Complementary feeding schemes for breastfeeding

To date, there is no consensus on how and with which products to start feeding a newborn baby. The debate on this issue between specialists is ongoing. Such schemes of complementary feeding during breastfeeding are somewhat different, but the principles of their introduction are quite similar.

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The scheme of the first complementary feeding with breastfeeding

The existence of mankind has more than one millennium. How many generations are nurtured and grown. But this issue remains relevant, and to this day. Several generations earlier, our grandmothers began to accustom babies to everyday food from two to three months, adding apple juice to the breastfeeding. To date, the scheme of the first complementary feeding with breastfeeding has changed significantly.

Some modern women, in order not to lose the shape of the breast at all refuse to feed the newborn baby with breast milk. But still those who attach much importance to this process are much more important. And it pleases.

Mother's milk in its composition is unique and up to a certain point completely satisfies the baby's needs in all nutrients, vitamins and minerals. That allows a growing organism to develop normally. But over time these substances cease to be missed. It is at this time and should introduce one product after another, gradually increasing their number in the diet of the child.

After certain studies and large-scale monitoring, most experts believe that such a moment comes after the baby reaches the age of six months. But each child is individual and, before adding a product to his diet, one must understand how much his body is already prepared for increasing the nutritional load on him.

In most cases, by the age of six months, the mother's milk is no longer able to cover up all the demands of the growing organism. His needs are growing, the need for protein structures, carbohydrates, as a source of energy, numerous mineral and vitamin complexes, increases.

Approximately by this time, the mucosa and walls of the digestive tract lose their permeability, the process of producing special enzymes that participate in the process of processing and assimilation of food is normalized. Now, the walls of the digestive system can protect the entire body from allergens and toxins that come with food or are the products of its processing.

During this same period, the child's jaws become more prepared. After all, they will gradually have to wean from sucking milk out of the mammary glands of the mother, and to switch to more coarse food, which requires grinding and grinding before it gets into the stomach.

Only food can form a chewing reflex in a baby. And if you are late with the lure, this time can be missed, and then there may be problems with the introduction of any products and the formation of chewing skills. After the onset of the age of seven to eight months, the baby usually resists, fits, not wanting to eat what is given to him. This is reflected in all feeding in general.

With the earlier introduction of complementary foods, as many pediatricians believe, the baby's body is not yet fully ready to accept food other than breast milk.

But there are cases when, for medical reasons, pediatricians recommend introducing the first lure on the threshold of 4 to 4.5 months. One such indicator is the lack of breast milk in a young mother. At the same time, the child does not receive the necessary amounts of food. This decision is made jointly by the mother and the doctor - a pediatrician who watches the newborn.

In order for mother and herself to assess the situation and understand that her child is ready for the introduction of the first complementary food, it is necessary to know a number of signs, according to which the conclusion is made about its readiness.

1. The child becomes more excited and more often than before, requires him to feed.
2. Immediately after feeding, when the mother's breast is already empty, the baby "requires a banquet".
3. If the mother tries to give the baby a spoon, lubricated, for example, in apple puree, the child does not spit it out of her mouth.
4. The baby begins to be interested in the process of adult nutrition, namely, what the mother eats. He tries to try what lies on the plate.
5. At the time of the introduction of the first complementary meal, the crumb should be able to sit and hold in the cam for a long time objects, including food.

If you observe the baby and analyzed the situation, it turns out that most of these signs are noted, then we can safely talk about the willingness of the baby to receive additional food in its diet.

It should be remembered that doctors are not recommended to add a new product two to three days before the vaccination, and also within four to five days after receiving the vaccination.

Another taboo on the introduction of a new product - the period of illness or active teething.

Do not do this and at a time when the street is exhausting heat. After all, the baby tolerates it worse than the adults, because of the soybeans that have not yet been completely thermoregulated.

It is necessary to postpone the new lure and in case the parents plan a long trip, moving to a new place of residence. This is especially true when changing climatic zones. Only after two or three weeks of adaptation can the issue of introducing a new food product be raised.

