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Brain tumors in dogs
Last reviewed: 08.07.2025
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Brain tumors in dogs are rare. They most often occur in middle-aged and older dogs. Breeds with short noses and large heads, including boxers, bulldogs, and Boston terriers, are most prone to developing brain tumors. Tumors that can metastasize to the brain include breast, prostate, and lung cancers, as well as hemangiosarcoma.
Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor and the level at which it grows. Brain tumors cause seizures and/or behavioral changes. The dog may have an unsteady gait, a tilted head, nystagmus (rhythmic eye movement), and weakness or paralysis of the limbs. These signs progress and the dog's condition worsens. Later signs may include stupor and coma.
A brain abscess is a collection of pus in or around the brain. Its signs are similar to those of a brain tumor. Dogs with a brain abscess often develop a fever. Infections of the mouth, inner ear, or respiratory tract may precede a brain abscess.
Treatment: The diagnosis of a tumor or abscess is based on the results of a neurological examination and special tests, including an EEG, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and a CT scan or MRI. In some cases, surgical removal of benign brain tumors may be possible. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not been shown to be effective in treating most brain tumors in dogs. Corticosteroids and anticonvulsants may provide temporary relief.
Abscesses are treated with high doses of antibiotics. Corticosteroids are usually contraindicated. And the prognosis for recovery is questionable.