Is it okay for a breastfeeding mom to take painkillers?

During pregnancy and lactation, a woman faces many restrictions. First of all, this applies to drug therapy. Many drugs are contraindicated for nursing mothers. As for painkillers, it is possible to take such remedies while breastfeeding:

• Diclofenac
• Ibuprofen
• Ketanov
• Lidocaine
• No-Spah
• Nurofen
• Panadol
• Paracetamol
• Ultracaine
• Efferalgan

Many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are allowed during lactation, but before using them, you should consult your doctor. The doctor will prescribe the dosage and determine the duration of therapy.

Contraindicated analgesics:

• Analgin
• Aspirin
• Codeine
• Nimesulide
• Pentalgin
• Cedalgin
• Phenobarbital
• Citramon

Citramon and Aspirin are dangerous because they cause liver disorders and negatively affect the CNS. Citramon contains caffeine, which provokes increased excitement in the infant. Analgin has toxic properties, changes the composition of milk and depresses lactation. The drug worsens the hematopoiesis of the baby and badly affects the state of the kidneys. Combined analgesics are dangerous with the development of allergic reactions in the child.

Can a breastfeeding mom drink paracetamol?

Paracetamol is an antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. It inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, inflammatory mediators and excitability of the thermoregulatory center. When taken orally, it is absorbed in the upper intestine, penetrating into all tissues of the body. Metabolized in the liver, forming two metabolites: glucorangide and paracetamol sulfate. Binding to blood plasma proteins is 25%. Maximum concentration develops in 30-40 minutes, antipyretic effect occurs in 1-2 hours. The elimination half-life is 2-4 hours.

• Indications for use: symptomatic therapy of pain syndrome of various etiologies of medium and mild intensity. Headache and toothache, myalgia, neuralgia, back pain, arthralgia. Hyperthermic reactions in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
• Dosage: tablets and syrup are taken orally, suppositories - rectally. Single dosage for adults 350-500 mg, the maximum dosage - 1.5 g. The drug is taken after meals, drinking plenty of liquid.
• Side effects: thrombocytopenia, anemia, leukopenia, renal colic, hyperexcitability/drowsiness, decreased contractility of the heart muscle, digestive system disorders, skin allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, renal/liver failure. Rectal suppositories are not used in inflammatory processes in the rectal mucosa.
• Overdose: toxic effect on the liver, drowsiness, pale skin and mucous membranes, nausea and vomiting, dizziness. If the above symptoms appear, it is necessary to seek medical help. As an antidote, Ν-acetylcysteine is administered intravenously or orally with further detoxification therapy.

The use of Paracetamol during pregnancy and lactation is possible only by doctor's prescription. According to pharmacokinetic properties, it penetrates into breast milk in small amounts. During lactation, the child receives a reduced pediatric dosage. Hepatotoxicity does not develop due to hepatic immaturity of newborns and children.

Form of release: 200 mg tablets for 10 pieces in a pack of 10, syrup 125 mg/5 ml in bottles of 60 and 100 ml, rectal suppositories of 80 mg for 10 pieces in a pack.

Can a nursing mom drink citramone?

Citramon is a non-narcotic analgesic drug. It has a combined composition: acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine. The interaction of these components provides antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Increases blood flow, dilates blood vessels, inhibits the excitability of the center of thermoregulation and prostaglandins.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of moderate intensity of various etiologies. It is used for headache and toothache, myalgia, arthralgia, neuralgia, febrile state in acute respiratory, inflammatory and infectious diseases.
• How to use: orally 1 tablet 2-3 times a day.
• Side effects: nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, decreased blood coagulation, dizziness, kidney damage, skin allergic reactions, decreased visual acuity.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the GI tract, hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease. It is not prescribed for children under 15 years of age and before surgical interventions.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, painful sensations in epigastrium, drowsiness, lethargy, bronchospasms, convulsions. Treatment is symptomatic. There is no specific antidote.

Citramon is prohibited for use during pregnancy and lactation. These contraindications are based on the composition of the medicament. Acetylsalicylic acid has teratogenic effects, provoking congenital anomalies in the fetus. Caffeine and paracetamol increase the risk of side effects in the baby, as they penetrate into breast milk.

Form of release: tablets for oral administration of 6, 10 pieces in a package.

Is it okay for a nursing mom to drink ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent. The drug is approved for use by nursing mothers, although it penetrates a small amount into breast milk.

