Dark color of urine during pregnancy in early and late periods

Bearing a child is a very important period in the life of a woman, because she must give birth to a healthy baby and, at the same time, maintain her health. That's why pregnant women are registered and throughout the pregnancy monitor their physical condition. Laboratory tests are an integral part of this control. The urine test is very informative for diagnosing various abnormalities, including its color and transparency. In a healthy person, the urine is clear and yellow due to the special coloring pigment of the urochrome found in the body. The woman in position is not an exception. Dark urine during pregnancy gives reason to be on the alert, focus on possible causes, and even consult a doctor.

[1], [2], [3]

Epidemiology

Statistics show that in the structure of morbidity among pregnant women iron deficiency anemia takes a leading place and in different countries ranges from 20% to 80%. And it does not depend on the standard of living and social status. Chronic pyelonephritis affects about 10% of pregnant women. Hepatitis C appears on average in every 30th. Hepatitis A is even more common among this category of women. Gestosis develops on average in 15% of expectant mothers, including 40% of women with anemia.

[4], [5], [6], [7]

Causes of the dark urine during pregnancy

The causes of urine dark color during pregnancy can be covered both in completely natural things, not related to the violation of health, and in the pathologies of some organs:

• the use of certain food products (beets, green grapes, rhubarb), with the content of dyes;
• medicines and vitamin complexes;
• dehydration of the body due to diarrhea, vomiting in severe toxicosis;
• Cystitis, which is accompanied by pain and cuts in the lower abdomen;
• nephritis, with accompanying dizziness, nausea, headache, swelling;
• anemia;
• gestosis;
• hepatitis, its presence is evidenced by light feces.

[8], [9]

Risk factors

The risk factors for staining urines in a dark color include unhealthy food - fried and fatty foods, a small amount of fluid intake, hereditary diseases associated with hematopoiesis and metabolism.

[10],

Pathogenesis

The metabolic products are excreted in the urine. Its color is influenced by such pigments as urobilin, urochrome, uroserine, etc. They give it a yellow color of different intensity. The pathogenesis of dark urine is covered by the influence of various factors (the amount of drunk, the use of staining products, metabolic disorders) on the concentration of these pigments, and hence on the vibrations in the color spectrum.

[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]

Symptoms of the dark urine during pregnancy

If the dwelling of a pregnant woman is equipped with a toilet, you may not notice a change in the color of urine. But, thanks to the protocol of frequent monitoring of indicators of general urine analysis in laboratory conditions, the first signs of color changes are often revealed precisely when they are handed over. The woman suddenly notices that the urine has darkened. Symptoms of urine dark color during pregnancy, as a rule, alarming and disturbing, but still nothing is said. It is necessary to recall what products or colorants that can change the color of urine, were present in the diet. Different colors and vitamins influence the color differently.

And yet, the color of urine is an important diagnostic sign. So, dark-yellow urine during pregnancy can indicate cardiac pathology, and also accompanies diarrhea, vomiting. Very dark urine is a sign of melanoma, acute hemolytic anemia, Willebrand disease, in which blood clotting is impaired, or hepatitis, dark orange, dehydration of the body.

It is necessary to trace, very dark urine in the morning or the whole day. Since morning its concentration is more, therefore it is thicker and darker. During the day, a woman visits the toilet more often, consumes more fluids, and the urine becomes lighter. If it is not only dark, but also muddy - then this clearly indicates the presence of a pathology of the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis).

Dark urine during pregnancy in the early stages often accompanies toxicosis with bouts of vomiting, due to which the body loses a lot of fluid. It is a signal to drink more and fill its deficiency. The cause of dark urine during pregnancy in late terms are gestosis - various disorders of organs and systems in the 3rd trimester.

In any case, the pathological conditions will manifest themselves even more with any symptomatology: fever, pain, cuts, frequent urination, etc.

Complications and consequences

If the dark urine during pregnancy is a consequence of pathological processes, the consequences and complications depend on the diagnosis and timeliness of the treatment started. Any of the possible diagnoses is fraught with dangerous development, and at times a fatal outcome for both the woman and the fetus. Observation at the gynecologist and timely delivery of tests will prevent adverse consequences.

[17], [18]

Diagnostics of the dark urine during pregnancy

Diagnosis of dark urine during pregnancy is necessary to determine the possible pathologies, tk. The bearing of the child is a great burden on the kidneys, heart, liver and other organs of the woman. First of all, it consists of asking the doctor about the food of the pregnant woman and using her medicines or vitamins that can affect the color of urine, conducting laboratory general tests of urine and blood. In the presence of deviations from the norms resort to instrumental diagnostics and more in-depth studies.

