Yellow cyst during pregnancy

The yellow cyst during pregnancy is formed instead of a yellow body developing in the ovary after ovulation.

Functional duties of the yellow body - is the development of progesterone, which creates in the female body the conditions for the onset and normal course of pregnancy. In case the conception does not occur, the activity of the yellow body weakens, and it should gradually regress and disappear at the end of the monthly cycle.

If the conception is successful, the yellow body continues to synthesize the hormone for another 12 weeks, after which the placenta will take over this function. However, this does not always happen: according to statistics, in 5% of patients the yellow body does not lend itself to involution and continues its existence in the form of a cyst.

Causes of a yellow body cyst during pregnancy

Development of the yellow body takes place in four stages:

• at the first stage the follicle cells multiply, which burst (immediately after ovulation);
• at the second stage the cells germinate into the vascular tissue;
• at the third stage there is a hormonal flowering, an increase in the yellow body to two centimeters, the beginning of the production of the necessary hormones;
• at the fourth stage, the development of education is reversed, the cells regress and completely replaced with a connective tissue.

The yellow body should exist for about 14 days, and with successful conception its function, in addition to the synthesis of hormones, is also the regulation of contractions of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

Cystic formation of the yellow body is capable of development both in the post-vascular period and during pregnancy. The cause of this can be a disorder of blood flow and lymphatic drainage of tissues in the appendage zone.

The formation of a cyst can be facilitated by the use of certain medications (in particular, hormonal drugs, contraceptives), excessive physical and stressful overload, poor nutrition (prolonged sitting on limited diets, lack of food), inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs (in particular, sexual infections); affecting the appendages. To the listed factors it is possible to add and endocrine disorders: malfunctions in work of a thyroid gland and a pituitary body.

Another version of the causes of cyst formation is a congenital factor when a woman has a tendency to cyst formation from birth. The triggering mechanism in this case can serve as a hormonal splash in pregnancy or inflammatory reactions in the appendages.

[1], [2], [3]

Symptoms of a yellow body cyst during pregnancy

Cystic neoplasm of the yellow body often proceeds without any obvious symptoms. Only in some cases large cysts can exert pressure on nearby organs and tissues, contributing to the appearance of abdominal pains with possible irradiation into the lumbar region.

Cysts are more often found randomly during the passage of a planned ultrasound. Rare signs that a woman can notice are:

• a discomforting feeling of pressure, of gravity in the lower abdomen, to the right or left of the umbilical zone;
• soreness becomes more pronounced when walking or running at a fast pace, with sexual contact, sharp slopes or corners.

More vivid symptoms appear, as a rule, with the development of complications of the disease.

• Twisting or squeezing nerves and vessels that innervate and nourish the appendages. This situation can develop due to excessive physical activity with a large size of cystic education. The condition is accompanied by colic in the groin area, dyspeptic disorders, the release of cold sweat, the appearance of weakness and dizziness, hypotension.
• Rupture of cystic education. In the cyst of the yellow body is rare, since the formation has a thick enough capsule. The condition is accompanied by sharp pains in the places of projection of the ovaries, a semi-fainting condition, nausea, dizziness.
• Internal hemorrhage. If the cyst is located in the region of the vessel, there may be a release of blood into the ovary cavity, as well as into the abdominal cavity (apoplexy of the ovary). The state of health in such a complication depends on the amount of blood lost. It can be drowsiness, inhibition of reactions, pallor and cyanosis of the skin, lowering of pressure, tachycardia.

Such conditions require urgent medical intervention and hospitalization.

Diagnosis of cyst of the yellow body in pregnancy

Diagnosis of cystic education, in addition to a careful questioning of the patient, includes:

• examination by a gynecologist - is determined by the method of palpation of the densification in the appendage area of the uterus;
• ultrasound - examination of the abdominal cavity organs - allows to see echogenic volumetric neoplasm and to specify its dimensions;
• laparoscopic diagnostic method - the most informative method, can be used simultaneously for both diagnosis and removal of the tumor;
• hormonal studies - due to the analysis it is possible to identify violations of the hormonal balance of the woman;
• Other laboratory studies aimed at finding an infection that provoked inflammation in the appendages.

Individual consultation may require a surgeon, reproductive specialist.

[4], [5]

Treatment of cyst of the yellow body in pregnancy

The tactics of treatment for the detection of cystic formation of the yellow body during pregnancy may differ. Often, the doctor just watches the cyst for 3 months.

The yellow cyst is not a threat to the baby or the patient, and often does not affect the course of pregnancy. However, it is necessary to observe it, controlling its growth with ultrasound. If the cyst has a persistent tendency to increase, the doctor may decide to carry out surgery to avoid complications in the future.

However, for the most part, such cysts self-destruct as early as the 20th week of gestation, when the production of progesterone completely falls on the placental coat. Even in situations where pregnancy occurred against the background of an already existing yellow cyst, education should be stopped alone by the time of the final formation of the placenta.

If the involution of the cyst has not occurred, surgical treatment can be prescribed. Such treatment is also used in situations with rupture and twisting of cystic education.

Laparoscopic method of surgical intervention is a gentle operation, which can be carried out even during pregnancy. Removal of the formation is carried out by means of three small punctures (approximately 1.5 cm) of the anterior abdominal wall. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. Trauma surgery is so small that the next day the patient can be discharged home.

Pregnant women after a cystectomy surgery usually take additional treatment aimed at maintaining a pregnancy.

Prevention of cyst of the yellow body in pregnancy

Since the factors of the development of cystic formation of the yellow body in pregnancy have not been thoroughly studied, there are no specific methods of preventing the disease.

The general principles of preventive measures can be aimed at reducing physical exertion, general strengthening of the body, maintaining immunity, stable hormonal background.

• During pregnancy, you must avoid physical exertion, especially the hull and anterior abdominal wall;
• exclude physical procedures, thermal effects on the abdomen, mud and other wraps;
• to exclude active stay in the sun, visit to the bath, solarium;
• eat properly, avoid mono-diet, eat enough vegetables and greens, drink clean water;
• avoid stress, psycho-emotional stress, protect the nervous system, walk more in the fresh air, do not overwork.

If you feel uncomfortable discomfort in the ovaries, be sure to tell your supervising doctor about it, visit the ultrasound room to remove all suspicions.

The prognosis of the cyst of the yellow body during pregnancy is very favorable. A regular visit to a gynecologist is a guarantee that the yellow cyst during pregnancy will not progress, but will reverse development, as it should be in a healthy female body.