Goat's milk for pancreatitis

The pancreas plays an important role in digestion. It secretes enzymes that enter the duodenum, with their help the acidic environment of the gastric juice is neutralized, food fragments are broken down and processed, and the process of absorption of nutrients occurs. Inflammation of the organ leads to a violation of these stages, causes pain, failures of metabolic processes. Pancreatitis forces you to follow a diet and can only be treated in conjunction with proper nutrition. The use of each product should be analyzed for its effect on the pancreas and checked against the diet menu. What place is given to goat milk in pancreatitis?

Dairy goats have been traditionally used for milk production throughout the world, particularly in Asia, Africa and Europe, which produce 58.4%, 24.1% and 14.2% of the world's goat milk, respectively.

Recent studies show that consumption of full-fat milk and dairy products is not associated with the occurrence of CVD, stroke, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes. [ 1 ], [ 2 ] Moreover, milk consumption provides health benefits in patients with diabetes, [ 3 ] obesity [ 4 ] and metabolic syndrome, [ 5 ] particularly when fermented dairy products are consumed. [ 6 ] Despite this body of evidence, dairy consumption remains controversial.

Can you drink goat milk if you have pancreatitis?

Goat milk is a rich source of bioactive compounds (peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, short-chain fatty acids, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols such as phytoestrogens and minerals, among others) that have important health effects. However, the composition of goat milk depends on the type of food the animal receives, and thus the content of bioactive compounds in milk depends on the food sources of goat feed. [ 7 ]

Indications

Milk should be present in the diet of a patient with pancreatitis, but its fat content should be within 1-2.5%, depending on the stage of the disease. An acute attack excludes any food for several days, including milk. In chronic pancreatitis in remission, milk is indicated, but you need to start consuming it with a low-fat product, preparing mashed porridge, jelly, adding a few spoons to mashed potatoes, diluting the egg mixture for an omelet with it. If pancreatitis is complicated by cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder, then low-fat milk, like other non-acidic dairy products, is not prohibited. When eating dairy dishes, you need to listen to your body - the appearance of painful sensations, the occurrence of flatulence, bloating indicates that something is not suitable, because each body is individual. An exacerbation of pancreatitis will stop milk intake for a few days, but after the symptoms have disappeared, returning to it will speed up rehabilitation.

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Benefits

Potential health benefits of goat milk consumption have recently been reviewed, including hypoallergenicity and improvement of gastrointestinal disorders, Fe and Cu absorption, growth rate, bone density, and blood levels of vitamin A, Ca, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and cholesterol, however, human health claims remain largely based on anecdotal evidence, which is also used in industry promotional materials and the media.[ 9 ] Given that species, breed, management practices, and season greatly affect the nutritional quality of milk,[ 10 ],[ 11 ],[ 12 ],[ 13 ] differences between cow's and goat's milk are expected, although their magnitude may also vary between and within countries. However, most countries lack detailed nutritional analysis of retail goat's milk.

Milk and dairy products are a major source of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the human diet, including those thought to be responsible for an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0). Total SFA intake currently exceeds recommended levels, and dietary guidelines call for a reduction in their intake (to less than 10% of total energy intake). However, milk also contains several monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which have beneficial effects on human health. [ 14 ], [ 15 ], [ 16 ], [ 17 ], [ 18 ]

The main beneficial MUFAs in milk are c9 C18:1 (oleic acid; OA) and t11 C18:1 (vaccenic acid; VA), while the main beneficial PUFAs include c9t11 C18:2 (rumenic acid; RA) and omega-3 (n -3) c9c12c15 C18:3 (α-linolenic acid; ALNA), c5c8c11c14c17 C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA), c7c10c13c16c19 C22:5 (docosapentaenoic acid; DPA) and c4c16c7c06oin acid;). Minerals are essential for the human body and play many vital roles, including (but not limited to) enzyme cofactor activity, metalloproteins, vitamin and bone formation, osmolarity, nutrient absorption, and oxygen transport, as previously described in several books and publications. Milk is a good source of the macrominerals Ca, Mg, P, and K, as well as the three microminerals I, Se, and Zn.[ 19 ] It also contains the macrominerals Na and S, along with the microminerals B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Ni, although it is not considered a major source of these minerals in the human diet. Phytoestrogens (including lignans, isoflavones, and coumestans), and equol in particular, have been linked to health benefits such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and symptoms of osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and menopause. [ 20 ], [ 21 ], [ 22 ], [ 23 ] However, unlike FAs and minerals, there is insufficient research on the potential effects of phytoestrogen consumption to support dietary recommendations, and therefore there are no available reference intake levels. [ 24 ]

Inclusion of goat milk in a high-fat diet increased skeletal muscle mass and mitochondrial content, increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and white adipose tissue browning and lipolytic activity. These actions at the molecular level were associated with increased oxygen consumption and energy expenditure, increased in situ lipolysis-mediated thermogenesis in subcutaneous adipose tissue, preventing excessive accumulation of fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy and consequently decreasing serum leptin and triglyceride levels. Goat milk consumption also increased AMPK-mediated lipid oxidation in the liver and skeletal muscle and decreased SREBP-1c-mediated lipogenesis in the liver, reducing fat content in both organs; preventing insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Dietary goat milk also prevents liver inflammation and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue.[ 25 ],[ 26 ]

Switching from cow's milk to goat's milk for children (1–18 years) and adults (> 19 years) will increase the intake of Cu (by +6.3 and +5.6 μg/day, respectively), I (by +55.9 and +49.7 μg/day, respectively), Mg (by +5.6 and +5.0 mg/day, respectively), P (by +14.1 and +12.5 mg/day, respectively), K (by +91.8 and +81.6 mg/day, respectively), Mn (by +5.2 and +4.6 μg/day, respectively), and B (by +15.7 and +13.9 μg/day, respectively). These nutrients are of great importance for human health. Cu enhances hemoglobin and pigment formation and enzyme function, Mg is a major enzyme cofactor and is essential for muscle and nerve function, P is essential for acid-base balance, protein and energy metabolism, and membrane structure, K is essential for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and maintenance of water and acid-base balance, Mn is a catalytic cofactor and activator of a number of enzymes, and vitamin B has long been considered only an essential element in plants but has recently been shown to affect many mammalian enzymes, bone development, mineralization, and energy metabolism.

Contraindications

The main feature of goat's milk that has contributed to its growing interest among consumers is its lower allergenic properties due to lower levels of α-s1-CN and its higher digestibility associated with a higher proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids than cow's milk.[ 27 ]

Goat milk is contraindicated in case of lactose deficiency, which is expressed in bloating and pain in the intestines, diarrhea. Allergy to goat milk is another taboo that does not allow its use. Albumins are not broken down in the intestines, and when they enter the bloodstream, they are perceived by the body as foreign and cause a reaction in the form of hives, itching, sneezing, runny nose, even asthma attacks. Deterioration of the condition, its unpleasant reactions are a signal to stop using the product, and in the acute period, no experiments with food are allowed at all.