After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the GI tract. Maximum concentration in blood plasma is observed 1-2 hours after administration. Metabolized in the liver, half-life 1.5-2 hours. Excreted by the kidneys in the form of conjugates and unchanged.

• Indications for use: traumatic inflammation of soft tissues and musculoskeletal system. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, neuralgia, myalgia, bursitis, sciatica, proctitis. Toothache and headache, complex treatment of diseases of ENT organs.
• How to use: orally 400-600 mg 2-3 times a day. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 2.4 g. Duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: nausea, heartburn, diarrhea, headaches and dizziness, sleep disorders, skin allergic reactions. In rare cases there are bleeding from the GI tract, bronchospasms, aseptic meningitis.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, disorders of hematopoiesis, diseases of the optic nerve, severe renal/liver dysfunction, ulcerative colitis, patients under 6 years of age.
• Overdose: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headaches, metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure, tachycardia, depression, tinnitus, mental retardation. Gastric lavage with further symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment.

Form of release: coated tablets of 200 mg. The package contains 100 tablets.

Is it okay for a nursing mom to drink aspirin?

A combination drug, which includes acetylsalicylic acid and vitamin C. It has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Increases the body's resistance, reduces vascular permeability.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of mild and moderate intensity of inflammatory and other etiologies. Headache and toothache, febrile conditions, acute respiratory infections, thrombophlebitis, cerebral circulatory disorders.
• How to use: orally 1-4 tablets per day. Duration of treatment and the necessary dosage is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: development of aspirin triad, skin allergic rashes, GI disorders, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the drug components, tendency to bleeding, chronic or recurrent diseases of the GI tract, pregnancy and lactation, pediatric patients.

Aspirin is prohibited for breastfeeding mothers. Its active substances penetrate into breast milk and negatively affect the baby's body. It can cause bronchospasms and allergic reactions in the infant. Aspirin does not belong to the medicines of first necessity. There are a number of safe analogs.

Form of release: tablets for oral intake and soluble "effervescent" capsules of 10 pieces in a package.

Can a breastfeeding mom drink analgin?

A drug with pronounced analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. After ingestion it is quickly absorbed, producing therapeutic effect. It has good solubility, which allows using Analgin parenterally, i.e. Bypassing the GI tract.

• Indications for use: pain of various etiologies, febrile conditions, rheumatism, influenza.
• Method of administration: orally, intramuscularly, intravenously. When taking orally, use 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. Dosage for injections is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: inhibition of hematopoiesis, allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: disorders of hematopoiesis, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Analgin is not recommended during breastfeeding. Studies indicate that in 85% of cases, taking this analgesic causes severe allergic reactions in infants. Active components quickly penetrate into breast milk and through it into the child's body. This is dangerous for the development of pathologies of the hematopoietic and urinary systems in the baby.

Form of release: 500 mg tablets of 10 pieces in a package, 25% and 50% solutions in ampoules of 1 and 2 ml.

Is it possible to drink ibuklin for a nursing mom?

Combined drug with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Reduces pain in the joints, relieves swelling, increases the volume of movement, reduces morning stiffness. Each capsule contains 400 mg brufen and 325 mg paracetamol.

• Indications for use: rheumatoid arthritis, gout, spinal pain, myalgia, traumatic inflammation of soft tissues and musculoskeletal system, toothache. Complex therapy of acute infectious-inflammatory lesions of the upper respiratory tract.
• How to use: orally 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. Duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the epigastric region. In rare cases, erosive and ulcerative lesions, bleeding and perforation of the GI tract develop. Skin allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia, edema are also possible.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the drug components, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the GI tract in the acute stage, aspirin asthma, liver dysfunction, diseases of the hematopoietic organs. It is administered with special caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Use Ibuklin while breastfeeding only by doctor's prescription. The doctor assesses the potential benefit for the mother and the possible risk to the baby. If the drug is prescribed for a short period of time, then lactation is not stopped, since the drug does not have mutagenic, teratogenic or embryotoxic properties. In case of prolonged therapy, lactation is interrupted and milk is decanted.

Form of release: tablets of 10 and 200 pieces in a package.

Can a nursing mom drink ketanoff?

Medication with the active component - ketorolac. Affects the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibits the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. In this case, the systemic analgesic effect exceeds the anti-inflammatory effect. Inhibits platelet aggregation caused by arachidonic acid. Does not depress the respiratory center, does not affect the state of cardiac muscle and does not provoke hemodynamic disorders.

