Other types of child injury

Burns

This is a common type of injury in young children. Touching hot surfaces (to an iron, a stove, a pan, etc.), to a flame, tipping over containers with a hot or boiling liquid, electric shock, contacts with acids, alkalis, bleach, lime, caustic soda - all this leads to burns. With small burns, the affected area should be placed under cold water, and then it can be lubricated with sunflower or butter, then apply a free gauze dressing. If the burn is stronger and a blister appears, it is best not to touch it and not open it. Small blisters heal without bursting. If the blister bursts in a few days, cut off excess skin with scissors, boiled for ten minutes in water, and cover with a sterile gauze moistened with vaseline oil or better panthenol, vundehil ointment.

Never smear the burned area with iodine.

With a superficial lesion of a large area of the skin, the burnt surface is recommended to be washed with running cold water for 15-20 minutes - due to this measure, no bubbles form. You can apply a cloth moistened with a solution of potassium permanganate, which has a tanning effect on the skin. In case of deep burns, a sterile bandage is placed on the wound, the child is given an analgesic (analgin) and delivered to a hospital (burn center, surgery).

If a small child has 3-5% of the body surface burned (the surface area of the palm is 1% of the entire surface of the body), a burn shock may develop. In addition to severe painful impulses, a huge amount of fluid is lost through the burned surface, and these causes lead to a decrease in the volume of circulating blood. In addition, the intoxication of the body begins, as the products of tissue decay are sucked from the wound surface. Moreover, the burnt surface is a vast entrance gate for infection. Therefore, the baby needs urgent specialized medical care.

If a child has a sunburn, he should not be in the sun until the consequences of the trauma completely disappear. Burnt places are smeared with baby cream, vundehil ointment, panthenol, vegetable oil.

In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to release the child from the effect of current in any way: de-energize the apartment by unscrewing the stopper, or isolating it with the help of improvised means (rubber gloves, blankets, standing on a rubber mat or dry board), pull the child away from the power source . In places of electric shock, hydrolysis of tissues occurs, "signs of current" appear, long healing and difficult to treat wounds develop. With more severe burns, all layers of the skin, muscles and bones are damaged. As a pre-hospital care, a sterile gauze bandage is applied to the burn site.

If the current has passed through the entire body or chest, perhaps a serious disorder of cardiac activity and respiration. When the electric current passes through the head, the respiratory and vasomotor centers are depressed. In both cases, the child needs resuscitation. The child is laid on the floor, the head is thrown back, a roller is placed under the neck (a towel, clothes rolled up by a roller), one hand closes the child's nose, the other supports the lower jaw under its corners in order to push the jaw forward (this is to ensure that the tongue does not sank into his throat). Then, tightly grasping the mouth with your mouth, the child breathes out into the baby's lungs. The frequency of injection should be about 25-30 per minute. If the child's heart beats, then artificial respiration continues until the baby does not breathe on his own. The indicator of the effectiveness of artificial respiration is the porosity of the skin. It must be remembered that the volume of the lungs of a child is much less than that of an adult, so the exhalation should be done not very full.

If there is no heart beat, then an immediate massage of the heart should be started immediately. Place your hands on top of one another so that the palms rest in parallel. Mentally divide the breastbone of the child into three parts and on the border of the middle and lower third of the sternum press it intensively, but not sharply - so that your assistant can feel the pulsation on the main vessels (carotid, femoral artery). If the child is small, you can massage with one hand or even with the fingers of one hand, placing your index finger on the middle and pressing them at the same point (on the border of the middle and lower third of the sternum). Hands with indirect heart massage should be straightened, fingers should not touch the ribs, so as not to break them. Press on the chest should be at a frequency of about 100-120 per minute.

If resuscitation measures are done alone, then you need to do two or three breaths, and then 8-12 clicks. If the rescuers are two, then one should engage in artificial respiration, and another with an indirect heart massage. Resuscitation measures are carried out until the child begins to breathe independently.

