Social development of the child

A child matures not only as a representative of a certain biological species. He grows among people, constantly learning to interact with them, both with elders and with peers, and preparing for future adult life, which will be exclusively the life of a member of human society, i.e. social life. Therefore, in addition to the processes of growth, development and biological maturation, the child simultaneously goes through a very difficult path, which can be designated by the term "socialization", or social development of the child. These are all forms of communication, interaction, cooperation with other people, establishing relationships of mutual understanding and respect, mutual support and mutual assistance, joint solution of urgent problems of protecting life on Earth and social progress of mankind. And all this highest and most global has its small sources, fragile roots. These roots are the first close look at the face and in the eyes of the mother, the first participation in feeding, the first smile and cooing.

Socialization is a phenomenon that is not always parallel to the development of the physical body and biological maturation. Socialization requires the accumulation of experience in communication and interaction, and not only positive but also negative experience, the experience of empathy, love, pity and necessarily the experience of activities of various directions. First of all, this is self-service, then work, and creation, and creativity, and the ability to protect oneself, compatriots and just other people. Socialization includes the acceptance and mastery of the entire cultural and scientific heritage of parents and compatriots, and the entire world culture as a whole. Socialization does not come through special forms of education or training, i.e. this is not enough. Reinforcement by one's own experience is necessary. In all centuries, in childhood, this experience is accumulated both from life together with family and other adults, and from play. Play, children's fairy tales, children's literature and cinema are the second stimulator of socialization after the family. The next places in importance are occupied by school, group hobbies and creativity. The socialization environment as part of the integral development environment is far from always optimal and, accordingly, the child's socialization and subsequent fate in society will also be suboptimal. The socialization process should also have its own conditional end point or boundary of complete completion. There are various proposals for the criteria of such completion, but there is no generally accepted formulation yet. Of course, these criteria should include the ability to make responsible decisions, achieve an independent position in society, the ability to provide for a family, raise one's own children, contribute to the creation of material wealth and the protection of the natural environment, etc. It is obvious that the final stages of social maturity will be attributed to periods pushed back by at least 15-30 years from the end of puberty or biological maturity.

Specific attempts are being made to create scales for diagnosing the stages of the socialization process in childhood and adolescence.

In Russia, the best studied and adapted scale for measuring social competence is E. Doll's scale as modified by V. I. Gordeev et al. The degree of social competence, or maturity, is assessed in several areas of a child's socialization. The number of the indicator in the scale below is also the assessment score. It is possible to use the assessment for any of the profiles, thereby identifying the presence of discrepancies in development and upbringing.

Social competence scale by E. Doll as modified by V. I. Gordeev et al.

1. SHG (self-help general)	General self-service and self-monitoring for safety
2. SHE (self-help eating)	Self-help with feeding
3. SHD (self-help dressing)	Self-help with dressing
4. SD (self-direction)	Responsibility
5. O (occupation)	Ability to manage your time
6. C (communication)	Communication
7. L (locomotion)	Independence in movement
8. S (socialisation)	Socialization

