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N-anticholinergics
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Gangleron . The drug has ganglioblokiruyuschim, central holinoliticheskim, spasmolytic and anesthetic action.
Gangleron is a persistent substance that slowly hydrolyzes in the body. It dilates the vessels, causing an antihypertensive effect.
With the pathology of the cardiovascular system, the use of gangleron at a dose of 1-3 mg / kg of body weight significantly suppresses heart reflexes, normalizes the pathological shifts of the electrocardiogram, improves myocardial nutrition, reduces the flow of vasoconstrictor impulses to the coronary vessels. It is also very effective to use gangleron in hypertensive disease.
In a series of studies of the influence of ganglion on the supply of oxygen to the body, it was shown that in a dose of 0.5-1 mg / kg the drug gradually increases the oxygen content by 7.1 ± 1.8% in the arterial blood by the 20-30th minute. At the same time, a sharp but short increase in the oxygen content in venous blood (9.4 ± 1.6%) is observed at doses of 2-3 mg / kg, and an increase in the venous blood flow volume by 9.4 ± 3.1%. The arterial pressure decreases gradually, decreasing by 18,0 ± 7,4 % in 60 minutes after the introduction of gangleron in a dose of 2-3 mg / kg. With the introduction of gangleron in a dose of 2-5 mg / kg, a significant increase in the oxygen content in the blood was noted - by 20-70% of the baseline level. Thus, the use of gangleron leads to a significant increase in oxygenation of arterial blood, a reduction in dyspnea and an increase in oxygen consumption by tissues. This, probably, determines its beneficial effect in the treatment of angina and other diseases.
It is established that gangleron has a stimulating effect on the uterus. He selectively blocks the impulses in the parasympathetic ganglia. The drug thus revealed an acetylcholine-like effect. Consequently, along with ganglion blocking activity, the substance has a cholinergic effect, and this effect is manifested at the level of postganglionic cholinergic synapses.
Gangleron is used for 2-4 ml intramuscularly or intravenously: a single dose (4 ml of a 1.5% solution - 60 mg), daily (12 ml of a 1.5% solution).
The Quateron. The drug blocks the excitation in the parasympathetic and to a lesser extent sympathetic ganglia, exerts some coronary expansive action. Has hypotensive effect and, what is very important, for midwifery practice, normalizes blood pressure with pituitrin hypertension. Quataron is especially indicated for conditions accompanied by an increased tone of parasympathetic nerves and smooth mucus.
When taking a quater, there may be side effects - dizziness, a tendency to constipation, mild tachycardia. There are no specific contraindications to the use of the quateron.
In experimental studies conducted on cats and rabbits, it was found that intravenous administration of a quateron at doses of 0.02-0.05 mg / kg stimulates the motor activity of the uterus, causing an increase and increase in waves of contractions of the uterine musculature lasting up to 2 hours. Very important is the following fact established by the author - while simultaneously recording abbreviations from the horn and cervix, along with an increase in the motor activity of the horny nervous system, the cervix relaxes. When determining some biochemical parameters, along with the strengthening of uterine contractile activity, the cholinesterase activity of tissues decreased, the content of acetylcholine increased. In addition, it has been shown that H-cholinolytics (gangleron, quateron) when applied to stimulate uterine contractions during the weakness of labor activity have a pronounced rhodostimulating effect.
Dosage: 30-40 mg orally 3 times a day. Higher doses for adults: inside single dose - 0.05 g, daily - 0.2 g.
Pentamine. The most characteristic feature of the action of pentamine is its ability to block the transfer of impulses in the autonomic ganglia.
The indications are basically the same as for other similar ganglion blockers. There is considerable experience in the use of pentamines in hypertensive crises, spasm of peripheral vessels, intestinal and biliary tract spasms, renal colic, bronchial asthma (relief of acute attacks), eclampsia, causalgia, pulmonary edema, edema of the brain.
Cholinolytics have found wide application for the regulation of labor. Complete ganglionic blockade is achieved with the use of pentamine in a dose of 2 mg / kg.
The drug reduces the secretion of catecholamines by the adrenal glands, peripheral vascular tone, helps stabilize hemodynamics, improve oxidative processes, prevent the development of traumatic shock, pulmonary edema.
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]