Frostbites

More often children freeze fingers on hands and feet, ears, a nose, cheeks. At the same time, the skin becomes white, which is clearly visible on its common pink or red background. With a slight frostbite, the affected areas turn red, swell, they feel pain, sometimes quite severe, burning. After some time, these phenomena are weakened, but the sensitivity of frost-bitten places to tactile, temperature effects for several days remains elevated. With a stronger frostbite on the affected areas in the future, bubbles are formed, filled with a colorless or bloody liquid. In severe cases, tissue necrosis may occur.

If frozen hands or feet, as a first aid they are lowered into water at room temperature. Within 20-30 minutes, gradually pouring warm water, the bath temperature is raised to 37 ° C. Thus frostbitten places slightly mass in a direction from fingers upwards. After warming, the skin is dried by blotting movements, a dry sterile dressing is applied and heat is wrapped. Frozen ears, nose and cheeks gently rub with circular movements of fingers (snow can not be rubbed). If hypothermia for a long time affects the entire body of the baby, the baby should be immediately placed in a warm bath at a temperature of 34-37 ° C. He is given a warm drink, laid in a warm bed before the arrival of the "first aid". In severe cases of hypothermia and frostbites, hospitalization is indicated.

Poisoning

If a child ate or drank something poisonous, call him vomit as soon as possible. In order for it to be abundant, give it plenty of water. Put the baby on his stomach and shove his fingers in his mouth to the root of the tongue - stirring them you will cause vomiting. It is better to wash the stomach two or three times. But a small child does not always manage to wash the stomach with artificial vomiting. Then you need to find a narrow tube of moderate elasticity and insert it into the stomach, then through it to introduce water, and then through it to remove water with a syringe or syringe. You can give your baby a drink of milk, jelly or rice decoction and then induce vomiting. Immediately after providing first aid, the child must be taken to the hospital. If the poisoning is caused by the inhalation of gas or carbon monoxide, the baby should be immediately taken to fresh air and, if he does not breathe, carry out artificial respiration, if necessary, and a closed heart massage.

Suffocation

A small child can put his head in a plastic bag, push it through the cot twigs, get tangled when playing with a rope, etc. In any case, you need to immediately restore the free flow of air to the lungs. If the child does not breathe by himself, artificial respiration is necessary.

Foreign body

Children take a variety of subjects in their mouths, in particular because in this way, until the age of three, they explore the world. Small things during a cough, crying laughter can get into the larynx from the mouth. The same can happen with food particles when eating. At the same time the child has a paroxysmal cough, then suffocation, the baby turns blue, can lose consciousness. Small objects of irregular shape can injure the larynx and wedge into it. In this case, at first the child's breathing is not disturbed, but he complains of a sore throat, and blood is found in saliva or sputum. After several hours, the laryngeal edema develops and choking occurs.

From the larynx, the foreign body often penetrates deeper - into the trachea or bronchi. The child coughs first, but then the breathing is restored, and the parents do not go to the doctor. However, in the future, the baby can develop severe illnesses, so the child with suspected foreign body in the respiratory tract should be immediately delivered to the ear, throat, nose. A kid can swallow a fish with a bone, a needle, an open pin. In this case, he complains of pain in the chest (if the foreign body is stuck in the esophagus), sometimes vomiting begins. Do not try to help the child on their own - it must be urgently taken to the hospital.

In medical practice, cases are very common where a small object comes from the nose or ear of a baby: a button, a bead, a small ball. Sometimes parents try to remove it themselves and only worsen the situation: if it is a smooth object, they push it even deeper. The most correct - immediately go to the doctor. A foreign body from the nose can sometimes be extracted by blowing. The child is asked to calmly inhale, close his free nostril and offer a blow-up. However, if the child is still very small, he can suck in air when blowing his nose, and the foreign object will move even further. In some cases, sneezing helps.

But sometimes parents do not suspect that the child pushed into his nose some object. Then a few days later from the nose appear foul-smelling discharge with blood. This should alarm, and the child should be shown to the otolaryngologist.

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