The general analysis of urine gives a lot of information for the diagnosis of various pathologies. Deviations in such indicators as transparency, color, specific density, acidity, the presence of protein, the presence of glucose, hemoglobin, bilirubin, leukocytes, erythrocytes, salts will indicate these or other diseases. A general and biochemical blood test will show erythrocytes, leukocytes, ESR, transaminases ALT and AST, direct and indirect bilirubin, etc. Analysis of feces can reveal the presence of blood in it. In addition, there are other laboratory studies aimed at identifying the expected diagnoses (urine analysis by Nechiporenko, Zimnitsky, bacteriological culture of urine, etc.).

Instrumental diagnosis primarily includes ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity, pelvic organs. Applied and radiography, computer, magnetic resonance imaging. The kidneys and upper urinary tract are examined by chromoscystoscopy. Radioisotope scanning is used to diagnose the liver, and the work of the heart is observed, thanks to electro-, phono, echocardiography, etc.

[19], [20], [21],

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of urine dark color during pregnancy is carried out with diseases that can affect the color of urine, namely with pathologies:

• urinary system (stones, inflammation, stone formation, etc.);
• liver (cholecystitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, neoplasms);
• increased bleeding caused by anemia.

Treatment of the dark urine during pregnancy

Treatment of urine dark color during pregnancy depends on the diagnosis and is directed to a specific pathology. So, anemia caused by iron deficiency, folic acid and vitamin B12 is eliminated with these medications. If it is a consequence of another disease (hemorrhoids, bleeding ulcers of the digestive tract, trauma, blood diseases), therapy is directed to it.

Pyelonephritis and other infectious diseases of the urinary system are treated taking into account the timing of pregnancy, the severity of the condition and after determining the causative agent of infection for susceptibility to drugs. Antibacterial drugs, catheterization of ureters, detoxification treatment are used. Treatment can be carried out both in a hospital and at home, depending on the severity of the condition.

To combat liver disease in pregnant women, they include diet, herbal medicine, hepatoprotectors, and, if necessary, drug therapy.

The gestosis is expressed in various complications, therefore the treatment is of an individual nature and is aimed at restoring the functions of the affected organs. Also, sedative sedatives are used to maintain a woman's mental state.

Medications

Medications are prescribed according to the indications and taking into account the terms of pregnancy. So, for the treatment of the urinary system, antibiotics and uroantiseptics are prescribed. When choosing antibiotics, there are a number of restrictions due to adverse effects on the fetus (levomitsetinovy, tetracycline series, streptomycin, sulfonamides, etc.). Preferred drugs such as ampicillin, cortine, netilmecin, erythromycin.

Ampicillin - is available in tablets, capsules or powders of white color with a specific odor for the preparation of suspensions. Powder can be taken inside by simply washing down with water, per day - 2-3 g, divided into 4-6 receptions. Duration of treatment is from 5 days to 3 weeks. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to penicillins. In liver failure, therapy is performed under the control of the organ. There is an adverse reaction, manifested by allergies.

Effective is the simultaneous administration of antimicrobial agents (5-NOC), as well as antispasmodics (baralgin, no-shpa), antiallergic agents (diazolin, tavegil, suprastin), sedative tinctures (Leonurus, valerian).

5-NOC orange coated tablets. Are taken before or after meals to 0.1-0.2 g 4 times a day. Treatment is carried out by two-week courses, after which a break is made. Adverse reactions are possible in such manifestations as nausea, vomiting, headache, tachycardia, urticaria. Urine is colored in a bright yellow color. Contraindicated in allergies to its components, with impaired liver and kidney function. Studies on the effects on pregnant women and the fetus have not been carried out, so the need for appointment is determined by the doctor.

Hepatitis A requires treatment in case of severe intoxication. In its treatment, pregnant women use saline solutions, 5% glucose solution, albumin, povidone, regidron. Therapy of other types of hepatitis during child-bearing is not carried out.

Regidron - restores the water-alkaline balance. The preparation is prepared by dissolving the sachet in which the substance is packaged, in liter of boiled water. The hourly dose is 10ml per kilogram of a person's weight. If the instructions are followed, adverse reactions do not occur. Contraindicated diabetics, people with renal and hepatic insufficiency, with high blood pressure.

For pregnant women are shown hepatoprotectors of plant origin (karsil, darsil, silibin, silimar, phosphontsiale, hepabene), essential phospholipids (hepaforte, phospholip, energy, essential), based on amino acids (glutargin, parzhin, heptral), etc.

Phospholip - a form of release - capsules in a blister; take 2 capsules three times a day during meals, with plenty of water and without chewing. Contraindications are intrahepatic cholestasis - a violation of the outflow of bile from the liver, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Possible side effects in the form of violations of digestion, allergic rashes.