When starting a change in the list of food items for a child, a young mother must learn several rules and adopt a set of recommendations that will help her to pass this path more easily and imperceptibly.

• The introduction of complementary foods should be done only with a spoon, no bottles. Even if the seller of the children's department explains that the bottle with the papilla has been developed by the manufacturer specifically to facilitate the feeding, it should not be done. The karapuz must initially get used to eating a spoon. Otherwise, the child's perception of the rules of eating behavior will be disturbed. And it is much more difficult to retrain than to teach "from scratch". At first you can use a special spoon made of metal, covered with silicone or plastic. Before you buy a dish for babies, it should be sniffed. There should not be any unpleasant odors. Otherwise, the dishes are made of low quality material, which is inadmissible in our situation. Try slightly bend, the dishes should not be succumbed, it should be strong and safe.
• It is necessary to start a "Diary of complementary foods", on the pages of which such parameters should be reflected: the time of introduction of complementary foods, its name, quantity and reaction of the baby to the product. This approach will help, in case of an allergic reaction, to track the product - the culprit. Be sure to specify the type of heat treatment: raw (for example, grated apple), steaming, stewing or boiling. If it is a product purchased in a specialized store, it is worthwhile to fix the firm-manufacturer. It is advisable to make entries and comments at least up to the half-yearly age of crumbs.
• With a modification in the diet, there are changes in the defecation of the baby. Changing the shade and consistency of its stool masses. Therefore, parents should not lose control of this issue.
• Do not rush and introduce large amounts of new food or add it too often. It can work as a boomerang, the kid will refuse the complementary feeding and this process will have to start from scratch.
• The kid, to try out a new product, you need to try it ten times. Therefore, the next "dish" should be offered no earlier than seven to ten days after the previous one.
• If the baby refuses to feed, try cheating by adding a little bit of mother's milk to the product, most likely this step will make the capricious more compliant.

The fact of changing the consistency and quality of the chair will allow you to choose the first lure for your baby. If he had problems with defecation before and had constipation, then it is better to start with vegetables, since the fiber that predominates in them helps to relax the stool.

In this plan, an unequivocal answer to the fruit can not be given. A number of them, for example, an apple, a peach, an apricot, make the feces more liquid, whereas a banana and a pear on the contrary strengthen the stool.

Particular care should be taken in the introduction of the first complementary foods, because before that the digestive system of the baby has not yet encountered any food other than mother's milk. When a new product appears, activation of the liver function takes place, which leads to the appearance of small streaks of mucus and greenish inclusions in the stool. But do not panic if the child feels well. After a few days, this process is normalized. Do not worry, and if the first time the introduced product will leave the body is not overcooked. After all, liver enzymes only "learn" to process new substances.

In a number of cases, listening to the advice of their mothers and grandmothers, young parents choose the first lure as fruit or vegetable juice, which is absolutely wrong. Until recently, and some - where and now, there was an opinion that juice can not be considered a full-fledged product. It was perceived as a corrective vitamin supplement, which is safe to give already from the third - the fourth month of life. But it is worth remembering that if a newborn is breastfed, it will not need such a product for at least nine to ten months, but it will be much more useful to introduce juice after the performance of the year.

As shown by long-term studies of European doctors, juice does not carry the vitamin-mineral complex necessary for a growing organism, and is not a full-fledged diet. He is able to fill the needs of the child's body in nutrients by only 1-2%. And if you say, for example, about the benefits of apple juice as a source of iron, you can "dumbfound" young parents by the fact that such a small iron body is not digested at all.

In this case, the introduction of juice as the first complementary food can harm a child's immature body. After all, juice - it is quite aggressive for the digestive system, the environment, consisting of multiple fruit acids. They irritate the mucous membrane, provoke the appearance of diarrhea and frustration of the defecation process. Present in them sugar worsens the child's appetite. At the same time sweet juices can so please the baby that he categorically refuses to try anything new, since the rest of the lure has a less pronounced flavor.

