Management of pregnancy

The management of pregnancy is primarily aimed at controlling the development of the fetus and the health of the expectant mother.

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What is the management of pregnancy?

In order to identify chronic or hidden pathologies, as well as to prevent the development of dangerous diseases, pregnancy management consists in the appointment of the following tests and examinations:

• General analysis of blood and urine.
• Bacterial culture of urine, genital secretions.
• Cytological examination of the smear.
• Colposcopy - a gynecological microscope examination of the epithelial layer of the cervical mucous membrane to detect cell anomalies (performed strictly according to indications if abnormalities were found in the cytological examination of the cervical smear).
• Examination for TORCH infection (toxoplasma infection, rubella, herpes, cytomegalovirus). The main feature of these infections is that they can be asymptomatic or mild, while the infection will have a detrimental effect on the fetus and the course of pregnancy.
• Examination for sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, AIDS, syphilis, etc.).
• Blood chemistry.
• Coagulogram - an analysis of blood clotting.
• Ultrasonography. This method of research is the most common in obstetric and gynecological practice. Ultrasound can provide accurate information about the position, shape and size of the pelvic organs and fetus, is a generally available, harmless and painless method. Also, the doctor may be assigned additional tests.

Before becoming registered, all women must undergo mandatory preventive examination of such specialists as gynecologist, therapist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, etc.

Symptoms that require immediate attention to a doctor are: abundant vaginal discharge with an admixture of mucus or bloody masses, hypertension of the uterus, pain in the lumbar region of the type of menstrual, cramping in the lower abdomen, diarrhea, swelling, changes in the character of fetal movement or no stirring for more than eight hours. Any signs that cause unpleasant, uncomfortable or painful sensations are an important reason for an urgent unscheduled treatment to the treating gynecologist.

What is the need for pregnancy management?

The management of pregnancy is also aimed at correcting the neuropsychiatric conditions of a woman with the aim of preventing depression, stress, nervousness, adversely affecting both the state of the future mother and the fetus. To prevent the development of neuropsychiatric conditions, as well as the risk of interruption, the development of toxicosis and other pathological conditions, the following recommendations are recommended for pregnant women:

• Consumed a day a sufficient amount of liquid - up to two liters.
• Do not eat foods that provoke constipation, in the absence of stools - balance nutrition.
• In time, empty the bladder.
• Avoid stressful situations, physical stress.
• Do not smoke or drink alcohol at all.
• Reapply and properly eat, take vitamin and mineral complexes for pregnant women, rest more - sleep should be allocated at least eight hours a day.
• Regularly visit the women's consultation (at least once every two weeks).

At the first visit to the gynecologist, a detailed examination of the anamnesis is carried out, a general medical and obstetric examination is carried out, then a standard laboratory examination and a therapeutic examination are appointed. At the ninth-eleventh week, an ultrasound is assigned, the second ultrasound is carried out at the sixteenth-twentieth week, the third on the thirty-second to the thirty-sixth week. At the twenty-eighth week, a fetal test is performed. Before every visit to a gynecologist, a woman passes an urine test, according to which the doctor controls the functioning of the kidneys. Also, with each consultation, the doctor carries out the weighing of the pregnant woman, measures the pressure, determines the height of the bottom of the uterus, and listens to the fetal heartbeat. Since the formation of the fetal organs occurs in the first three months of bearing a child, it is necessary to become registered on the first weeks of pregnancy. A pregnant woman, when registering, fills out a special questionnaire, which indicates the following information:

• Surname, name, age, address, telephone, place of work.
• Further data on the health of women are indicated: transferred or existing diseases.
• Data on the health of family members.
• Data on medicinal products that the woman is currently taking.
• Whether the woman had surgical interventions.
• Presence of allergic reactions.
• Social anamnesis (alcohol consumption, smoking, data on the periodicity of sexual activity, blood transfusion, etc.).
• The history of pregnancies (whether the woman had a birth in the past, abortions, miscarriages).
• The nature of menstrual function (at what age the first menstruation, the interval between menstruation, the duration and amount of menstrual flow, the intensity of pain during menstruation, the date of the onset of the last menstrual period) began.
• History of gynecological diseases.
• Use of contraceptives.

For each woman an exchange card is made out, in which the personal data of a woman are recorded, the results of all analyzes and examinations performed, changes in physiological indicators and other data on the course of pregnancy. At the onset of the estimated delivery period, the exchange card is transferred to the maternity hospital. The card records information about how the birth took place, whether there were complications, whether there was anesthesia, as well as information about the newborn baby. This statement is given to a woman before she goes home with the baby, after which she passes it to a children's consultation.

Conducting pregnancy must necessarily be carried out by a qualified specialist, at the first signs of pregnancy a woman should visit a gynecologist and become registered in a women's consultation. Pregnancy management begins from the moment the woman becomes registered, and continues until the onset of the period of delivery and referral to the maternity hospital.