Hypocalcemia is the concentration of total calcium in the serum of less than 8 mg / dL (less than 2 mmol / l) in term infants and less than 7 mg / dL (less than 1.75 mmol / L) in premature infants. It is also defined as the ionized calcium level of less than 3.0-4.4 mg / dL (less than 0.75-1.10 mmol / L), depending on the method used (type of electrode).
Hypercalcemia is defined as the level of total calcium in the serum above 12 mg / dL (3 mmol / L) or ionized calcium greater than 6 mg / dl (1.5 mmol / L). The most common cause is iatrogenia.
Nuclear jaundice (bilirubin encephalopathy) is a brain damage caused by the deposition of bilirubin in the basal ganglia and the nuclei of the brainstem.
A premature baby is a child born before 37 weeks of gestation. The full term of gestation is 40 weeks. In children born before 37 weeks of gestation, there is an increased incidence of complications and mortality, which is approximately proportional to the degree of prematurity.
The transferred child is an infant born after the 42nd week of gestation. Reasons for child retention are usually unknown. Very rarely, this can occur because of anomalies that affect the pituitary-adrenal fetal system (eg, anencephaly or adrenal adenosis).
Intracranial hemorrhage into the brain tissue or into surrounding tissues can occur in any newborn, but especially often develop in premature babies; About 20% of premature newborns with a birth weight less than 1500 g have intracranial hemorrhage.
Approximately 10% of newborns need, to varying degrees, resuscitation during childbirth. The reasons for this are numerous, but most of them include asphyxia or respiratory depression. The frequency increases significantly when the birth weight is less than 1500 g.
Sleep disorders in a child after this age take different forms, including the difficulty of falling asleep at night, frequent nocturnal awakenings, atypical drowsiness during the day, dependence on feeding or staying on hands in order to fall asleep.
Fear of separation is manifested by the crying of the child, when the parents leave the room. Usually begins at the age of 8 months, peak intensity reaches between 10 and 18 months, disappears, as a rule, to 24 months.