If the parents still decided to treat their baby juice, it is worth remembering that in a concentrated form the baby is not given it. This product requires dilution with water in a juice / water ratio, as one to two or even three volumes of water.

Parents regularly ask the question, then where do you start? To date, pediatricians offer two basic first-meal schemes for breastfeeding. The first - ground fruits, the second - homogenous gruel and vegetables. The first scheme did not find much response due to the fact that the facts that concern fruit juices are valid for fruit purees. It is offered to the child in raw form, and, consequently, it contains all the same fruit acids that irritate the tissues of the digestive tract, and sugar can provoke the baby in the future to refuse porridge, vegetables and meat.

Proceeding from this, most pediatricians are inclined to choose the second scheme of complementary feeding.

The first lure for breastfeeding in Komarovsky

How many people, so many opinions. This proverb suits the topic we are considering in this article as well as possible. For example, known today to all young mothers, Dr. Komarovsky, a pediatrician who conducts his broadcast on one of the television channels, has a point of view on this issue.

Turning to the arguments of nutritionists, the first lure for breastfeeding on Komarovsky should begin with sour-milk products.

Despite the fact that vegetable purees are more useful and have a large supply of nutrients, vitamins and minerals, yet, as the doctor explains, these products are by their structure far from breastmilk. And in order to smooth the transitional food stress, the first lure is to choose the product closest to the mother's milk. And this, according to the doctor, is dairy products.

As doctor Komarovsky explains, the introduction of vegetables can provoke an upset in the digestive system of the baby, which reduces all the advantages of this food to "no." Therefore, despite the theoretical advantages of vegetable purees, the pediatrician recommends starting, however, not with more useful vegetable, but with the least "conflicting" sour-milk products. The advantage of "sour milk" is also in those beneficial bacteria that are present in it. They are able to effectively fight the pathogenic flora of the intestine, improving its work. In this case, "good bacteria" are involved in the synthesis of compounds working on food processing, reducing the load that in this process lays on the baby's liver, which is just as important.

According to his theory, which is consonant with the generally accepted opinion, the first introduction of "adult" food should begin not before the baby reaches the age of six months. Until then, his body is quite enough that it produces mother's breast. At the same time, it is worth remembering that just the nursing mother should eat qualitatively and diversely, excluding from her food only those products that can cause the baby an allergic reaction.

If the mother has problems with lactation and to adjust the production of milk for all her efforts, the pediatrician advises to purchase a quality and well-adapted artificial milk formula. In this situation - this is the most correct way out. At the same time, you should not give up breastfeeding, as long as your mother has at least a little milk, should not. After all, a completely identical substitute for mother's milk is not yet created. And breast milk is not only food, but also the protection of the child's organism from negative pathogenic external invasion, since its immunity in the newborn is still imperfect.

And it does not matter what kind of food is chosen (classic, soy, hypoallergenic, low-lactose or any other), the main thing is that it is a quality product designed specifically for this age of the baby. The newborn's body is so fragile that you should not experiment with it, introducing adult food, trying to feed the child out of good intentions.

As already mentioned above, the first lure for a baby is to choose one of the fermented milk products. For example, your choice can be stopped on kefir, offered by children's cuisine, or buy in the store the usual fresh non-fat kefir. In this case, it is desirable to give adult food in the time interval from 9.00 to 11.00 am, which is usually the second feeding.

Lure start with two to three teaspoons kefir, after which the baby "catches" the norm with breast milk. After the introduction of a new product, you should observe the baby throughout the day. In the absence of negative manifestations, the next day the amount of kefir can be doubled. And so on. That is, in practice it will look like this: the first day - 10-15 ml, the second day - 20-30 ml, the third 40-60 ml, the fourth 80-120 ml and then the same. It should immediately be stipulated: if after one of the techniques there was a negative symptomatology, it should, at least, stop increasing the dosage. Do not be superfluous and get a pediatrician's advice. Perhaps, for a while, the lure will have to be stopped altogether, returning to the adaptation mixes, or simply stop introducing new foodstuffs for a while.

