Basic medical procedures required in the treatment of children

• Mustard wrap

Take 2-3 tablespoons of dry mustard, dilute to the consistency of a liquid gruel in a small amount of warm water, cover the pan and put in a warm place for 20-30 minutes. After the mustard solution has steeped and gives off a sharp irritating smell, add up to 1 liter of hot water (38-40 ° C), stir and wet the diaper in the resulting liquid solution. After squeezing well, wrap the baby's back and chest with it (first check with your hand to make sure the diaper is warm, but not scalding). Wrap the baby in a dry diaper and a blanket on top. The mustard wrap continues for 10-20 minutes, depending on the action of the mustard. If it works well, then the baby starts screaming after 10 minutes, his skin turns red and the diaper should be removed. If the baby is calm, you can keep him in this diaper for 15 minutes. After the mustard wrap, the skin is wiped with a warm, damp towel and then with a dry towel (removing the remains of the mustard), lubricated with Vaseline, the child is put in a shirt, and put to bed.

• Mustard plasters

Take equal amounts of dry mustard and flour (for example, two tablespoons each), grind and dilute with warm water until the consistency of sour cream. Fold the diaper in four, spread the resulting mixture on it and apply to the body on the side with the mustard on the inside. This part of the diaper is pre-moistened with water. Place the mustard plasters on the chest and back and hold for 10 minutes. Then proceed in the same way as with mustard wraps. Children over six months old can put ready-made mustard plasters directly on the chest and back, younger children - through gauze (but not through a newspaper!). Mustard plasters, like cups, cannot be placed on the heart and spine.

• Banks

Cupping is used on children over three years of age. The technique is the same as for adults.

• Warming compress

A warming compress does not introduce heat from outside, but retains the heat emitted by the body. A warming compress is not recommended for children with pneumonia. Take gauze, fold it eight times, moisten with warm water or a liquid prescribed by a doctor (diluted alcohol, vodka, etc.), squeeze well and put on the indicated place. Then put the second layer - compress paper, which should completely cover the wet fabric (gauze), the third layer - cotton wool - completely covers the previous two. All this is well bandaged and left for 2-3 hours, then removed. The place where the compress was, tie, leaving the cotton wool.

• Hot water bottles

Fill a rubber hot-water bottle two-thirds full with water heated to approximately 45°C (not boiling water!). Squeeze gently until water appears from the neck, remove air and screw it on. Turn it upside down with the plug to make sure that no water is leaking. Then wrap the hot-water bottle in a diaper and place it under a blanket at a palm's distance from the child. Change the hot-water bottle every 40-50 minutes.

• Gadgets

Application of cold (as prescribed by a doctor): a) cold compresses. A cloth folded in several layers is soaked in cold water (not room temperature), wrung out so that it does not drip, and placed on the skin. The compress should be changed frequently (every 10-15 minutes); b) the bladder is filled halfway with small pieces of ice, the air is released, tightly screwed on and hung on a towel above the child's head (so that it only lightly touches).

• Medicinal baths

(Use as directed by your doctor.)

Hot bath. Pour water at a temperature of 36 °C, immerse the child in it and carefully add hot water from the side of the feet. Bring the bath temperature to 38-40 °C, the bath lasts no more than 5 minutes. Do not wet the head with hot water (put a cloth soaked in cold water on the head), do not use soap. After a hot bath, dry the child with a warm sheet, dress in warm underwear and wrap up warmly.

Bath with potassium permanganate. Water temperature 36-37 °C. Potassium permanganate solution is poured into the bath so that the water has a pink tint. Crystals should not be thrown into the bath so as not to cause skin burns.

Salt bath (bath with salt). Table salt is poured into a bag and lowered into hot water. When the salt dissolves, the bag is taken out and the solution is poured into the bath. The water temperature is 35-36 °C, the duration of the bath is 5-10 minutes. After the bath, the child is doused with fresh water. Calculation: 1 kg of salt per 100 liters of water.

Mustard baths. Dissolve 100 g of dry mustard in hot water and, straining through gauze, pour into the bath. Bath temperature 37 °C. Duration - 10 minutes. Cover the bath with a sheet from above, leaving the child's head outside so that the mustard vapors do not irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose.

Foot mustard baths. The child's feet are dipped into a bucket of mustard solution (50 g of mustard per bucket of water). The water temperature in the bucket is initially 37 °C, then, by constantly adding hot water, it is brought to 38-39 °C. The bath lasts 10 minutes. After the bath, put on socks made of sheep or dog wool and put the child to bed.

• Cleansing enemas

Before use, the enema is boiled. It is also advisable to drink boiled water. For newborns, take 50-60 ml of water, for five- to seven-month-old children - 60-100 ml, for children from seven months to a year and older - 200-250 ml. Water temperature is 25-28 °C. By drawing water into the enema and lifting the tip upward, carefully release the air. The tip is lubricated with petroleum jelly and inserted into the anus by 3 cm. The child lies on his left side on a diaper laid on oilcloth. The balloon is slowly squeezed until all the water comes out. After this, without unclenching the balloon, remove the tip from the anus and hold the buttocks closed for 3-5 minutes so that the water does not spill out.

• Drops

Instillation of drops into the nose. The nose is cleared with cotton wicks soaked in a soda solution or boiled water, or with special sticks to a depth of 1 cm.

A separate stick (wick) is needed for each nostril. Both nostrils cannot be cleared at the same time (otherwise, how will the child breathe?). Then the child is placed on his back, the head is slightly tilted to the side. Having filled the medicine into the pipette, the prescribed number of drops are released into the nostril corresponding to the tilt of the head (into the lower one), and the child is held in the same position for some time so that the medicine passes into the nasopharynx.

Instillation of eye drops. The child's head is held tightly, the lower eyelid is pulled down and the drops are injected into the outer corner of the eye. The eye and nose droppers should be stored separately in jars with a closed lid, and boiled after use.

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