the fetus.

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Treatment pregnancy poisoning

Treatment of poisoning during pregnancy, as well as other cases, requires adherence to a certain protocol, which consists of step-by-step implementation of points in the event that the previous one did not give a result:

1. Removal of poisons from the places of their absorption. To do this, vomiting is induced or the stomach is washed out if the toxin entered through the mouth. The poison is removed from the intestines through cleansing enemas, activated carbon, enterosorbents, and saline laxatives are taken. Warm water is used to remove the poison from the skin or mucous membranes;
2. removing toxins from the blood by using detoxification therapy. In mild cases, this means drinking plenty of fluids, or intravenous or subcutaneous drip administration of medications to speed up the removal of the poison from the body and restore water and electrolyte balance. In cases of severe poisoning, they may resort to cleansing the blood outside the kidneys (hemosorption, hemodialysis), outside the body by collecting it, cleaning it, and returning it to the bloodstream (plasmapheresis);
3. use of antidote therapy. Drugs are administered that neutralize the effect of poisons;
4. Syndrome therapy. Intensive treatment is carried out to correct one or more symptoms.

In cases of severe gas poisoning, resuscitation measures are used using a hyperbaric chamber, which is used to treat with oxygen under pressure.

Medicines

Enterosorbents are used at the first stage of treatment. There are different forms of them on the pharmaceutical market, both natural and modern, created chemically in laboratories, which not only absorb poisons and remove them from the body, but also have medicinal properties. These include enterosgel, smecta, polysorb, polyphepan, neosmectin, etc.

Neosmectin is a dosage form - powder, 3.76 g in a package, has a vanillin smell. Before taking, you need to prepare a suspension by dissolving one package in 50-100 ml of water. It is recommended to take 3 packages per day. Side effects may include allergies and constipation. Do not prescribe for intestinal obstruction, constipation, hypersensitivity. It is not contraindicated for pregnant women.

At the second stage, if measures such as drinking plenty of fluids and gastric lavage are insufficient, diuretics (urea, furosemide, lasix, manpitol) and IVs (Rigner's solution, glucose solution (5-10%), albumin) are prescribed.

Albumin is made from human plasma, the release form is a solution of different concentrations. It is administered orally by drip or jet, every day or every other day. The dose is individual, depending on the patient's age and clinical picture. There are practically no side effects, in rare cases, an allergy is possible. Contraindicated in patients suffering from thrombosis, high blood pressure, heart failure. There is no evidence that it is inadmissible for pregnant women, so the doctor must decide on the advisability of prescribing the drug.

At the next stage, substances are used that interact with poisons and either destroy them or bind and remove them from the body. Such drugs include unitiol, antarsin, sodium thiosulfate, etc.

Unithiol is used for alcohol poisoning and heavy metal poisoning, including mercury. The dosage form is a solution, administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. When providing first aid for mercury poisoning, a 5% solution of the drug (15 ml per liter of warm water) can be used for administration into the stomach through a tube. After 15-20 minutes, the gastric lavage procedure can be repeated using a solution of a stronger concentration of utinol (20-40 ml). Contraindicated for people with increased sensitivity to the drug, with arterial hypertension, pregnant women, and children. But in the case of a serious threat to the life of a pregnant woman, it may no longer be a question of saving the fetus. Side effects manifest themselves in the form of nausea, dizziness, and rapid heartbeat.

Syndromic therapy is aimed at the foci of complications that may follow poisoning. Thus, in case of burns of the upper respiratory tract, the trachea can be opened to open access to air, inhalations are prescribed. Acute pneumonia is treated with antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin). In case of renal failure, a glucose-novocaine mixture is administered, intravenous injections of 4% sodium bicarbonate solution are administered. When liver dysfunction occurs, drug therapy with methionine, banthionine, thiomendon, lipocaine, and glutamic acid is used.

Methionine – available in powders and coated tablets. Taken orally half an hour to an hour before meals in a dose of 0.5-1.5 g 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment can last from 10 days to a month. Vomiting is possible as a side effect.

What to drink for poisoning during pregnancy?

In case of poisoning during pregnancy, it is necessary to first cleanse the stomach by taking several glasses of a weak solution of potassium permanganate or a saline solution (2 teaspoons per glass of water), you can use soda, after which you induce vomiting. After cleaning the stomach, you need to drink plenty of fluids to quickly remove toxins from the body with urine. Diuretics are often prescribed for this purpose. The role of enterosobents in poisoning has already been mentioned above.

