Skin Care

In recent years, modern cosmetology is increasingly turning to the correction of age-related changes in the skin of the hands. Indeed, this region often "gives out" the age of a person, despite a thorough and comprehensive approach to correcting age-related changes in the facial skin. The hands are particularly prone to age-related changes and a number of dermatoses, both in connection with the constant effect of external aggressive environmental factors on them, and in connection with certain anatomical and physiological features of the skin structure.

Dermatocosmetological approach to skin of brushes

Anatomical and physiological features of brushes include features of the structure of the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and also deeper-lying tissues. In this case, the structure of the skin of the back and palmar surfaces is fundamentally different.

The rear of the hands is covered with so-called "thin" skin, the features of which are 1-2 mm thickness, as well as the presence of hair and sebaceous glands. The epidermis is characterized by a small number of rows of cells. So, the number of rows of cells of the spinous layer is 3-4, while in other parts of the skin - from 3 to 8-15. Note also a small thickness of the stratum corneum. There are gun hair and small lobed sebaceous glands. These structural features cause a noticeable eye-thinning of the skin of the hands during the evolution of age-related changes, as well as a high tendency of the skin to dryness under the influence of exogenous irritating factors. Dry skin of brushes, cracked rashes, along with medicinal cheilitis, are possible and against the background of acne therapy with isotretinoin. Skin conjunctival is associated with delipidisation of the skin surface and a sharp violation of its barrier properties. In connection with the foregoing, the constant use of moisturizing and nutritive agents as a basic care, which includes, first of all, film-forming substances (petrolatum, paraffin, silicones, natural oils, polyunsaturated fatty acids, wax, lanolin, some fatty alcohols, etc., ).

Melanocytes in the epidermis are few and located in individuals with light skin only in the basal layer. That is why the consequences of burns even of the 2nd degree can be persistent foci of depigmentation associated with the destruction of pigment cells. This fact should always be considered when carrying out peelings on the skin of the hands (medium depth and deep).

Dermis and subcutaneous fatty tissue in the area of the rear of the hands are poorly developed. Studies have been carried out to confirm significant changes in the volume, quality and distribution of fatty tissue during aging. It is known that age-related changes in fatty tissue include its physiological atrophy, and this process is most pronounced in the face and hands. That is why with age, the superficial cutaneous veins and tendons of the muscles on the dorsal surface of the hands become more noticeable. Such changes are especially pronounced in women in the perimenopause period.

The small thickness of the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue dictates the importance of extreme caution in conducting mesotherapy in the indicated location: the risk of damage to the synovial vagina of the dorsal surface of the hands is high.

The skin of the palmar surface of the hands is classified as "thick", has a thickness of more than 5 mm; the same skin covers the soles of the feet. It is characterized by thicker than on other parts of the body, the epidermis and its horny layer, the lack of hair and sebaceous glands, as well as the relatively thin dermis and hypodermis. In the epidermis, a glossy layer (stratus, iucidum) is also isolated. The large thickness of the stratum corneum and the absence of sebaceous glands cause stereotyped clinical manifestations of many dermatoses in the indicated localization: they can be accompanied by keratosis, the appearance of cracks due to a breach of skin elasticity. This is possible with chronic eczema, atonic dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, palmar-plantar psoriasis, climacteric palmar-plantar keratodermia (Haxsthausen syndrome) and other diseases. In a number of cases, the diagnosis is confirmed not only on the basis of the detection of characteristic primary eruptions in other parts of the skin, but also in histological examination. The papillary dermis defines the pattern of scallops and grooves on the surface of the skin, which is most pronounced on the palms and soles. The pattern of the skin pattern is strictly individual and genetically determined, on this basis a method of fingerprinting in forensic science has been developed. In medicine, both traditional and non-traditional, the method of dermatoglyphics is popular (for example, a characteristic pattern of skin on the palms with Down's disease is known). In dermatological practice, doctors can face very pronounced furrows on the palmar surface of the hands in patients with atopic dermatitis with chronic allergic dermatitis, chronic eczema and other dermatoses.

In large quantities on the palms there are eccrine sweat glands involved in thermoregulation. This zone is relevant in clinical practice in connection with localized hyperhidrosis and dyshidrosis.

To external aggressive environmental factors can be attributed weather impact. So, in case of severe frost, it is on hands that skin rupture is revealed, and also development of cracked or xerotic eczema is possible. These changes are characteristic both in childhood and in adults (the so-called "pimples"). Insolation is one of the significant external factors. Moreover, on the skin of the hands, as in any open area of the skin, a symptomatic complex of photoaging is clearly visible: a rough underlined skin pattern, a combination of superficial and deep wrinkles, dryness and lentigo. In cases of excessive UV exposure, the effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation sources (usually occupational hazards) on the skin of the hands, various neoplasms can also be detected: actinic keratosis, basioma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma. Brushes can be involved in the process with cutaneous forms of lupus erythematosus, late cutaneous porphyria, photoreactions - dermatoses induced by UFO.

An important role is played by the contact of the skin of the hands with various chemical substances in everyday life and at work, both obligatory and optional.

Features of skin care brushes at home and in a cosmetology establishment

Given the constant impact of aggressive environmental factors and anatomical and physiological features of the hands, a gentle treatment and gentle care is shown. It is necessary to wear gloves at low temperatures of ambient air and insolation. In the presence of allergic skin diseases, glove material should be considered: cotton fabrics and viscose are preferred, and wool and synthetic fibers are not recommended. Important is the protection of hands in everyday life and at work. When choosing protective gloves, it should also be taken into account that the most popular material - latex can act as an allergen.

Gentle care includes washing by means that do not change the pH of the skin surface (syndets), as well as active hydration and nutrition. In the conditions of the cosmetic salon, moisturizing and nourishing masks, massage, paraffin applications, mesotherapy are shown. To improve microcirculation in the distal parts of the hands, for example, in onychodystrophy, superovascular laser irradiation is prescribed, as well as Darsonval and UHF for the paravertebral regions in the cervicothoracic spine.     

Various methods of surgical correction, constantly developing and improving at the present time (for example, lipofilling), are aimed at changing the appearance of the rear of the hands by replenishing the deficit of subcutaneous fat.

In summer, effective photoprotection is shown. With solar tapes, external agents containing hydroxy acids, azelaic acid, retinoids can be used. At the same time, they can be used at home in the form of creams and solutions, as well as in beauty parlors (peelings). Of the hardware techniques used microdermabrasion and LHE-therapy.

Thus, modern knowledge of the structure of the skin of the hands can help the beautician in choosing certain methods of prevention and correction of age-related skin changes in this anatomical localization. It is necessary to emphasize once again the importance of correct diagnosis of the analytical approach to the identified changes and complex correction

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