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Bladder infection in dogs (cystitis)
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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Cystitis is a bacterial infection that develops in the lining of the bladder. In both male and female dogs, cystitis is often preceded by a urethral infection. Other predisposing factors include age, diabetes, and long-term use of corticosteroids. In intact dogs, the disease may develop against the background of prostatitis. Dogs that do not empty their bladders for a long time are at much higher risk of developing a bladder infection.
Cystitis can result in urinary stones. In this case, bacteria form a nidus (central point) around which a stone is formed.
The main symptom of cystitis is frequent, painful urination. Urine may become cloudy and have a pathological odor. Females with cystitis may lick their vulva and have vaginal discharge. The diagnosis is confirmed by urine analysis, which reveals bacteria, leukocytes, and often erythrocytes.
Treatment: Treatment of cystitis should be started immediately to prevent the development of an infectious process in the kidneys. Your veterinarian will prescribe oral antibiotics that will be effective against the identified bacteria. Antibiotics are prescribed for two to three weeks, after which a repeat urine test is performed to ensure that the infection has been completely eliminated.
Urine acidifiers may be used to prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall. Substances called ellagitannins, found in blackberries and raspberries, are also used for this purpose. Cranberries have a similar effect, and all of these berries can help lower the pH of urine. A recurrent attack suggests a secondary problem, such as bladder stones, and should be evaluated by a veterinarian. In this case, an x-ray or ultrasound may be performed. A recurrent attack is treated with antibiotics based on culture tests and determination of the sensitivity of bacteria to antibacterial agents. A repeat urine culture is performed 1-2 months after stopping treatment. Chronic cystitis may require the use of uroseptics or prolonged use of antibiotics before bedtime.
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate have been shown to be effective in preventing reinfection in some cats. These supplements are safe for use in dogs, but there is no evidence that they help urinary tract problems in dogs.
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