Activated carbon during pregnancy for poisoning

The most famous and widely used by more than one generation of people is activated carbon. It is used not only for food poisoning, but also for injuries caused by carbon monoxide and household gas, chemicals. This is an adsorbent of natural origin, made from coal or wood peat in the form of tablets. Compared to more modern drugs, it is characterized by a low speed of passage through the digestive tract and limited ability to absorb toxins. To speed up these processes, you can crush the tablets into a powder and dilute 2 tablespoons of powder in a glass of water before use. You should not take the drug for more than a month, because useful substances are excreted along with toxins. Activated carbon is not contraindicated during pregnancy in case of poisoning.

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Smecta for poisoning during pregnancy

Smecta is a new generation enterosorbent, but also of natural origin. It has a high speed of movement through the gastrointestinal tract, absorbs toxins well, does not injure the mucous membrane. It is produced in the form of a grayish powder in 3g sachets, has a vanilla smell. For oral administration, dilute in water: 1 sachet per half a glass of water, three times a day. The course of administration is no more than a week. The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components, intestinal obstruction. Constipation is possible from side effects. It is not prohibited for pregnant women. When used simultaneously with other drugs, it weakens their effect.

Vitamins

All treatments used to eliminate poisoning are aimed at removing toxins from the body. Along with them, useful substances that are so necessary for the formation of the fetus are also removed. Therefore, after the condition has stabilized, pregnant women need to take vitamins and products containing them to replenish their reserves. When buying vitamins in pharmacies, do not forget that they are present in many foods around us. B vitamins will help return digestion processes to normal:

• B2 (riboflavin) - in cabbage, tomatoes, liver, meat, fish, spinach, broccoli;
• B6 (pyridoxine) - in beef, legumes, fermented milk products, eggs, cabbage;
• B8 (inositol) – in oranges, grapefruit, beets, carrots, melons, tomatoes, strawberries.

To boost your immunity, you can take vitamins:

• B9 (folic acid) - in liver, cauliflower, onions, carrots;
• C – in citrus fruits, sweet peppers, currants, rose hips.

Vitamin A (retinol), which is found in butter and vegetable oil, egg yolk, spinach, carrots, apples, peaches, and apricots, normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Many of the listed vitamins are present in parsley, but do not forget that it is not recommended for pregnant women, as it can cause increased uterine tone. There are vitamin complexes undevit, pangeksavit, dekamevit, which are well suited for rehabilitation after poisoning. And one more immutable rule - you can take vitamins only with the consent of a doctor. Hypervitaminosis - poisoning with vitamins after stress is not necessary for a pregnant woman.

Physiotherapy treatment

The spectrum of physiotherapeutic treatment, especially in syndrome therapy, is quite wide - these include warming compresses, paraffin applications, ozokerite, and procedures using alternating electric current, etc. But, unfortunately, all of them are not applicable in case of pregnancy. Inhalations based on sodium bicarbonate solution with ephedrine and diphenhydramine can be used for burns of the upper respiratory tract. In case of respiratory disorders - oxygen therapy. This procedure is useful for both the pregnant woman and the fetus, as it saturates the body with oxygen.

Folk remedies

Folk treatment at the first stages of poisoning coincides with the official protocol and consists of washing the stomach. For this, drink plenty of fluids, such as salted water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After this, induce a gag reflex. In case of diarrhea, a decoction of dried pomegranate peels (a tablespoon per glass of boiling water, leave for at least half an hour) gives a good result. Those who like chicken giblets should not throw away the yellow film that lines the stomach when cutting up the stomachs. In villages, it was always dried and crushed. In case of diarrhea, a few teaspoons of such powder are enough. If the poisoning was caused by mercury, other heavy metals or alcohol, a mixture of beaten raw eggs with milk will help. Juice of raw potatoes will have a beneficial effect on the inflamed gastric mucosa as a result of poisoning. A single dose is half a glass. Mucous decoctions, jelly, and anything that coats the stomach are good. But it is still better to consult a doctor, because not only the life of the woman is at stake, but also the child.

