Exercises for hearing development

Before describing exercises for the development of hearing, it is necessary to determine some basic concepts. Hearing - what is it?

Our ears catch sound vibrations, which in the form of nerve impulses are transmitted to a certain part of the brain. Rumor, as well as vision, give people an idea of the world around them, expand their horizons, help them to orient themselves in space, and make life bright and full.

An important characteristic of hearing is considered to be its sharpness, determined by the minimum indices provoking a sense of sound. On whether it is possible to develop auditory sensitivity (including musical sensitivity), we'll talk about this article.

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Exercises for the development of phonemic hearing

Phonemic (speech) hearing is the ability to catch and identify the sound (phonemes) of native speech, to determine the semantic load of words, sentences, texts. This kind of hearing allows you to distinguish the volume of conversation, intonation, voice timbre.

It is said that the child receives an absolute hearing from birth. However, without supporting or developing it, with age, "absoluteness" gradually comes to naught. To prevent this from happening, hearing must be fully developed.

An unborn child can hear a lot of sounds. Among them - cut the heart of the mother, the noise of amniotic fluid, external sounds. At birth, the baby is able to hear even what the grown man is unlikely to turn his attention to. The special feature of an adult is to focus only on those sound options that he currently needs, while completely ignoring the others. A newly born child does not yet know how to focus his attention and separate sounds into necessary and unnecessary ones. This he must learn.

Phonemic rumor just helps to isolate from ordinary noise individual sounds. To begin with, the baby begins to identify the individual sounds he hears most often: these are the parents' voices, his own name. That is why often the first pronounced word of the baby is the word heard most often.

If in the early childhood the child is surrounded by musical sounds, including lullabies, which his mother sings to him, we can say that in the future a baby can have a musical ear. Of course, such a hearing should also be developed: together with the child listen and disassemble the musical works, master the rhythms, which can be achieved by simple game dances with the child. The kid must learn to distinguish good music from aggressive, provocative from sadness, etc.

What awaits the child, if not pay attention to the development of his hearing? Let's take an example: a deaf-mute family has a baby, capable of hearing and speaking. He does not hear the conversation as often as necessary, does not understand its importance in the social world, he loses the ability to distinguish sounds, especially to repeat them and use them for their own communication. As a rule, these children either do not know how to speak at all, or do it not well enough.

For the same reasons, learning a foreign language is much easier, being in an environment where all the surrounding people communicate in the language. Every person has a natural gift of imitation and catching of sound differences.

Exercises for the development of verbal hearing should be carried out, starting from the moment when the child begins to react to sounds, first showing him the source of sound, further explaining what and how this sound was reproduced. How to determine if your child's phonemic hearing is developing enough? We will give you a few lessons that can be used both as a diagnosis of development, and in the developmental plan. When doing the exercises, take into account the age of the child: a three-year-old may not be able to cope with the last exercise, but if it happens in 6-7 years, the development of his hearing should be urgently helped.

First, it is necessary to teach the child to separate speech among other sounds.

• What's the sound?

This lesson involves three variants of complexity:

1. Sound of a rattle, bell or whistle?
2. Sound of the keys to the apartment, a tapping on a plate or flipping through a book?
3. Boxes with matches, with sand or pebbles?

• What is the weather like?

An exercise in the form of a game that takes place during a walk on a fine day. The adult gently rattles with a rattle (good weather), then sharply shakes it, issuing a strong sound (it began to rain) and asks the kid to run up and supposedly to hide from the imaginary rain. It is necessary to explain to the child that he should listen to the sounds of the rattle and, depending on the intensity of the sounds, "walk" or "hide".

• Guess the action.

Several children are sitting on the chairs. The pens lie on their knees. The adult hits hard on the drum, the children raise their hands upwards. If the blow is weak, you do not need to raise the handle.

• Guess the tool.

The adult should introduce the children to popular musical instruments. It can be a whistle, a guitar, a pipe, a drum, a piano. It is necessary to reproduce the sound of each of them. Then the adult hides behind the partition and makes instrumental sounds, while the children must guess which instrument sounded.

• Guess the direction of the sound.

The child closes his eyes, and the adult whistles at this time. The kid must determine where the sound comes from. Without opening his eyes, he must turn around and point with the handle.

Only when the baby learns to share sounds, you can move on to further exercises. Now it's time to explain that the same sound can have a different sound:

• a-a-a-show the doctor the neck;
• a-ah-lull the doll;
• ah-ah - something hurts;
• oh-oh-oh-oh-it's hard for a grandmother to carry a bag;
• oh-oh-surprise;
• oh-oh - sing a song.

To begin with, the kid learns to repeat the sounds himself, then tries to guess what the adult wants to say with this sound.

To the kid easily orientated in the variety of different sounds, an adult should tell how a particular sound is reproduced. To do this, it is necessary to demonstrate the importance of lips, tongue, teeth: it is better to use a mirror for this purpose. The kid learns to recognize and pronounce sounds, starting with vowels, gradually complicating the use of consonant sounds.

After mastering such knowledge, it is necessary to proceed with the development of auditory memory - the ability to compose words from sounds. It is important here not only to hear a set of sounds in words, but also to memorize their order. You should start with simple short words, pronounced in the following order:

• bim-boom boom;
• rock-cancer-roar;
• so-talk-tuk;
• hand-flour-pike;
• goat-goat-thunder-storm;
• can.