1.6. Screams, laughs

2.1. Keeps the head in balance

3.1 Grabs objects within reach

4.1. Reaches out to familiar people

5.1. Turns over

6.1 Reaches for nearby objects

7.5. Left unattended, he finds something to do for himself

8.1 Sits without support

9.1 Pulling up, takes a vertical position

10.6. Babble, imitate sounds

11.2 Drinks from a cup or glass with the help of an adult

12.7. Moves from one place to another on the floor

13.1. Grasping with two fingers (first and another)

14.8. Requires special attention

5.1 Stands alone without support

16.2. Doesn't spill water (when eating)

17.6 Follows simple directions, requests, tasks or commands

18.7. Left unattended, walks around the room

19.5 Leaves marks with pencil or chalk

20.2. Chews food

21.3. Pulls off his socks

22.5. "Transforms" objects

23.1. Overcomes simple obstacles or barriers

24.5. Finds or brings (on request) familiar objects

25.2. Drinks from a cup or glass without assistance

26.1 No longer needs a baby carriage

27.8. Plays with other children

28.2. Eats with a spoon himself

29.7. Walks around the apartment or yard (under supervision)

30.2. Distinguishes edible from inedible

31.8 Uses names of familiar objects

32.7. Walks up the stairs independently

33.2. Unwraps the candy

34.6. Speaks in short sentences

35.1. Asks to go to the toilet

36.5. Develops own gaming activity (invents games)

37.3. Takes off coat or dress independently

38.2. Eats with a fork himself

39.2. Looks for and pours water, milk or juice for drinking

40.3. Wipes hands after washing

41.1. Able to avoid simple dangers (car, strange dog)

42.3. Puts on a coat or dress himself

43.5. Cuts paper with scissors himself

44.6. Tells about some events or stories

45.7. Going down the stairs: one step - one step

46.8. Plays common games in kindergarten with pleasure

47.3. Buttons up his coat or dress himself

48.5. Helps with small housework

49.8. Performs performances for others

50.3 Washes hands without assistance

51.1 Sits on the potty and wipes himself after using the potty

52.3. Washes face without assistance

53.7. Can walk nearby without supervision

54.3. Dresses independently, but cannot tie shoelaces

55.5 Uses chalk or pencil when drawing

56.8. Plays competitive games

57.5. Goes sledding or skating by himself

58.6. Writes simple words in block letters

59.8. Plays simple board games

60.4. A child can be trusted with money

61.7. Can go to school without supervision

62.2 Uses a table knife for spreading

63.6 Uses a pencil to write

64.3. Washes in a bath (shower, sauna) with limited assistance

65.3. Can go to bed without assistance

66.1 Knows the time by the clock with an accuracy of a quarter of an hour

67.2 Uses a table knife to cut

68.8. Denies the existence of Santa Claus and other fairy tale characters

69.8. Participates in games of older children and teenagers

70.3. Combed with a comb or brush

71.5. Uses a work tool for different purposes

72.5. Can do normal housework

73.6. Reads on his own initiative

74.3. Washes in the bath (shower, sauna) independently

75.2. Takes care of himself at the table

76.4 Makes small purchases

77.7. Walks freely near the house

78.6 Sometimes writes short letters

79.6. He calls on the phone himself

80.5. Performs minor work of economic importance

81.6. Reacts to information sources (radio, newspapers, advertising)

82.5. Plans and carries out minor creative work

83.4 Remains at home in one's own care or to look after others

84.6 Enjoys books, newspapers, magazines

85.6. Plays difficult games

86.3. Masters complete self-care

87.4. Independently purchases clothing accessories

88.8. Involved in the activities of teenage groups

89.5. Performs responsible routine housework

90.6. Maintains contacts through mail correspondence

91.6. Follows the latest news

92.7. Walks alone to nearby places of spending time

93.4. Being outside the home during the day without supervision

94.4. Has his own pocket money

95.4. Buys all his own clothes

96.7. He leaves (leaves) alone to distant places

97.4. Takes care of your health

98.5. Has a job or a permanent place of study

99.4. Leaves overnight without restrictions

100.4. Controls own financial expenses

101.4. Assumes personal responsibility

102.4 Uses money wisely

103.8 Takes responsibility above one's own needs

104.8. Contributes to social welfare

105.4. Secures your future

106.5. Performs skilled work

107.5 Observes reasonable restrictions

108.5. Systematizes own work

109.8. Inspires confidence

110.8. Promotes social progress

111.5. Improves professionally

112.4. Acquires values for others

113.5. Directs (manages) the affairs of others

114.5. Performs expert professional work

115.8. Shares overall responsibility

116.7. Creates favorable circumstances for oneself

117.8. Advances public welfare

Total SA values (years)

SA	Points	SA	Points
0.25	4.0	10.00	77
0.50	8.5	10.50	79
0.75	12.5	11.00	81
1.00	17.0	11.50	82.5
1.25	21.0	12:00	84
1.50	25.5	12.50	85
1.75	29.5	13.20	86
2.00	34.0	14.10	87.5
2.25	36.5	14.50	88
2.50	38.5	15.00	89
2.75	41.0	15.50	90
3.00	44.0	16.00	91
3.50	47.0	16.50	92
4.00	50.0	17.00	93
4.50	53.0	17.50	94
5.00	56.0	18:00	95
5.50	58.5	18.50	96.5
6.00	61.0	19.00	98
6.50	63.0	19.50	99.5
7.00	65.0	20,00	101
7.50	67.5	22.00	103
8.00	70	24.00	105
8.50	72	26.00	107
9.00	74	28.00	109
9.50	75.5	30,00	110

The scale determines the social age of the subject and the degree to which this age corresponds to the chronological age, which ultimately gives a coefficient of social development in percentages similar to 10.

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