If there are no problems, then on the fourth - fifth day in kefir baby can add one teaspoon of curd. Stir well until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Cottage cheese can be purchased at the store, and you can cook on your own, the main thing is that it is quality and fresh. If the first sample was successful, the next day the amount of cottage cheese can be doubled. As voiced by Dr. Komarovsky, at the time of six to eight months, the dosage of the curd can be about 30 diurnal grams, gradually this figure can be raised to 50 g.

It should also be noted that it is desirable to give the child unsweetened fermented milk product, but if he refuses to eat it, it is permissible to slightly sweeten the food. Although it is not necessary to be zealous with this. The reason for such a comment has already been mentioned above.

Some opponents express the idea that for such an organism cottage cheese is too overloaded with calcium, to which Komarovsky argues in the language of figures. As studies show, in 100 grams of cottage cheese calcium is 156 mg, in human milk it is 25 mg (for comparison, in cow's milk, 60 mg). But since cottage cheese is introduced into the lure little by little, then, respectively, 30 grams of cottage cheese will add only 46.8 mg of calcium to the baby's body. In this case, only one feeding is replaced, all the rest are breastfeeding or feeding with adapted mixtures.

In the future, this pediatrician does not have the usual table for some mothers, since the tabular variant is more obvious, but does not reflect all the nuances of the process under consideration.

The complementary feeding scheme for breastfeeding by WHO

This process is not lost from its control and the World Health Organization (WHO). She offers her own scheme, developed by scientific research institutes, whereby young parents are encouraged to begin translating their baby into a wider range of products.

To date, such techniques and graphs are many, but informative, easy to use and effective - a unit. The complementary feeding scheme for breastfeeding according to WHO in our case is reduced, for clarity, in tabular form.

Document Without a Name

Product	Term input	Type of processing, dish	Portion volume.
Vegetables	From 6 months (on medical indicators it is possible with 4 - 4,5 months).	Primarily, you should enter from vegetables of a white or green kind. The dish is a homogeneous puree of boiled vegetables.	Start - 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing up to 100 - 200 g once a day.
Vegetable oil	Not earlier than 6 months.	Sunflower, corn, olive. It is introduced into the main vegetable or meat dish.	Start with 3 - 5 drops to one teaspoon.
Porridge on the water	Not earlier than 6, 5 - 7 months. If the weight of the baby is below normal, it is possible to introduce complementary foods from 4 to 5 months.	The beginning - gluten-free cereals: buckwheat, corn, rice. With normal tolerability - Hercules (oatmeal). With full adaptation to these products, later you can enter multi-cereal gruel.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to the norm of one feeding - 100 - 200 g.
Butter	From the age of 7 months.	As an additive to the main dishes.	Originally - the eighth part of a teaspoon. Gradually bring to 10 -20 g.
Fruit	From 7 to 8 months of age.	Primarily choose fruits with a faint color (red fruits are introduced in the last turn). The first - monopure, with a gradual transition to fruit purees - assorted.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to the norm of one feeding - 100 - 200 g.
Porridge on milk	From 8 to 9 months of age.	The beginning - gluten-free cereals: buckwheat, corn, rice. With normal tolerability - Hercules (oatmeal). With full adaptation to these products, later you can enter multi-cereal gruel.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to the norm of one feeding - 100 - 200 g.
Meat	From 8 months of age.	Meat puree. Preference: rabbit, turkey, veal, chicken, young beef. Monopedure, and then a multi-component puree.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing up the norm of one feeding - 50 - 100 g.
Egg yolk	From 8 months of age.	As an additive to the main dishes.	Originally - the eighth part of yolk. Gradually bring half the yolk in the diurnal.
Bakery products	From 9 to 10 months of age.	Galette cookies: zoological, "Maria".	We begin with the eighth part and bring it gradually to the whole. Up to one-year-old age, no more than 5 pieces per day are allowed.
Dairy products	From the age of 9 months.	Without any additives: yogurt, kefir, biokefir (reduced fat content).	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to the norm of one feeding - 100 - 200 g.
	From the age of 10 months.	With fruit filling or other products.
Cottage cheese	From the age of 9 months.	Without any additives	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to 50 g. After a year - 100 g.
	From the age of 10 months.	With fruit filling or other products.
Meat by-products (liver, tongue, heart)	From 9 to 10 months of age.	Homogeneous puree, one - two meals a week.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing up the norm of one feeding - 50 - 100 g.
	From 12 to 14 months of age.	As a separate dish about two to three meals a week.
A fish	From the age of 10 months. If the child is prone to allergic reactions to foods, it is worth waiting until he reaches a one-year age.	No more than two meals a week.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing up the norm of one feeding - 150-200 g.
Fruit juices. Be sure to dilute with water. Ratio 1: 2 or 1: 3	From 10 to 12 months of age.	Primarily introduced diluted juices, prepared from light and greenish fruits, only gradually the intensity of color can be added, turning to red fruits.	Start with 3 - 5 drops, gradually increasing the volume. In a year, the baby can already give 100 ml of diluted juice.
Gluten grains (porridge on milk): semolina, yak, millet, pearl barley.	From the age of 12 months.	Primarily introduced is highly digested monocomponent porridge. Gradually turning to more friable options.	Begin with 2 - 3 teaspoons, gradually bringing to the norm in 200 - 250 g.
Berry puree	From the age of 12 months.	Practically any.	Start with 0.5 teaspoon, gradually bringing to the norm in 100 - 150 g.

