Medical expert of the article
New publications
The tactile cells
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
The most mysterious cells of the epidermis are Merkel cells. They are responsible for the tactile sensitivity of the skin, which is why they are called tactile cells. Most Merkel cells are found in sensitive areas of the skin - on the palms, feet, in erogenous zones. Merkel cells are located at the base of the dermoepidermal junction depressions and are connected to neurons.
Previously, it was believed that the task of Merkel cells is simple - to perceive a signal. Now it turns out that tactile cells are not just receivers of sensations. In response to stimulation, Merkel cells release a number of hormones and hormone-like substances. These substances affect mood (endorphins and enkephalins), stimulate cells of the immune system, affect vascular tone, calcium metabolism, etc. Recent studies have allowed us to lift the veil of secrecy over the therapeutic effect of acupuncture and acupressure. It turns out that moderate irritating effects in areas where Merkel cells accumulate have a powerful immunostimulating effect on the entire body.
There is more and more evidence that allows us to state that all skin cells are closely connected, forming a single community. The connections between cells are so complex and varied that any mechanical, physical or chemical impact on the skin that affects cellular elements can have completely unexpected consequences.
Thus, Langerhans cells extend their processes to the uppermost layers of the epidermis, which means they are accessible to external influence. On the other hand, they can go into the dermis and interact with other cells there. Langerhans cells exchange signal molecules with keratinocytes, leukocytes, Merkel cells, fibroblasts, which in turn also exchange signals with each other. The existence of complex relationships in such a vast cellular state as the skin opens up endless horizons for cosmetology, but at the same time puts a serious weapon in its hands, which is important to use correctly.