Examination of the newborn

The purpose of a newborn's examination is to detect some pathology or to identify any "medical problems", as well as to remove any issues from the mother and the difficulties that she had when communicating with her child. Finally, the purpose of the examination is also the need to give the mother routine advice on caring for the child before he is discharged from the cionary's hospital. In the case of home births, tips are given for nurturing a newborn during the first week of life.

Before the examination of the newborn, specify the mass of his body. Find out if pregnancy and childbirth were normal? What is the Rh factor in the mother? For inspection, choose a quiet, warm and bright room and enlist the help of the mother of the child. Explain to her the purpose of your examination. Pay attention - does it look pissed and is not in a state of depression? If she says something, listen to her attentively. Look at the child for a specific system, for example, from the head to the toes.

Head. It is necessary to measure the circumference of the head and pay attention to its shape (various deformations associated with childbirth, usually soon pass), on the condition of the fontanelles (they strain when the baby is crying, as well as with increased intracranial pressure). Eyes: note whether there is a clouding of the cornea or conjunctivitis? Ears: Pay attention to the shape and position of the ears. Are they not very low (ie below the eyes)? Nose: it serves as a kind of indicator of jaundice. Exhalation through the nose with the mouth closed is a test for atresia of the khohan. Skin color: in case of pathology, it can be cyanotic, pale, icteric, red. Oral cavity: insert your finger into the baby's mouth and check if the integrity of the soft and hard palate is preserved. Is the sucking reflex sufficiently pronounced?

Hands and brushes. Individual palmar folds - lines, may be a manifestation of the norm or Down's disease. If the child's hand is in position "a waiter, waiting for a tip," think of Erb's palsy is damaged trunk with ₅ -C ₆.

Rib cage. Observe the respiratory movements of the chest. If you notice "groaning" during breathing or displacement of the intercostal spaces, this may indicate the presence of respiratory distress. Palpate the cardiac and apical tremors in the atrial region. Conduct auscultation of the heart and lungs. Examine the entire spine to detect possible defects in the spinal canal (neural tube).

Stomach. Slightly delay with palpation of the liver and spleen. Pay attention, is there any pathological mass in the abdominal cavity? Now carefully examine the navel. Is he well? Gather the skin on the abdomen to evaluate the skin turgor. Examine the genitals and anus. Clearly visible holes in the urethra and anus. 93% of newborns have spontaneous urinary outflow in the first 24 hours. Is there an incorrect position of the opening of the urethra (hypospadias), are both testicles lowered? The clitoris of the newborn looks rather large. A small bleeding from the vagina can be considered a variant of the norm, this is due to the cessation of the infusion into the body of the child of the mother's estrogen.

Lower extremities. Tests for the detection of congenital dislocation in the hip joint. Avoid repeated use of these tests, as this is painful and, in addition, can itself cause dislocation. Note, if there is no femororadial pulse lag, this may indicate coarctation of the aorta. Is there a firm deformation of the foot)? Now assess the condition of the toes - is not it too much, are not they too few, are they too cyanotic?

Gluteal region and sacrum. Are there any "Mongolian spots" on the skin of these areas (are they bluish)? Fortunately, they are safe.

Testing the central nervous system. First of all, hold the child in your arms. And now only intuition can tell you, is the child sick or healthy? Is he inclined to wince (this may indicate hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, infection)? The child already at this stage of development should slightly control the position of the head. Are limbs moving normally, muscle tone - spastic or flaccid? The study of the Moro reflex is rarely informative and, in addition, it is unpleasant for the child. This reflex is studied as follows: the child is placed at an angle of 45 °, supporting his head. At the moment of depriving him of this support, both his hands make an escape, the palms open, and then the hands are brought. To evoke a grasping reflex, lightly hit the child on the palm of your hand.

It is important to find out whether the birth was delayed or premature or occurred on time?

Any deviation from the norm that you will find, discuss with the mother and father of the child.

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