What are the physical parameters of the child from month to three and what should the child be able to do?

In the first two months the weight of the child is increased by 750-900 g per month, and the growth is increased by 2 cm every month. But if your child "retreats" somewhat from these average indicators, do not worry. If he is cheerful, does not mope, he has a normal chair, and he does not make the impression of the patient, so nothing terrible happens.

The skin of the baby of the first months of life is gently pink (if he, of course, is not black), velvety. He has a well developed subcutaneous fat layer, thanks to which the skin folds are so noticeable, so touching adults.

Especially well contour folds on the buttocks and hips. If you notice an asymmetry of folds (on one hip it is lower than on the other one), you need orthopedic consultation. Perhaps your child has a congenital dislocation of the hip joint. On the condition of the skin, one can judge the state of the child's health: if the skin becomes too wet, it is a signal that the child needs to be shown to the doctor. Vascular spots to two or three months gradually turn pale and soon disappear. If the spot does not disappear, it means that this hemangioma is a vascular tumor. Only the surgeon can determine the degree of danger to the child.

In two or three months, the scalp begins to change on the head and body. If the child on his shoulders at birth had push hair, they fall by this time, but sometimes, in some diseases, they can persist. Black (as a rule) push hair on the head is gradually replaced by real - bulbous, and can change their color (they were black - they became white). They can be wiped, forming bald patches. This may be due to the fact that the child constantly lies in one position - on the back or on the side. At the same time, baldness can be a symptom of the beginning of rickets.

Sometimes in children there is no pigment melanin - it's albinism. It is difficult to call it a disease, as, as a rule, the state of children is not violated. Although with pronounced albinism, when the pigment is not even in the iris (usually in albino blue eyes, but in this case they will be red), the child has photophobia and staying in bright light can damage the retina of the eye. In addition, the skin of albinos is very sensitive to sunlight, so they should not sunbathe, and the dermatologist will advise you on what protective creams will need to be used.

In general, it must be remembered that the skin and nervous system developed from a single embryonic leaf, so all changes on the skin should be considered by both a dermatologist and a neurologist.

Newborns and children of the first month of life do not remain indifferent to touch. If you touch his eyelids, the child closes his eyes, touches his palm - he clamps his fist. When irritating the nasal mucosa, the baby frowns and pulls the handles and legs. At the age of two or three months, something new appears in these reactions. Touch his eyelashes - and the kid not only closes his eyes, but also reaches out to them with a pen, will rub them. Similar reactions can be caused by touching the face, ears. This is the so-called skin concentration reaction. Since four months it can be caused by touching the stomach, palms.

Since the age of two months, the child's pain sensitivity increases. He begins to react more sharply to discomfort, for example, to wet diapers. As the child grows, the time from the application of the pain stimulus to the reaction to it is gradually shortened, and the behavior and facial expressions become more diverse. If reactions to pain and tactile stimuli are absent, this may be a symptom of a lesion of the spinal cord or brain.

By the age of three months, the child controls the moving objects in his field of vision.

If a newborn responds to all smells in the same way, then a two-to-three-month-old child is already able to express his attitude to pleasant and unpleasant smells. At first he reacts with a dying, revival and even a smile, on the second - a grimace of discontent and sneezing.

The newborn responds to taste stimuli. Gradually, this ability is improved, and the child begins to distinguish more subtle taste differences. If a child has a taste disorder associated with central nervous system damage, he does not enjoy eating, eats badly, which can contribute to the development of hypotrophy.

Since the child has a pronounced interest in the voices of adults, it is not surprising that his own sounds, as a rule, arise when communicating with other people: when adults hold it or play with it. Approximately one and a half months the child begins to react if you smile at him or talk to him: he will smile, start moving his legs and arms and his whole appearance will show you that he is happy. To two months he adds to the smile some sounds "from himself" and from time to time produces a melodic "twitter". A little later he begins to separate the smile from the "conversation". Now he will smile at you in response to your smile. Moreover, those babies with whom parents talk more are more "loquacious" than those with whom they "communicate" less.

The more words a child hears and perceives when communicating with adults, the more it will be "practiced", lying in a crib alone. The child starts using his voice as a way to interact with parents. If you talk to him, he waits for you to finish, and only then he tries to "answer" you, and "responding" waits for your reaction to your "remarks". Studies have found that children who like to "talk", as a rule, behave more calmly, remaining alone.

The main task of parents is to keep in touch with the child, because this will stimulate the development of speech. Therefore, it is necessary to talk with the child, show him picture books, call items and explain what these items mean.

In a month and a half, most children already manage the neck muscles well enough to keep their head straight, but if you hold it in your arms and bend down, then your head "falls" in the direction of the inclination. But by 2.5-3 months, the muscles of the neck are strengthened so much that the head will hold steady, and the child will be able to control it. As the child gains weight, the head ceases to be the heaviest part of the body. Therefore, to support the head of a child is necessary only when you take it out of the crib or make some sharp movement.

By three months, he begins to change his posture, ceases to lie in the "crooked position of the embryo," he learns to lie on his back, with his hands and feet moving freely in the joints. He turns his head from side to side. When pulling by the arms and transferring into a sitting position, the child raises his head with the body and prevents her from falling backwards.

At three months of age, a child who does not sleep is constantly on the move. He pulls his hands and feet, and the legs make movements that resemble a bike ride. And the hands that appear in his field of vision, then disappear, become almost the most important of his toys.

In the abdominal position, he already holds his head well enough for a few seconds. And as soon as he learns this, he will be able to hold part of the body with the help of hands, so that when resting on elbows, not only the head, but also the shoulders break away from the litter.

Already at the age of two months the child is able to turn over on his back. And by three months he can already so actively spinning in the crib that he starts to beat his head against twigs. And so convenient and safe before changing table becomes so dangerous that even do not think to leave a child on it alone!

Therefore, in three months the child no longer needs to swaddle (if you did this before). He is tightly wrapped and laid face to the wall, he can not pod with legs and hands, or look at others. He will be uncomfortable and very bored. Do not offend the baby!