When switching to complementary feeding, it is necessary to take into account a number of other factors:

• For any type of feeding (breast, artificial or sveshannom), the introduction of vegetables and fruits should begin with light (white) and greenish species. In this case, it is possible to prevent the development of an allergic reaction to the coloring enzyme. In this case, it is worth choosing those vegetables and fruits that are grown in the zone of residence of the family and correspond to seasonality. Naturally, this fact should be chosen whenever possible.
• Primarily gruel need to start cooking on water, or you can add a mild expressed breast milk.
• After the porridges are introduced into the baby's diet, after a month and a half, the transition from mono-kashas to their mixing is allowed: assorted of cereals and cereals, puree assorted.
• At first, the use of various condiments, including sugar and salt, is not allowed.
• If the baby refuses to take complementary foods. You can try to cheat by adding a little milk to the dish or sweetening, for example, fruit puree. The given question is solved on a situation and depending on that, what lure at the given moment is entered.
• Do not rush with the addition of large amounts of new food or drastically and too often increase portions. The kid will give up feeding altogether, and this process will have to start from scratch.
• To try out a new product, the child needs some time. Therefore, the next "dish" should be offered no earlier than seven to ten days after the previous one.
• If vaccination is planned, then two days before it and four - five after, the baby's menu should not introduce a new product.
• Do not inject a new product in the period of illness or active teething.
• This taboo is superimposed on the period of exhausting heat. Since the child's thermoregulation system is not yet perfect, the child suffers from the heat and he is not up to experimenting with food. In this period he is more capricious.
• It is necessary to postpone the new lure and in case the parents plan a long trip, moving to a new place of residence. This is especially true when changing climatic zones. Only after two or three weeks of adaptation can the issue of introducing a new food product be raised.
• Between the feedings it is worth gently offering the baby some water.

If the parents will withstand all the recommendations and schedule of introduction of complementary foods, they will be able to avoid many health problems of the little man, growing him healthy, strong and developed.

Introduction of complementary feeding with breastfeeding by RAMS

Do not stand aside and Russian science. Scientists and nutritionists of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) have developed their own scheme for transferring the baby to a varied diet. According to experts, the first lure, with the normal development of the baby, you can enter only after reaching six months of age. When half the year is reached, the digestive system and the baby's jaw apparatus are prepared for processing another food, except the mother's product. And it is at this time that the baby becomes inadequate only of the mother's breast milk.

The introduction of complementary feeding during breastfeeding on the Russian Academy of Medical Science allows the addition of new products to the ration of infants from the age of four months, but this is allowed only in a number of bleaching cases. One of the most common causes is the lack of mother's milk, that is, the baby stops eating and needs more nutrition.