• Indications for use: moderate and severe pain in the postoperative period, gynecological, urological, dental, otolaryngological, orthopedic pain. Injuries to muscle and soft tissues, bones, sprains, dislocations, fractures. Pain relief in drug withdrawal, renal and hepatic colic, otitis media, postpartum pain, osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis, cancer pain.
• How to use: intramuscularly 10 mg every 4-6 hours. Orally 1 capsule every 4-6 hours. Duration of treatment should not exceed 7 days.
• Side effects: drowsiness, nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, headache and dizziness, constipation, dry mouth, increased sweating, myalgia, asthenia, nervousness.
• Contraindications: nasal polyposis syndrome, pregnancy and lactation, patients under 16 years of age, gastric and duodenal ulcer, renal failure, blood coagulation disorders, intolerance to the drug components.
• Overdose: diarrhea, skin pallor, vomiting, breathing difficulties. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.

Ketanov is not recommended to combine with breastfeeding. If taking the drug is caused by acute pain, lactation is stopped. This is due to the fact that the active components of the analgesic penetrate into breast milk and can cause a number of painful symptoms in the baby: drowsiness, weakening of the sucking reflex, jaundice. Ketorolac negatively affects the internal organs of the infant, especially the CNS, liver, hematopoietic organs.

Form of release: tablets of 10 in a blister, 1, 2, 10 blisters in a package. Ampoules for injection.

Can nimesil be taken by breastfeeding moms?

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the focus of inflammation. Duration of the therapeutic effect lasts for 6 hours.

• Indications for use: pain syndromes of various origins, infectious and inflammatory diseases, degenerative and inflammatory lesions of the musculoskeletal system. Urological, vascular and gynecological diseases. Conditions with elevated body temperature.
• How to use: orally after meals. Daily dosage of 200 mg, divided into two receptions. The contents of the sachet are poured into a glass of warm water and stirred until a suspension of homogeneous consistency. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: headaches and dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, flatulence, GI bleeding, bronchospasms, visual disturbances, increased liver enzymes, allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug components, gastric and duodenal ulcer, renal dysfunction, GI bleeding, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heartburn, abdominal pain, arterial hypertension, pregnancy and lactation, pediatric patients.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, GI bleeding, allergic reactions. For treatment, gastric lavage and intake of activated charcoal with further symptomatic therapy is indicated.

Nimesil is contraindicated for nursing mothers, as the active components of the drug penetrate into breast milk and negatively affect the baby's body. With a single administration, lactation is interrupted for 24 hours, and the milk is decanted. In case of longer therapy, feeding is stopped until its completion.

Form of release: sachet with granules for the preparation of suspension. 30 sachets in a package.

Can ketorol be taken by a nursing mom?

NSAIDs with analgesic properties. Contains the active component - ketorolac. It has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase types 1 and 2, inhibits prostaglandins.

The analgesic effect is similar to, but superior to, that of morphine. The therapeutic effect occurs ½ hour after ingestion or intramuscular injection. The maximum therapeutic effect develops in 1-2 hours.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of various etiologies, pain of moderate and severe severity.
• How to use: tablets are taken orally 10 mg 2-4 times a day, the duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days. Dosage for intramuscular/intravenous injections is calculated by the attending physician, individually for each patient.
• Side effects: low back pain, acute renal failure, urinary disorders, diarrhea, epigastric pain, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the GI tract, constipation, stomatitis, vomiting, nausea, allergic and local reactions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, bronchospasms, angioedema, aspirin triad, erosive-ulcerative diseases of the digestive system, hypovolemia, disorders of hematopoiesis, pregnancy and lactation, hemorrhagic stroke, patients under 16 years of age.
• Overdose: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, erosive lesions of the GI tract, metabolic acidosis, renal dysfunction. Gastric lavage, administration of adsorbent preparations and further symptomatic therapy are indicated for treatment.

Ketorol is incompatible with lactation. If it is necessary to use the medicine, breastfeeding should be stopped until the end of treatment.

Form of release: tablets 10 mg 10 pieces in a blister, two blisters in a package. Solution for intramuscular injection in ampoules of 1 ml for 10 ampoules in a package.

Can a nursing mom drink Nurofen?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with pronounced antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, stimulates the formation of endogenous interferon, improves non-specific resistance of the body.

