Infections with skin rash

Measles. The rash appears three to four days after the onset of the disease. At first, measles flows like a cold in severe form, which intensifies. Eyes reddened and watery. The mucous membrane of the eyelids is intensely red. There is a dry and frequent cough. The temperature usually rises every day. On the 4th day there are pink spots behind the ears, the temperature is very high. Spots spread to the face and body, becoming larger and darker. One day before the rash, tiny white spots appear near the lower molars on the inner side of the cheeks, surrounded by a red corolla (Filatov-Koplik stains). The period of rashes lasts two to three days, and at this time the temperature remains high, the child coughs heavily, despite the medications used, and feels pretty bad. After the spots on the skin appear, the child's condition improves quickly. If the temperature does not decrease two days after the onset of the rash, or if it decreases, and then rises again, you should think about complications.

While the temperature remains high, the child has almost no appetite, but he is often thirsty, so the child should be watered more often. It is necessary to gently clean the child's mouth with cotton wool soaked in a solution of soda, three times a day. It used to be believed that light is harmful to a child who has measles, but now it is known that photophobia is caused by the accompanying measles conjunctivitis. If the child is annoyed by light, the room can be dimmed. Bed rest should be observed until the temperature is normal.

Measles occurs 9 to 16 days after contact with the patient, the infectious period begins with the appearance of cold symptoms. After measles, there is persistent immunity (there are no repeated diseases). In order to prevent the development of the disease or at least to weaken its manifestations, it is necessary to introduce the child gamma globulin.

Complications of measles include: otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, which arise from the attachment of a bacterial infection against a background of reduced immunity.

Rubella. The full name is measles rubella. It is called so because the rash is like a rash in measles. However, more often it looks like small red dots, they appear first on the head, then "drop" on the chest, hands, trunk and legs. The rash also disappears from the top. With measles rubella, there are rarely symptoms of a cold, there may be a slight redness in the throat. The temperature does not exceed 38 ° C. The posterior and occipital lymph nodes increase, which are sharply painful.

Rubella occurs between the 12th and 21st days after contact with a sick person. This disease is very dangerous for women in the first three to five months of pregnancy, as the rubella virus can cause malformations in the fetus. Therefore, the contact of a pregnant woman with a sick rubella is an indication for the termination of pregnancy.

Chickenpox. Before a rash, there may be a headache, a general malaise. Then there are characteristic eruptions - the bubbles filled with a transparent liquid, which eventually becomes turbid. The base of the vial is reddened. Vesicles burst, wither, crusts are formed - so-called polymorphism of the rash is observed. New bubbles appear within three to four days. Usually, children feel good throughout the disease and the temperature does not exceed 38 ° C. But sometimes the child's state of health is severely disrupted, more often it is noted in older children. Bed rest is observed during the whole time of rashes. All the elements of the rash should be lubricated with diamond greens, so that the secondary infection does not attach, especially since the rash causes the itch in the child and, combing the elements of the rash, can infect the infection with wound. The appearance of a rash occurs between the 11th and 21st days after infection. The child ceases to be infectious after the cessation of the appearance of new blisters - the dried crusts are no longer contagious. The patient is isolated at home until the fifth day, counting from the end of the rash.

Scarlet fever. It is caused by streptococci. The onset of the disease resembles the usual sore throat: sore throat, reddening of mucous pharynx, high fever, redness and enlargement of tonsils, headache. The rash appears after one or two days, first in the armpits, on the back, in the groin. From a distance the rash looks like a uniform reddening, but it is visible near it that it consists of small red dots on the inflamed skin. The rash can then spread to the entire surface of the body, including the face, and only the nasolabial triangle remains pale. Characteristic for scarlet fever is the defeat of the tongue, which acquires a crimson hue and on it there is an increase in papillae. After the rashes have passed, skin flaking can occur, especially on the palms.

Like any infection, scarlet fever can cause complications: otitis media, stomatitis, inflammation of the salivary glands, but the most formidable complications of scarlet fever are inflammation of the kidneys - nephritis, and the defeat of the valvular heart apparatus - heart disease. Infection can occur not only from a patient with scarlet fever or another streptococcal infection, but also from a healthy carrier of streptococcus. The incubation period of scarlet fever (asymptomatic) lasts about seven days. Treatment of scarlet fever should be prescribed by a doctor.

[1], [2], [3], [4]