Some mummies are afraid that when feeding, the milk will start to disappear, but this is not entirely true. The first lure is usually appointed when the baby is ready to take it, that is, he feels a shortage of breastfeeding. At the same time introduced additives is at first more "complementary", but only with time "substitute" procedure for breastfeeding.

At the same time, the correct accustoming to this or that food, this process allows the child to develop digestive physiology, forming chewing skills and improving the process of digesting one or another food directly.

Just do not forget that both the early addition of new products, and later, can lead to a number of deviations. Abnormal "eating behavior" can be established, which will later be reconstructed problematically. Therefore, if the baby develops normally, then the ideal time for introducing supplemental nutrition is six to seven months.

The scheme of complementary feeding during breastfeeding in the RAMS is in many places akin to feeding by WHO, but there are a number of differences. For example, if fruit juices are allowed in the second case only from 10 months, then according to the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Medical Science, they can be given little by little from the age of six months.

Their own recent recommendations have also been revised. So, according to the Russian Academy of Medical Science, sour-milk products were allowed to be taken even from 5 months even before the new one, whereas the new version of the document pushes the child's acquaintance with them to the age of eight months. This is due to the fact that the composition of fermented milk products includes gluten, which is able to cause many children an allergic reaction.

But meat products are allowed to be taken a little earlier. If until recently they could be entered only from 8 months, now this term has moved to 7 months. Whereas WHO specifies - 9 - 10 month old. Pediatricians consider it inappropriate for the actions of some parents who ignore products of animal origin. Believing themselves to be vegetarians, they are trying to instill this culture from their birth to their children. But such ignoring of meat is unacceptable. To develop normally, the kid should receive a whole complex of various substances, minerals and vitamins. In this regard, you can not do without meat.

Fruit and vegetable puree, according to experts, you can begin to give babies from six months of age. In this case, the reception of monoprure, that is, prepared using one name of the product, is primarily allowed. At first, fruits and vegetables, colored in bright colors, should be avoided, as the likelihood of developing an allergy to the coloring enzyme increases.

From vegetables for the first complementary foods are most suitable: broccoli, zucchini, cauliflower. Potato tubers should be added later (not earlier than eight months), ideally it can be one of the ingredients of a mix or assorted - puree.

Some pediatricians in the role of the first complementary foods advise well-brewed and wiped gluten-free cereals, cooked on the water. To such groats include buckwheat, corn, rice. With normal tolerability, you can also add Hercules (oatmeal). If the child refuses to try it, it is worth the risk of introducing a little milk into the lure. The quickest "mother's smell" will make the capricious change "anger at mercy."

According to the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Medical Science (after the last edition), milk porridge (in cow milk) is allowed to give the baby from six to seven months, whereas the World Health Organization designates it for a period of eight to nine months.

But whatever these methods are, it is necessary to carefully monitor the child's condition after every subsequent product is introduced or the amount of its administration is increased, and if any negative signs appear, suspend the increase in complementary portions, or even temporarily exclude it from the baby's menu. In such a situation, you should consult a pediatrician. He will help to establish the cause of the ailment. Perhaps this is an allergic reaction to lure, and perhaps the manifested symptomatology is absolutely not related to the food. It is likely the child has overheated somewhat (prolonged exposure to the sun or inappropriate clothing weather) or he became ill. And there can be several reasons for this.

The birth of a child is a joyful and exciting period in the life of any woman. Parents experience not less excitement when they observe the success of their child's development. Particularly difficult is the period to the year of the baby. It is during this period that he must learn a lot, including eating, with a variety of food. In order not to harm such a fragile organism, young parents should know and follow the complementary feeding scheme when breastfeeding. Modern methods of introducing the first "adult" diet are many. And to decide on a more suitable one, it is worth consulting with your pediatrician who observes the baby. He not only advises the complementary feeding scheme, but also can correct the power if necessary. Dare, learn and let your baby grow up healthy, strong and happy!