When administered orally, it is rapidly absorbed and persists for a long time in synovial tissues of the joint without penetration into the joint cavity. It is excreted by the kidneys and in small amounts through the intestine.

• Indications for use: rheumatoid diseases, severe pain syndrome with lesions of the peripheral nervous system, febrile condition, infectious and inflammatory processes in the body.
• The method of use and dosage depend on the form of release of the drug. Orally take 200-800 mg 3-4 times a day. When used externally, the ointment is applied to the lesion 2-4 times a day.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, flatulence, edema, high blood pressure, bronchospastic reactions, inhibition of hematopoiesis, skin allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: ulcerative lesions of the GI tract, ulcerative colitis, hemorrhagic diathesis, heart failure, optic nerve diseases, inhibition of hematopoiesis. Ointment should not be applied to mucous membranes and damaged skin.

When breastfeeding, Nurofen can be used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It penetrates into milk in an insignificant amount, but may provoke allergic reactions in the child. The recommended course of treatment is 2-3 days at 1.2 g per day. The drug is better to take after feeding the baby. Nurofen is prohibited in the last trimester of pregnancy. The use of the drug in the early stages of pregnancy is possible if the expected benefit to the mother is higher than the risks to the fetus.

Form of release: 200, 400 and 600 mg tablets in blisters of 10 and 20 pieces. Ointment and gel in tubes of 30 ml, syrup 2%, solution in the form of drops 4% drops of 15 ml in a bottle.

Is it okay for a nursing mom to drink rhinza?

Rinza is a combination medicine with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It contains paracetamol, caffeine, phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine.

• Indications for use: colds, flu, acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections.
• How to use: orally: 1 tablet 3-4 times a day 3-4 hours after meals. The drug is washed down with plenty of liquid. Maximum daily dose - 4 tablets. Duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, coronary atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, arterial hypertension, diseases of the cardiovascular system, vascular spasms, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, renal and liver dysfunction, acute pancreatitis, hyperbilirubinemia, diabetes mellitus, emphysema, bronchitis, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, thyroid disease, patients under 15 years of age and other.
• Overdose: headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, increased sweating, allergic reactions, worsening of general well-being. Adverse reactions have similar signs. For treatment, gastric lavage, intake of activated charcoal and further symptomatic therapy are indicated.

It is contraindicated to take Rinza during lactation. The prohibition is associated with a high risk of negative effects of the drug's components on the baby's body. If it is necessary to use the drug to eliminate acute symptoms of the disease, breastfeeding is stopped.

Form of release: tablets of 4, 10 pieces in a blister, 1, 2 blisters in a package.

Can a breastfeeding mom take fervex?

Fervex is a combined drug that includes the following components: pheniramine, paracetamol and ascorbic acid.

• Indications for use: symptomatic therapy of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, allergic rhinitis, rhinopharyngitis, influenza conditions.
• How to use: 1 sachet 2-3 times a day. The contents of the sachet dissolve in a glass of warm water and take orally. Between each intake of the drug should be observed interval of 6-8 hours.
• Side effects: dry mouth, impaired visual perception, urinary retention, hallucinations, hyperexcitability, skin allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, renal/liver dysfunction, increased intraocular pressure, prostate adenoma, patients under 15 years of age.

Fervex is contraindicated for nursing moms due to the lack of reliable information about its safety for the infant's body.

Form of release: granules for preparation of solution for oral administration. A bag of the drug contains 25 ml of pheniramine, 500 mg of paracetamol and 200 mg of vitamin C.

Can a breastfeeding mom take teraflu?

Teraflu is a complex drug with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-allergic properties. It is used for the treatment of influenza and colds. It contains the following active components: paracetamol, pheniramine maleate and phenylephrine.

• Indications for use: short-term symptomatic treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. ARVI, influenza, fever and chills, headaches, runny nose, muscle pain, nasal congestion, hyperthermia.
• How to use: the contents of 1 sachet dissolved in a glass of hot boiled water taken every 4-6 hours. Maximum daily dosage - 3 sachets. Duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days.
• Side effects: drowsiness, dry mouth and throat, headaches and dizziness, sleep disturbance, palpitations, nervousness, irritability, increased fatigue, GI disorders.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, closed-angle glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary pathologies, bladder neck obstruction. Pathologies of the kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, arterial hypertension. Patients under 12 years of age, epilepsy, pregnancy and lactation.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, hepatotoxic effect, drowsiness, coma, headaches, visual disturbances, skin allergic reactions. Paracetamol-N-acetylcysteine is used as antidote with further symptomatic therapy.

