Medical expert of the article
New publications
What is laser facial resurfacing?
Last reviewed: 08.07.2025
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was introduced in 1964 by Patel. In the mid-1980s, these lasers were used by some physicians for the removal of exophytic skin lesions and limited skin resurfacing. The use of the continuous wavelength (10,600 nm) CO2 laser is limited by its long pulse duration, which can cause unwanted thermal damage and subsequent scarring. As laser technology advanced, higher-energy laser systems with shorter pulses were developed that were better suited for treating the skin surface. Some of the first published work on resurfacing with a pulsed CO2 laser was performed by Larry David. In 1993, Fitzpatrick reported the use of the Ultrapulse CO2 laser (Coherent Medical Products), which featured shorter pulses (1000 μs) than earlier pulsed and superpulsed CO2 lasers. Ultrashort pulses have proven ideal for the removal of superficial skin tumors and skin resurfacing.
Initially, when describing the CO2 laser resurfacing procedure, it was recommended that the treatment be continued until the treated tissues acquired a “suede” appearance. In 1995, Carniol proposed the first modification of this technique in order to reduce complications and improve healing. Other lasers have been developed for facial resurfacing: Silktouch and Feathertouch (Sharplan Lasers), as well as Paragon (Lasersonics). Most of these lasers can generate pulses lasting from 900 to 1000 µs. Some systems, such as Tru-Pulse (Tissue Technology), generate shorter pulses.
Many laser systems use a computerized guide generator that allows for very uniform treatment of large surfaces. Recently, Erbium:YAG lasers with a wavelength of 2940 nm have been used for skin resurfacing. Erbium lasers typically produce more superficial ablation per pass with less postoperative erythema and a faster recovery period than other lasers. Resurfacing system technology continues to evolve, with systems combining Erbium and CO2 lasers for simultaneous ablation and coagulation.
Other lasers, such as the pulsed dye laser and the Nd:YAG laser, are also used for resurfacing, causing a reduction in wrinkles and stimulation of collagen growth. Although dermabrasion and chemical peels are standard procedures for resurfacing facial skin, non-laser devices using bipolar radiofrequency are also used for resurfacing. These devices create plasma from a saline solution; they affect the surface by breaking down intercellular bonds rather than vaporizing with heat.