An important role is given in pregnancy to vitamins, especially in the presence of various pathological processes. So, anemia is eliminated with folic acid, vitamins B12, iron preparations. After infectious liver pathologies, multivitamins are prescribed to restore the body. When pyelonephritis and infections of the urinary tract take vitamins B, C, and PP.

Physiotherapeutic treatment

During pregnancy, only the physiotherapeutic treatment that can not harm the bearing of the child is used. Such gentle procedures include mud, hydrotherapy, electrophoresis, acupuncture. In a complex with other medical measures, and with a mild illness and independently, physiotherapy methods can improve the health of the future mother without harming the baby.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatment offers its own recipes in case of diseases leading to dark urine. There are many recommendations on how to increase hemoglobin by using food and cooking potions. Daily use of green peas, cottage cheese, beef liver, beets, eggs, buckwheat, beef will improve blood tests. You can resort to such recipes:

• grate the beet, strain it, let it stand for at least an hour in the refrigerator, so that harmful volatile substances come out of it, drink 2 tablespoons in a warm form several times a day in small sips a quarter of an hour before eating;
• Drink 3 cups a day of birch sap;
• with unpurified apples boil compote, drink adding honey.

Helps restore the liver function of potato juice, drunk 2-3 times a day before meals. An effective antiviral agent is lemon juice (2 pcs.) And garlic (2 pcs.). Squeezing it and mixing it, drink a teaspoon after eating. Help to solve the urological problems of infusions and teas from various herbs.

[22]

Herbal Treatment

For the treatment of various infections of the urinary system, such herbs as shepherd's bag, bear's ears, half-sex, field horsetail, blueberry leaves, wheatgrass roots and others are used. Infusions can be prepared from individual or compose into collections, for example:

1. blueberry, chamomile, shepherd's bag;
2. yarrow, succession;
3. St. John's wort, bearberry.

To treat the liver is very popular milk thistle, it is based on many vegetable hepatoprotectors. Cholagogue properties are corn stigmas, sporises, chicory, sandless immortelle, etc.

Increases hemoglobin carrots, viburnum, plantain, chokeberry, wild rose, nettle, green stems of oats.

Homeopathy

Preparations of homeopathy are most often used in complex therapy with medications, and the physician determines the appropriateness and safety of their reception. In the case of dark urine, pregnant women may have the following.

Galstena - oral drops from clear to light yellow. The composition includes a thistle, dandelion, celandine and other components. It is indicated for acute and chronic diseases of the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, as well as for restoration of the liver after treatment with antibiotics. Dose intake - 10 drops directly into the mouth or on a spoonful of water, before swallowing hold in your mouth. The maximum effect is achieved half an hour before meals or an hour after. Adverse reaction is possible in the form of an allergy, it is contraindicated for hypersensitive people on compound preparations.

Hepafil is a combined preparation in the form of a syrup containing papaya, celandine, voskovitsu, etc. Assign with infectious hepatitis, cirrhosis and other liver pathologies as hepatoprotector, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic. Take 4 times a day for 5 mg before eating. Side effects are not revealed. Contraindicated with special sensitivity to components.

Mercurid - white granules for the treatment of inflammation of various etiologies, including pyelonephritis and urinary system. Activates the defenses of the body, eliminates the effects of antibiotics. It is recommended that the pellets be kept under the tongue until they are completely dissolved (7 pieces 3 times per day). The drug with one warning for allergens, others not detected, as well as side effects.

For the treatment of anemia use arsenic (3rd, 6th dilution), ferrum muriatikum, phosphorus, kuprum metalikum in 6, 12 dilutions of each, pulsatillum (D3).

Pulsatilla - an active substance from the drawing of grass lumbago. There are granules in various dilutions: D3, D6, D12, D30, D200. The required dose is determined by the homeopath individually. The granules are kept under the tongue before resorption. Very rarely allergy was observed during treatment. Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to the frontal and lumbago. Not assigned to men.

Surgery

To surgical treatment of pregnant women resort to extreme cases, when there is a real threat to the life of a woman. In urology, it may be necessary to carry out the kidney decapsulation, nephrostomy - urine drainage from the kidney by means of drainage, nephrectomy - kidney removal. Stones in the gallbladder, which triggered the attack, can also lead to prompt intervention.

Prevention

Among the preventive measures that prevent such a symptom as dark urine, is a healthy lifestyle: proper nutrition, moderate exercise, lots of fresh air and vitamins. The presence of pathologies is an excuse not to engage in self-treatment, but to trust doctors.

[23], [24]

Forecast

If, in addition to the color of urine, the future mother no longer bothers anything, the prognosis is favorable. In a more serious case, everything depends on the operative actions of doctors, methods of treatment, the state of the body and the observance of recommendations. For safety, it is best to be supervised by specialists.

[25], [26]