Teraflu is not recommended for the treatment of colds during lactation. This is due to a high risk of adverse reactions in the child. If the use of the drug is acutely necessary, breastfeeding is interrupted.

Form of release: granular powder for the preparation of a solution for oral intake. The drug is available in lemon, apple and cinnamon flavors. The package contains 10 sachets.

Can a breastfeeding mom take noshpa?

No-shpa is an antispasmodic drug with the active ingredient drotaverine. The drug reduces smooth muscle tone and dilates blood vessels. Effectively buys headache, toothache, menstrual pain, muscle pain and abdominal discomfort. The therapeutic effect develops 20-25 minutes after use. Maximum concentration in blood plasma occurs after one hour.

• Indications for use: spasms in the stomach, intestines, kidneys, bladder, liver. Pain in renal and intestinal colic, cystitis, cholecystitis. Angina pectoris, spasms of peripheral vessels. Elevated blood pressure.
• How to use: orally 400-800 mg 2-3 times a day. Intramuscularly or intravenously (slowly) in 2-4 ml of 2% solution.
• Side effects: skin allergic reactions, fever, headaches and dizziness, palpitations, increased sweating.
• Contraindications: prostatic hypertrophy, increased intraocular pressure, closed-angle glaucoma.

Take No-shpa while breastfeeding should be taken in agreement with the attending physician. With a single use in therapeutic dosage, it has no effect on the child. With prolonged use of the drug, it is better to abandon lactation. This is due to the fact that the drug penetrates into breast milk and the baby's body. As for the choice of the form of release, there is no special difference on feeding.

Form of release: 400 mg tablets of 100 pieces in a package, ampoules 2ml 400 mg Drotaverin in packages of 50 pieces.

Can antigrippin be taken by breastfeeding moms?

Antigrippin is a combination drug with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-allergic properties. Reduces the symptoms of influenza and acute respiratory infections, relieves swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses, facilitates nasal breathing.

The drug contains such components: paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate and vitamin C. Their interaction provides a persistent therapeutic effect. After oral administration, the drug is quickly and completely absorbed from the GI tract. The maximum concentration in blood plasma occurs after 10-60 minutes. The active substances are evenly distributed in tissues and body fluids. Metabolized in the liver, excreted by the kidneys.

• Indications for use: symptomatic treatment of influenza and acute respiratory infections, fever, headaches, myalgia, sore throat, rhinorrhea, edema of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Symptomatic treatment of rhinitis of various etiologies.
• How to use: orally 1 tablet / sachet 2-3 times a day. Fizzy capsules and powder to prepare a solution dissolve in a glass of warm water and take orally. Duration of treatment 3-5 days.
• Side effects: headaches, dizziness, increased fatigue, anemia, facial hyperemia, GI disorders, skin allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the drug components, gastric and duodenal ulcer, severe renal/liver dysfunction, closed-angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, severe anemia and leukopenia, patients under 3 years of age.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, headache, stool disorders, decreased appetite, pain in the epigastric region, increased sweating, fainting, sleep and wakefulness disorders. Gastric lavage with further symptomatic therapy is indicated for treatment.

Antigrippin is contraindicated during breastfeeding. When it is used, lactation is stopped. This contraindication is due to the fact that the composition includes acetylsalicylic acid, which penetrates through milk into the child's body can cause bleeding due to platelet dysfunction.

Form of release: effervescent tablets 6, 10 pieces in a package. Powder for the preparation of oral solution of 5 g in a sachet, 10 sachets in a package.

Is it possible to drink chaga for a nursing mom?

Chaga (birch mushroom) is a general tonic and analgesic. It contains 20% chromogenic polyphenolcarbon complex, manganese, agaric acid and other components.

• Indications for use: symptomatic treatment of chronic gastritis, malignant neoplasms of various localizations, dermatological pathologies.
• How to use: orally in the form of infusion. Crushed mushroom poured warm water and let infuse for 48 hours. The liquid is drained, and the remainder is squeezed through several layers of gauze. The drug is taken 250 ml 1-3 times a day. During treatment, it is recommended to adhere to a dairy and vegetable diet.
• Side effects: dyspeptic disorders. Chaga is contraindicated with intravenous administration of glucose, use of penicillin-based drugs.