You can invite a child after listening to a number of words to distinguish from it unnecessary (this is how the feeling of rhyme is developed):

• mountain-nora-pen;
• laughter-snow-sun.

You can practice in solving riddles, the answer to which should sound in rhyme. For example: on both sides of the abdomen and four ears, and what is the name of it? Pillow!

Imagine that you are at a children's competition and are sick for any team. We clap our hands and say with the arrangement: mo-lo-dets, on-be-dim, ve-selei, do-go-nayay. This way you can teach your child to separate words into syllables.

Such simple game activities not only necessarily like the baby, but also expand its phonemic hearing. Starting with simple exercises, this way you can prepare the child for more difficult activities.

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Exercises for the development of musical ear

Support for the musical form of hearing is required for every person who loves and respects music or is engaged in active creativity. We will understand the concepts of relative and absolute hearing.

The notes, in fact, are certain sound signals, which differ in the frequency of sound. The presence in a person of absolute hearing makes it possible to separate the main tonality from the multifrequency reproduction without error.

The relative form of musical ear allows you to determine the comparative characteristics of notes and their relationship among themselves. In a more simple language, in order to name the necessary note, such a person needs to hear another, preferably a nearby note.

An important role in the study of the musical development of children belongs to the well-known Soviet teacher V. V. Kiryushin, who instead of boring and obscure solfeggio lessons, he read to children a number of fairy tales he invented. Children enjoyed not only listening, but also remembering what they had said, because there were so many interesting stories in fairy tales: the adventures of good little animals-intervals, Mishka, who grew Repka, struggled with dissonance and consonance, seven-headed dragons and much more. Such tales turned out to be extremely effective and allowed the child to master the musical instrument with ease and pleasure.

It is possible to begin classes according to the Kiryushin scheme practically from the first days of the child's life. A lot of material on the system of the famous teacher is presented on the Internet: collections of his fairy tales, musical works for children, classes on independent playing on musical instruments.

The well-received by the children and the training system of Ilana Vin. So, her book "How the notes met" was appreciated by many music teachers.

In home practice, you can apply some simple exercises that subconsciously develop the hearing:

1. When walking in the streets, listen to what passers-by say. Short excerpts from phrases, scraps of words - all this will help you to remember sounds in the future and be attentive to them.
2. Try to remember the timbre of the voice of those people with whom you have to communicate. What is the essence of this exercise? Each voice is individual, it has its inherent features only and its manner, intonation and pronunciation. This will allow you to identify and memorize the variations of the sound. Some people, hardly having heard someone else's speech, can without error determine where a person comes from, and even guess many of his personal qualities.
3. A good effect is observed when guessing a speaker by voice. This is a kind of game, and even quite curious.
4. Try to identify friends and friends by the sound of steps.
5. Listen to a piece of music and try to sing it from memory, as much as possible getting into the notes.
6. And, finally, memorizing songs: it develops musical memory. By memorizing a piece of music, repeat the failed part of the melody until you repeat it without making mistakes.

We also know a lot of computer programs aimed at developing the musical form of hearing: these are "Musical arcades", "Ear Master Pro", "Music examiner", "Uhogryz", etc. Such programs should not be considered as the main tool for self-development, but only only as an addition to general education.

Concerning the musical development of the child, it should be noted that often even the most capable teachers from the point of view of teachers are reluctant to agree to study music. In such cases, you can advise only one thing: never force the child to do violence (they say, grow up, say "thank you"). Try to interest the child, to show him the most attractive and amusing aspects of such activities: the child should have a motivation and a personal interest in music.

Exercises for the development of phonetic hearing

It is extremely necessary to develop the child after 4 years, activating his speech, expanding the vocabulary, making the speech more expressive, coaching the connectivity of statements and the presentation of their emotions and sensations. It is not necessary for this to make the baby perform any exercises: it is quite unobtrusive to communicate and play with the child.

Use in your games all that the kid observes around him in everyday life. The child should know not only what a bus is, but also that the bus has a steering wheel, wheels, engine and an exhaust pipe; the house has a foundation, walls, roof and cellar. In addition, children should be well-oriented not only in the color of objects, but also in their shades: dark blue, pastel, burgundy.

Often ask the child to describe the chosen subject, think of what it can be used for, what it is made of, etc. Ask the kid questions: "What can be great?" - "Mountain, elephant, house ..." - "Can an elephant be bigger, than the house? In which cases?". Or: "What can be cold?" - "Winter, ice cream, ice ...". Thus, the child will learn to compare, generalize.

After an adult reads a fairy tale to a child, one should ask leading questions that will not only train his memory, but also form a link between words and phrases, determine the sequence of phrases and actions. For example, ask: "Where did Little Red Riding Hood go? What did she carry with her in the basket? The gray wolf that met her on the road, bad or good? Why?". Similarly, you can ask to retell the animated plot, the content of the children's play.

A good effect is observed from inventing your own story, compiled, for example, on a picture or a toy. Compare the pictures: "There is a boy drawn here, he is smiling. And here is a puppy drawn, he plays. The boy is happy that he has a puppy with whom you can play. "

It is useful to record the child's conversation on the recorder, and then listen to it with him. Words that the kid does not work out have to be repeated anew.

Exercises for hearing development can not only intelligently reproduce sounds, but also develop auditory perception, identify an almost imperceptible difference in sounds. Remember that such a gift is present in the vast majority of children: the task of adults is to preserve and maintain this ability.

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