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Herbal treatment

Herbal treatment is a method that is passed down from generation to generation, because many medicines also use medicinal plants in their recipes. In case of poisoning, it is advisable to use herbs that have antiseptic, astringent, blood-purifying properties. During pregnancy, it is not recommended to use complex combinations of herbs, so as not to harm the health of the fetus. One of these plants is loosestrife, which is not often found in folk recipes, but is often used in homeopathy. Its spectrum of action is very wide, including it is known as an effective remedy for poisoning, diarrhea, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Both the above-ground part of the plant and the root are used. You can prepare decoctions and teas for drinking. To do this, pour 20 g of chopped plant with a glass of water, boil, leave in a steam bath for half an hour, then strain and drink a third of a glass three times a day. Not recommended for high blood pressure, thrombosis, varicose veins.

The next remedy is Bergenia officinalis. It has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, hemostatic effects. In folk medicine, all parts of the plant are used: roots, leaves, seeds, flowers. Combine a spoonful of dry crushed raw materials with a glass of boiling water, keep on the fire for another 5 minutes, cool, strain. Drink 50 mg before meals 3 times a day. Contraindicated for low blood pressure, varicose veins.

Camel thorn fights various food poisonings well. Its above-ground part is used more often. For half a liter of boiling water you will need 3 tablespoons of the plant. Boil for 5 minutes and leave for an hour. Take one third of a glass. Do not drink if you have urolithiasis or gallstone disease.

There are many more well-known herbs that can help with poisoning: St. John's wort, chamomile, dill, immortelle, etc.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy for poisoning is a good way to overcome the disease without harming the woman and the fetus. For poisoning, various antidotes are:

• arsenicum album - a drug made on the basis of arsenic, used for food poisoning. Arsenic itself is a strong poison, but small doses of it are used for medicinal purposes and even for treating children;
• Carbo vegetabilis is a vegetable or charcoal. For pregnant women it can be used in high dilutions, not less than 12-13;
• sulfur - prescribed for alcohol poisoning, damage by medications, heavy metals, mercury. Available in granules or drops. Used in dilutions C3, C6, C12. The dose is determined by the doctor, depending on the patient's condition. Contraindicated for patients with tuberculosis and intolerance;
• Belladonna - effective against poisoning by mushrooms and toxic substances. Contains the alkaloid atropine, which is a good antispasmodic. This fact can have a beneficial effect on the tone of the uterus. Take an alcohol tincture of the plant 5-10 drops. You can also use decoctions and infusions.

Surgical treatment

Surgical treatment may be necessary in cases of severe poisoning that has caused damage to internal organs, for example, in case of a laryngeal burn - emergency tracheotomy or surgery for stomach bleeding. Also, if poisoning has led to placental abruption in the late stages of pregnancy, a cesarean section may be performed.

Diet and nutrition for poisoning during pregnancy

The consequences of poisoning are inflammation of the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Therefore, the diet and nutrition in case of poisoning during pregnancy should be well thought out so as not to harm, but to restore the functions of the digestive tract. Food should not be coarse, not fatty, and meals should be fractional, but frequent. The menu should not include dairy, meat, or sour products. What can you eat in case of poisoning during pregnancy? On the first day, you should abstain from eating at all, and only drink a lot. On the second day, you can drink some vegetable broth and eat a few homemade crackers. Then gradually introduce rice porridge in water, steamed meat and fish meatballs, weakly concentrated meat broth, boiled or baked vegetables and fruits (quince, apples, pears), and mashed vegetable soups into the diet. For drinking, you can prepare decoctions or infusions of herbs, which are recommended above.

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Prevention

The best prevention of food poisoning is hygiene. Hands, food, and dishes in which food is stored must be kept clean. Cooking technology must be followed. When buying food in grocery stores, check the expiration dates. Mushrooms should be excluded from your diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In order not to accidentally break a thermometer and not get mercury poisoning, you can replace it with an electronic one. If you smell paint or acetone, try to leave the room. You also need to check the serviceability of household appliances, do not forget about pots on the stove, so as not to flood the gas burner and not get gas poisoning. It is better to be on the safe side, to show a certain "pedantry", but to avoid big trouble for yourself and the whole family.

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Forecast

The prognosis for poisoning during pregnancy varies from favorable in mild cases to unfavorable in severe cases. Thus, in case of food poisoning, apart from the fact that the baby will be infected with the mother's unhealthy condition, there is no other threat. Unless the disease is caused by mushrooms: the death cap causes up to 90% of fatal cases, and the fly agaric - up to 50%. In case of severe poisoning, especially gases and chemical elements, the blood supply to the fetus may be disrupted, which will lead to a miscarriage. Congenital defects of children do occur, although not often, which are associated with the effect of the substance that caused the poisoning.

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