Upper respiratory tract infection in cats

A cat's upper respiratory tract - the nose, throat and sinuses - is susceptible to infections caused by a number of viruses and bacteria.

What causes upper respiratory infections in cats?

Viruses are by far the most common cause of upper respiratory infections in cats. Feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus account for 80-90% of all upper respiratory infections and are prevalent in shelters, catteries, and multi-cat households. These viruses can be spread from cat to cat through sneezing, coughing, grooming, or sharing food and water bowls. Once infected, a cat can be a lifelong carrier and, although it may not show clinical signs, can transmit the viruses to other animals. Cats often develop bacterial infections following these common viral infections.

There are also upper respiratory infections that are primarily caused by bacteria. Chlamydia and Bordetella are also commonly found in animals in shelters and other places where there are many cats. These are bacterial infections. Bordetella is less common in cats than in dogs. It is usually associated with stress and crowded living conditions.

What are the main symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections?

Symptoms vary depending on the cause and location of the infection, but some common clinical signs of upper respiratory disease in cats include:

• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Nasal discharge
• Cough
• Clear or colored nasal discharge
• Gagging, salivation
• Fever
• Loss or decrease in appetite
• Rapid breathing
• Mouth and oral cavity ulcers
• Crossed eyes or rubbing eyes
• Mouth breathing
• Depression

Are certain cats prone to upper respiratory infections?

Age, vaccination status, and physical condition play a role in a cat's susceptibility to upper respiratory infections, but cats living in multi-cat households or shelters are most susceptible. Veterinarians have found that stress plays a role in outbreaks of upper respiratory infections, and cats in shelters, catteries, or boarding facilities are often highly stressed. Cats that recover from upper respiratory infections become carriers and may relapse during periods of stress.

Certain breeds like Persians and other flat-faced breeds are predisposed to developing upper respiratory infections due to the structure of their faces.

What should I do if I think my cat has an upper respiratory infection?

If you think your cat is suffering from an upper respiratory infection, it is important to take them to the vet. A brief examination by your vet will help determine whether your cat requires medication, has a fever, or is dehydrated. Do not self-diagnose, as your cat may be contagious and require isolation, antibiotics, and additional veterinary care.

How are upper respiratory infections treated in cats?

Your veterinarian will prescribe the best course of treatment for your cat, which may include medication, isolation, rest, and extra nutrition and fluids.

What happens if upper respiratory infections are left untreated?

Some untreated upper respiratory infections can develop into pneumonia or cause serious complications such as blindness or chronic breathing problems.

How to prevent upper respiratory tract infections?

• Keep your cat indoors to minimize the risk of exposure to infected animals.
• Properly isolate infected cats to protect other animals living in the same area.
• Minimize stress.
• Keep your cat up to date with all vaccinations recommended by your veterinarian. Feline upper respiratory disease vaccinations may not prevent infection, but they may help relieve the illness in some cases.
• Regular veterinary checkups and preventive care can help identify and treat illnesses early. A healthy immune system is the best defense against upper respiratory infections in cats.
• If you handle a lot of cats, practice good hygiene and wash your hands thoroughly.

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