Placental abruption in early pregnancy

Placental abruption in early pregnancy is a very disturbing symptom that can be fraught with serious danger for the further development of pregnancy. Exfoliation of the placenta in early pregnancy can be mild, moderate or severe.

With a slight detachment of the placenta, severe symptoms may be absent, such a deviation can be detected during routine inspection and ultrasound.

When exfoliation of the placenta of moderate severity occurs pain in the abdomen, the uterus becomes tense, blood is secreted from the genital tract.

Critical condition arising during the development of severe placental abruption, may be accompanied, in addition to the above symptoms, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of consciousness, tachycardia, the fetus lack oxygen, heartbeat is disturbed, the pregnant woman has pronounced hypertonus and asymmetry of the uterus, bleeding can be both external and internal.

If any symptoms occur during pregnancy, you should immediately consult a doctor. In case of development of a pathological condition, this will allow taking the necessary measures in time and prevent negative consequences.

[1], [2], [3],

Causes of placental abruption in early pregnancy

Causes of placental abruption in early pregnancy may be related to the following factors:

• Plural number of births;
• Age of the patient;
• Alcohol abuse, smoking;
• Unbalanced and unhealthy diet;
• The inflammatory process in the fetal membranes as a result of infection;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Various manifestations of preeclampsia;
• Allergic reactions to medications;
• Pathological phenomena in the uterus or placenta;
• Systemic diseases (disorders of the endocrine system, renal, cardiovascular pathologies, etc.);
• Injury in the abdomen;
• Previous infertility period;
• Autoimmune conditions.

[4], [5]

Symptoms of placental abruption in early pregnancy

Symptoms of placental abruption in early pregnancy may include the following manifestations:

• Bloody issues. Often, when placental abruption occurs, bleeding opens from the genitals, but there may be cases of internal bleeding. In such a situation, emergency medical intervention is aimed at saving the life of a woman; as a rule, it is already impossible to save the fetus.
• Pain in the abdomen with placental abruption occurs in most cases. The pain may have a different nature and be dull, aching, may radiate to the femoral part or groin area. When opening internal bleeding, pain syndrome is very pronounced. A sign of detachment of the placenta in early pregnancy can also be an increased uterine tone.
• The development of oxygen deficiency in the fetus. With placental abruption in more than half, it is not possible to save the pregnancy.
• In some cases, the process of exfoliation of the placenta may initially be asymptomatic and can only be detected by ultrasound.

Accompanying symptoms of placental abruption can be nausea, vomiting, palpitations, increased anxiety, dizziness.

[6], [7]

Diagnosis of placental abruption in early pregnancy

Diagnosis of placental abruption in early pregnancy is carried out by conducting an ultrasound, during which a retroplacental hematoma is well discernible with inhibition or destruction of subplacental tissues.

However, at the initial stage of placental abruption such a formation may not be present and in such cases, diagnosis of placental abruption is carried out by excluding other diseases according to the following parameters:

• Discovery of internal bleeding or bleeding from the genital tract;
• Hypertonus of the uterus;
• Disruption of the development of the embryo (when examined by a gynecologist determines the heart rate of the fetus).

When conducting an ultrasound during placental abruption, blood clots behind it can be detected.

During the diagnosis, the doctor examines the vagina and cervix to determine whether the cause of bleeding is damage to the cervix, the presence of a tumor, infection, etc.

On examination, it is also determined whether a cervical dilatation has occurred. In such cases, damage to the blood vessels may occur, which may cause the bleeding to open.

[8], [9]

Treatment of placental abruption in early pregnancy

Treatment of placental abruption in early pregnancy with non-abundant blood loss consists in prescribing pregnant bed rest, medications to relax the uterus, antispasmodics (papaverine, no-spa), drugs that help stop bleeding (wikasol), anti-anemic drugs (iron-containing drugs).

In the treatment of placental abruption, the level of clotting of the pregnant woman is monitored.

With the detachment of a small part of the placenta and timely and competent treatment, the further development of the pregnancy can be maintained.

Prevention of placental abruption in early pregnancy

At the moment, there are no specific measures to prevent the development of placental abruption in early pregnancy, since the reasons provoking such a condition have not been established with accuracy. There are only assumptions about a number of factors that may be predisposing in the development of conditions such as placental abruption.

General prevention of the development of pathologies during pregnancy consists of regular examination by a gynecologist. Pregnant women should pass all the necessary tests in a timely manner, lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and balanced, avoid stress, have a full rest, get enough sleep, go to the open air more often, maintain normal blood pressure, and take precautions to avoid various injuries. When taking any medication drugs, the appropriateness of their use must be coordinated with the doctor.

Timely treatment of any systemic diseases, if any, is also regarded as prevention of the development of complications during pregnancy and as prevention of placental abruption in early pregnancy in particular.

[10], [11], [12]

Forecast of placental abruption in early pregnancy

Placental abruption in early pregnancy is not uncommon, and with timely qualified treatment, the negative effects of this condition can be prevented.

When conducting diagnostics on the results of ultrasound in case of detachment of the placenta, retroplacental hematoma can be observed. If this phenomenon is not observed, and placental abruption occurs, the diagnosis can be made by excluding other pathologies based on characteristic symptoms such as placental abruption, signs (vaginal or internal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath and etc.).

Provided that such a pathology is detected in time and the necessary measures are taken, the prognosis of placental abruption in the early stages of pregnancy is favorable and the pathological process can be stopped, ensuring a normal further course of the pregnancy.

It should be noted that even a slight detachment of the placenta requires hospitalization of the patient and urgent treatment. With timely assistance and the absence of complications, pregnancy will develop normally.

In no case can not ignore the manifestation of any negative symptoms that occur during pregnancy. Placental abruption - a very serious deviation from the norm, which in the absence of timely assistance of a qualified doctor can lead to irreversible consequences.

[13], [14], [15], [16]